Chiwerengero cha ku Paris. Chigawo cha Paris

Pafupifupi munthu aliyense padziko lapansi akulakalaka kukacheza ku Paris. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa pali chithumwa chapadera komanso mlengalenga wapadera. Monga momwe chiwonetsero chikuwonetsera, palibe nthawi yokwanira yochezera zokopa zapanyumba. Komanso m'nkhani ino, mwatsatanetsatane, zidzakhala za mzinda wodabwitsawu, kuphatikizapo mbiri yake ndi chiwerengero cha anthu.

Kulongosola kwachidule

Kawirikawiri, likulu la ku France ndi lopangidwa kwambiri. Dera lonse la Paris ndi pafupifupi makilomita 300. Malire a mzindawo amatetezedwa ndi msewu wamphepete mwautali wotchedwa Peripheral Boulevard, ndipo wagawanika ku banki yamanzere ndi gawo labanjali lomwe lili pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Seine. M'mawu amtundu, mzindawu umagawidwa m'zigawo makumi awiri, zomwe zikuwerengedwera kuchokera pakati pa madera. Paris ndi malo oyang'anira, chikhalidwe, mafakitale ndi ndale a boma. Kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, yakula kwambiri ndi mabusa ake, potero ndikumanga dziko lalikulu kwambiri.

Geography

Mzinda wa France uli kumpoto kwa dzikolo, makilomita 145 kuchokera ku English Channel. Mtsinje wa Seine Paris umadutsa kumbali yakumwera chakum'maŵa mpaka kumpoto chakumadzulo. Mapu a Paris amasonyeza momwe madzi amadzi amatha kukhalira pamtima mumzindawo, motero amapanga chilumba cha Sete. Zinali pa iye nthawi yomweyo anthu oyambirira a m'deralo ankakhazikitsa nyumba zawo. Zinthu zambiri zochititsa chidwi zakale zimapezeka pamtsinje. Kunja kwa mzinda muli malo ambiri omwe sakhala omangidwa komanso masiku athu. Panopa tikukamba za Bois de Boulogne ndi nkhalango ya Vincennes. Pomwe iwo ankasaka olamulira achi French, ndipo tsopano malo awa akhala amodzi mwa okondedwa kwambiri pakati pa a Parisiya. Mofanana ndi dziko lonse la France, Paris ikuyendetsedwa ndi madzi ozizira, nyengo yofatsa. M'miyezi yozizira, kutentha kwa mpweya kumadutsa pansi pa madigiri 0 kwambiri kawirikawiri. Koma chipale chofewa, chimagweranso nthawi zambiri.

Mbiri Yachidule

Asanayambe kuukira asilikali a Roma mu 52 BC, mafuko a Agulisi ankakhala mumzinda wa French wamakono. Ogonjetsawo adatcha dzina la anthu a ku Parisiya. Kuchokera ku mawu awa pali dzina la mzindawo. Monga tanena kale, pachiyambi chilumba cha Sete, chomwe tsopano ndi mbiri yakale ya Paris, chinathetsedwa. Pazaka 50 zotsatira, mzindawu wakula pang'ono ku banki lakumanzere. Tsopano apa pali yotchedwa Latin Quarter. Boma la Roma linatha mu 508.

M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chimodzi, mbali ya mzindawo inafalikira ku banki yolondola, ndipo ulamuliro wa Mfumu Philip II Augustus (1180-1223) inali nthawi ya chitukuko chofulumira. Panthawiyi, sizinangowonjezereka kwambiri ku Paris, komabe anamanga matchalitchi ambiri, anayala misewu yayikulu, ndipo anamanga linga la Louvre. Ku Middle Ages, mzindawo unakhala umodzi mwa anthu odziwa bwino za ku Ulaya ndi malo ogula, ndipo kukula kwake kunayambitsidwa kwa kanthawi kokha chifukwa cha mliri umene unayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1400. Mu 1852, motsogoleredwa ndi zamakono a London, Emperor Napoleon III adakhazikitsanso mbali ya Paris.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, dziko lonse la France linakula ndichuma. Paris sizinali zosiyana. Maseŵera a Olimpiki ndi World Exhibition, omwe anachezeredwa ndi mamiliyoni a alendo oyenda padziko lonse lapansi, adatsimikiziridwa momveka bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, yoyamba la nthambi linatsegulidwa.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse

Mu June 1940, mzindawu unali ndi asilikali achijeremani. Iwo anakhala pano mpaka kumapeto kwa August 1944. Boma linkayembekezera kuti izi zichitike, ndipo patapita nthawi yaitali, anthu a ku Paris anagonjetsedwa ndi anthu a ku France, ndipo anthu a ku Paris anachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Zirizonse zomwe zinali, ziyenera kudziwika kuti, poyerekeza ndi mizinda ina yayikulu ya ku Ulaya, sizinayambe kuvutika.

Nkhondo yapambuyo pa nkhondo ndi masiku athu

Kupititsa patsogolo kwa likulu la dziko la France kunapitiliza zaka zisanayambe nkhondo. Panthawiyi, malondawa adakula kwambiri ndipo bizinesi, dera la mafakitale la Defense, lomwe tsopano likudziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha mzere wa zomangamanga, idamangidwa. Mu zaka makumi asanu ndi zitatu zapitazo, mzindawu unagwirizanitsa maumboni ambiri. Ambiri amapezeka m'midzi yake ndipo adagwirizana ndi osakhudzidwa ndi anthu okhalamo, makamaka anthu othawa kwawo. Kumenyana kwakukulu kunachitika kumapeto kwa 2005. Ndiye anthu opanduka omwe akuyimira anthu atsopano a ku Paris, atatsutsa mbiri yawo ndi udindo wawo, anatentha magalimoto zikwi zingapo ndipo nthawi zambiri ankaukira nyumba za anthu. Masiku ano mumzindawu, mwa njira ina yodabwitsa, kupita patsogolo mogwirizana ndi mbiri ya zaka zana. Makamaka, pafupi ndi zomangamanga zomangidwa ndi ambuye otchuka padziko lonse, nyumba zamakono zikukumangidwa. Ndipo izi sizikuphwanya mlengalenga, zomwe zapangidwa kwa zaka zambiri.

Usinkhu wa anthu

Monga lero, anthu a ku Paris ali pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 2.3. M'chizindikiro ichi, mzindawu uli m'gulu la mayendedwe asanu akuluakulu a European Union. Anthu pafupifupi 300,000 okhala muno ndi alendo ochokera kuno ochokera ku Ulaya ndi ku Africa. Poganizira madera akumidzi, omwe amadziwika kuti Greater Paris, pali anthu pafupifupi 10 miliyoni. Ku dziko lonseli, dera lino ndilo anthu ambiri. Bukuli ndilokuti mzindawu umapereka 17 peresenti ya chiŵerengero cha boma, ngakhale kuti ichocho chimakhala ndi 2 peresenti ya gawolo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu a ku Paris chinawonjezeka kwambiri kuyambira nthawi ya 1945 mpaka 1970. Nthawiyi inali ndi kusamuka kwakukulu kuchokera kumadera ena a dziko, komanso kubadwa kwakukulu m'mabanja a anthu omwe anafika pano. Mu zaka makumi asanu ndi zitatu zapitazi, kuwonjezeka kwa achinyamata sanasiye, koma panthawi imeneyo anthu ambiri a zaka zapakati akuchoka mumzindawu. Chifukwa chake, zaka khumi anthu okhala ku likulu la France anali makamaka alendo komanso anthu okalamba.

Monga momwe kuwonetsedwa kwa kafukufuku wowerengera, mbiri yonse ya anthu a ku Paris inadzaza ndi anthu obwera kuchokera ku mayiko ena. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapakati pa makumi asanu ndi anayi zapitazo, izi zinakula. Panthawiyi, anthu othawa kwawo anawerengera anthu pafupifupi 25%. Iwo anali makamaka a Algeriya, a Spain, a Chipwitikizi ndi a nthumwi a anthu ena akale a ku France. Iwo amapanga ntchito zopanda malipiro pomanga ndi malonda. Chotsatira cha zonsezi ndi mavuto aakulu a nyumba omwe adafika mkati mwa Greater Paris, chifukwa chake - panali malo osungiramo okhala osauka kwambiri.

The Economy

Mzinda wa France, limodzi ndi malo ake odyetserako ziweto, umadzitamandira kwambiri kuposa anthu onse okhala m'dzikoli. Anthu okhala mumzinda wa Paris makamaka amagwira ntchito monga kupanga maulendo, zodzikongoletsera, zonunkhira, zovala zokongola, komanso mipando yapamwamba kwambiri. Zogulitsa zimenezi zimapangidwa kafukufuku m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe akukhala pakati pa mzindawo. Ogwira ntchito zamagetsi amawerengera pafupifupi azimayi pa anthu onse ogwira ntchito ku Paris. Makampani opereka chithandizo athandizidwa pano. Makampani akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto, ndege, magetsi ndi mankhwala amapezeka pamtunda wapafupi kumpoto.

Madera

Monga mwa lamulo, anthu okhala m'mudziwu amakhala m'nyumba zazing'ono zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa m'katikati mwa nyengo, komanso nyumba zinyumba zambiri zomwe zinachitika pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Ngakhale kuti kumanga nyumba panthawiyi kwakula, vuto la kusoŵa kwa nyumba m'midzi ya dziko la France lidalipobe. Komanso, nyumba zambiri zomwe zili pano sizingadzitamandire ndi kupezeka kwazinthu zamakono. Ambiri mwa anthu akumeneko ndi ochokera kunja. Malo olemekezeka kwambiri, olemekezeka a dziko la France ndi Deffence, Versailles ndi Saint-Denis. Anthu okhalamo amakhala opatsidwa ntchito komanso malo opititsa patsogolo ntchito.

Ulendo, kugula ndi usiku

Mzinda wa France, malinga ndi ziwerengero, ndiwo mzinda wotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chaka chilichonse pafupifupi oposa 30 miliyoni amafika kuno. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa pali zambiri zochitika zakale zosiyana siyana. Kuphatikizanso apo, mzindawu umakopa alendo ndi zinsinsi zake, misewu yakale yakale ndi mlengalenga. Pa nthawi yomweyo, munthu amene amabwera kuno kwa nthawi yoyamba sasowa ngakhale mapu a Paris ndi zochitika. Mulimonsemo, iye adzasangalala, chifukwa mwamtheradi ngodya iliyonse ili yapadera pano.

Chifukwa china chimene amalendo amafika ku likulu la France ndi kugula. Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yanu yopanda ntchitoyi ndikukonda anthu akumeneko. Kuti mugule, simukusowa kupita kwinakwake, chifukwa misewu ya mzindawo imakhala ndi anthu ochepa okha, komanso mabasi ogula. Pachifukwa ichi, cholinga cha kugula ku Paris chachepetsedwa kukhala njira yokha, osati kufunika koyenera kwa chinachake.

Pambuyo mdima mzindawo umasandulika: milatho ndi zipilala za zomangamanga zimayamba kuunikiridwa, ndipo boulevards ndi misewu ikusefukira zizindikiro za nyali zakale ndi zamakono. Anthu a ku Paris amakonda kukambirana nawo nthawiyi ndi anzawo. Iwo amapita ku malo odyera kapena malo odyera, ndipo pambuyo pawo nthawi zina amapita ku magulu a usiku ndi mipiringidzo.