DC panopa. Makompyuta a magetsi a DC: mawerengedwe

Nthawi zonse pakali pano ndi tinthu timene timayendayenda m'njira ina. Mwanjira ina, zamakono zikhoza kutchedwa kuchuluka monga zamakono kapena magetsi, zomwe zimakhala nthawi zonse muzitsogozo ndi phindu.

Ganizirani makhalidwe ake, kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso maulendo a magetsi omwe alipo panopo. Tiyeni tiyankhe mafunsowa, momwe dera lamagetsi likufufuzira, momwe likuwerengedwera kwa ena.

Kuchokera kuphatikiza mpaka zochepa kapena zosiyana?

Mu gwero, magetsi amachoka kuchoka ku chinthu chochepa kupita ku mtengo wapatali. Ngakhale kuti aliyense amadziwa izi, nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati malangizo ochokera kuphatikiza mpaka ochepa. Ndikudabwa chifukwa chiyani? Ife tikufotokozedwa kuti izi ndi momwe zinakhalira mbiriyakale. Koma kodi zilidi choncho? Pambuyo pake, "mbiri" iyi inakhazikitsidwa mu nthawi yosafunika kwenikweni.

Malamulo akuluakulu a zamagetsi amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse: lamulo la Ohm ndi malamulo a Kirchhoff. Zamakono zinkatchedwa kale galvaniki, monga adalandira chifukwa cha galvanic reaction. Pamene magetsi anayamba kuyendetsedwa m'nyumba, panali mpikisano wotsutsa chifukwa cha mtundu wamakono womwe ungalowemo: nthawi zonse kapena zosiyana. "Nkhondo" inapambana yachiwiri, chifukwa inali yotsika mtengo. Kuphweka mosavuta kudutsa maulendo ataliatali chifukwa cha kusintha kosavuta.

Momwe mungapezere pakali pano

Koma zenizeni zenizeni sizinatheke ku ntchito. Maulendo a magetsi a DC amapezeka, mwachitsanzo, mu mabatire.

Zamakono zimapangidwa ndi makina opanga magetsi, pambuyo pake osonkhanitsa akukonzanso. Zomwe amachititsa zimapanga jenereta, pomwe panopa timapangidwanso. Maulendo a magetsi a DC angathe kusintha kuchoka pa osinthika kudzera mwa otembenuza ndi othandizira.

Chiwerengero cha ntchito

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mitundu imeneyi ndi kwakukulu kwambiri. Mu zipangizo zambiri zapakhomo, mwachitsanzo, mu kompyuta modem, kuyendetsa foni yam'manja, ketulo wamagetsi kapena pulogalamu ya chakudya, ndi DC. Makompyuta a DC amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo amatembenuzidwa pa jenereta ya galimoto ndi chipangizo chilichonse chowongolera. Zimagwiritsa ntchito makina onse ogulitsa mafakitale, ndipo m'mayiko ena ngakhale magetsi akuluakulu opatsirana. Ngakhale m'magetsi ena azachipatala amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

The DC panopa ndi yotetezeka, chifukwa chiwonongeko chikhoza kuchitika pamene kugwedezeka kwa magetsi kumachokera ku 300 mA, ndipo ndi nthawi yotsatizana, ngakhale 50-100 mA.

Dera lamagetsi

Kulankhulana kumaperekedwa ndi zipangizo zonse, kudzera mukutumiza, kufalitsa ndi kutembenuka kwa kutenthedwa, magetsi, magetsi ndi zina zamtundu wa mphamvu. Njirazi zimatanthauzidwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi monga zamakono komanso magetsi.

Zomwe zimayambira magetsi oyendetsa magetsi

Zinthu zazikulu ndi olandila ndi magwero a mphamvu zowonjezera, ogwirizanitsidwa ndi otsogolera. M'magwero, mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zimasandulika magetsi. Ndipo mwa ovomerezeka, mosiyana, magetsi amapita mu mitundu ina.

Maunyolo kumene kusintha, kutumiza ndi kulandira mphamvu zamagetsi kumachitika panthawi yamtundu wa magetsi komanso wamakono nthawi zonse, amatchedwa DC maulendo. Pamene njirayi imakhala ndi mtengo wosiyanasiyana - ma CD.

Kuti muwerenge ndi kuphunzira DC magetsi (ntchito ya ma laboratory nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchitoyi), dera losinthidwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiko kuti, dera loyenera kuti liwerengedwe lenileni. Kuti mupeze, muyenera kusintha zinthu zonse za dera. Njira zakuthupi ziyenera kufotokozedwa mu ndondomeko iliyonse ya masamu.

Zinthu zotsalira

Kukaniza ndi chimodzi mwa omwe amalandira dera lamagetsi. Amadziwika ndi kukaniza, komwe kumayesedwa mu Ohms. Kukanika kumbuyo, kapena, monga momwe amatchedwanso, zimakhala zowonjezereka muzitsulo zomwe zimalowetsa mmalo kuti ziganizidwe ndi mphamvu yosinthira magetsi kupita ku mitundu ina.

Kuwerengetsa makompyuta opangidwa ndi magetsi ovuta kwambiri pakalipano wapangidwa, ngati kuti apange njira yabwino ya mazira ndi zovuta zonse. Sankhani ndondomeko ya mfundo yawo, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yaikulu yokhala ndi mfundo zing'onozing'ono.

Pokhala ndi kutsutsa kwaokha pakalipano, kukana kumatchedwa mzere, ndipo dera lamagetsi ndilolondolera. Makhalidwe omwe alipo panopa akufotokozedwa mwazinthu zogwirizana ndi chiyambi.

Poganizira maulendo oterewa, mfundo yosavuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imakhala m'malo mwa malo ozungulira magetsi ndi zosavuta. Koma zamakono komanso magetsi siziyenera kusintha. Kenaka unyolowo udzapangire mtundu wosavuta. Zinthu zogwirizana zotsatizana ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zosinthika motsatizana.

Kulumikizana kwapadera ndi kufanana

Ndi maulumikilo angapo muzinthu zonse, zamakono zili ndi mtengo womwewo. Apa magetsi amatsimikiziridwa ndi chiwerengero cha zotsutsana zonse zomwe zikuphatikizidwa ndi I, ndiko:

U = (R1 + R2 + RN) I = RI.

Ndi mgwirizano wofanana, magetsi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma pakali pano ndi mndandanda wa mafunde pambali iliyonse ya zinthu. Choncho, akhoza kuimiridwa ngati chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Ndipo izo, zowonjezera, ziri zofanana ndi chiwerengero cha machitidwe a zinthu. Izi ndizo zomwe zimapereka zenizeni.

Ma CD a magetsi, kuphatikizapo, ali ndi magetsi komanso magetsi.

Zotsatira

Mphamvu yodziimira (EMF, yamakono) kuchokera ku kukana kwa kunja kwakutchedwa imayambira. Gwero la EMF (voltage) limayesedwa mopanda kanthu, ndiko kuti, pomwe panopa muli gwero ndi zero. M'mipikisano yowonjezera, kukana kumaganizira za kutaya kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimamasulidwa kuchokera ku gwero. Ngati ndi zero, ndipo gwero lamakono liri lopanda malire, ndilo buku loyenera. Zenizeni nthawi zonse zimatha.

Zomwe zili kunja ndizo: magwero a EMF ndi magetsi, kudalira kumene kumachokera pakali pano, komanso pakali pano - kuchokera ku magetsi pamapeto.

Zomwe zimayambira kwenikweni zili ndi zigawo zovuta komanso zosagwirizana. Tiyeni tikambirane njira zowerengera zamakonzedwe a magetsi ofanana omwe alipo tsopano. Iwo amafotokozedwa mu lamulo la Ohm lachingwe chonse, kumene ine = E / (Rh + Rbh). Kenaka U = EbbI. Kuchokera ku machitidwewa, kutsutsana kwa mkati ndi kutulutsa mkati kumachokera:

• Rbh = ΔU / ΔI;
• Gbh = ΔI / ΔU.

Kuwerengetsa maulendo a magetsi osagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji kumapangidwa motsatira lamulo la Kirchhoff. Njira zowerengetsera ndondomeko zosiyana ndi zosawerengeka zimasiyana. Choncho, izi sizingaganizidwe motsatira ndondomekoyi.

Zida zoyezera

Mphamvu yamagetsi ya dera la DC ili ndi magwero. Ndipo zipangizo zomwe zimayesa izi ndi: voltmeter ya kuyesa magetsi pa gawo lozungulira ndi ammeter kuti zitha kugwirizana ndi dera. Kufunika kwa zero kwa kukakamizidwa mkati ndi kuyendetsa, zipangizo ndi zabwino.

Njira zowonjezera zimakhala zomveka bwino pakuwaganizira pogwiritsa ntchito kuyeza. Ndi lamulo la Ohm, R = U / I.

Tikudziwa kuti zipangizo zenizeni zilibe phindu. Choncho, pali njira ziwiri zokha zomwe angapezerepo:

• Kuthamanga kwa mkati mwa voltmeter kumakhala kochulukira kangapo kuposa momwe ammeter amayendera, kotero kuti kutsika kwa mpweya kumachepetsa kuchepetsa kukaniza kwayeso, ndipo magetsi omwe amayesedwa ndi voltmeter ayenera kumagwirizana ndi machitidwe opangira;
• Kuthamanga kwa mkati mwa voltmeter kumayenderana ndi kuyeretsa kwayeso, ndipo ammeter ndi yochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuyimitsidwa kwayeso.

Yesetsani ndi ntchito za mayeso

Kuti muyese magetsi ndi zamakono, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutsutsana kwa mkati mwawo kumayesedwa mwa njira zosintha.

Mkokomo wa voltmeter ndi mammita kulowa mu block AB1.

Miyeso yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kukana. Mu gwero la mphamvu yamagetsi, kutsutsana kwa mkati kumayenera kuchotsedwa.

Mu ntchito yolimbikitsidwa, yomwe iyenera kukhala nayo mphamvu, magetsi a magetsi a DC amadziwika pozindikira magawo a magwero a mphamvu yamagetsi, magwero omwe alipo, kuyesa kukana, kuphunzira kuphatikizidwa kwa kufanana ndi mndandanda wa resistances, VAC.