Stiven Hoking: The Earth angasinthe mu yemweyo kutentha dziko ngati Venus

The Earth angasinthe mu dziko kutentha ngati Venus, ndi nyanja otentha, asidi mvula, ngati anthu sangakhoze kutsitsa kusintha kwa nyengo sizingasinthe. Zimenezi zinanenedwa mu kuyankhulana posachedwapa ndi wasayansi Stiven Hoking. "Ndife pafupi monyang'ama poti likutentha adzakhala sizingasinthe. kanthu lipenga zikhoza kusokoneza Earth ku phompho, ndipo adzakhala yemweyo monga Venus, kumene kutentha avareji 250 madigiri Celsius ndi thambo m'malo mvula akutsikira asidi sulfuric "- anati Stiven Hoking, kupanga Buku chigamulo cha Donald lipenga pa achire US wa Paris pangano nyengo.

Zimene mawu a Hawking

Komabe, ambiri a sayansi ananena kuti sewero ndi chodziwikiratu mwamphamvu oona. Poyerekeza ndi Venus, dziko kutali kwambiri ndi dzuwa, ndi chifukwa cha mankhwala ake zikuchokera, sichidzatha kukhala chomwecho wandiweyani m'mlengalenga wapangidwa ndi carbon dioxide, kotero kuti kutentha pa lapansili chete madigiri 250 Celsius. Koma pamene akatswiri amavomereza kuti vuto la kachitidwe ambiri kusintha kwa nyengo zoopsa ndi sakanakhoza kukhala mwamsanga. "Choncho, Hawking wakhala apamwamba," - anati Maykl Mann, ndi zanyengo American pa Pennsylvania State University. - Earth ndi patsogolo ku Sun kuposa Venus, choncho sangathe kuona chomwecho zotsatira kutentha pamlingo womwewo, amene akukumana Venus ake, kuti ali Padziko Lapansi udzakhala ukuwira nyanja m'lingaliro lenileni. Komabe, vuto zambiri ambiri amene anakhudza Hawking, ndilo kuti dziko akhale aziopa moyo, ngati anthu sabwerera kusintha kwa nyengo oopsa ndi wamsanga. "

hothouse dziko

Venus - Ichi ndi dziko wachiwiri kuchokera Sun, ndipo dziko yowala mu System Dzuwa. Ngakhale chikutchedwa mulungu wachikazi wa Roma wa chikondi ndi chilakolako, simuyenera kukonzekera ulendo chikondi ndi mnzanu pa dziko lino lapansi posachedwapa. Ngakhale kuti kukula kwa Venus ndi pafupifupi yofanana ndi tinyumba tina Dziko Lapansi, ndipo kumeneko limapezeka yokoka zofanana, mwinamwake ndi wosiyana kwambiri Earth yodzaza madzi. Venus - izo ndi dziko yotentha mu dongosolo la zowalitsa, ndi kutentha kumeneko angafikire madigiri 466 Celsius. Chifukwa ngati kutentha ilipo wandiweyani wakuda mpweya wa carbon dioxide, zimene zimapezeka mu mtambo wa sulfuric acid. Choncho, m'mlengalenga zimatenga kutentha kwambiri kuposa m'mlengalenga. Komanso, Venus ndi oyandikira dzuwa chifukwa umene zimatenga cheza kuposa Dziko Lapansi. Ambiri mapiri yogwira ndi mzake basi enaake pa msewu kalasi Ada, amene ali Venus. Mfundo zikuluzikulu chiphunzitso chifukwa Venus kusanduka ku Gahena chimake mabodza chakuti dziko linali mu wosatha kuzungulira zinthu mkombero. Planet zimatenga cheza kuposa ankalankhula, chifukwa chimene zambiri nthunzi ya madzi anagwira losindikizidwa mu mlengalenga, womwe zinachititsa mayamwidwe yaikulu kuposa kutentha ndi kutentha zonse zomwe chikudziwika ngati tingati ndi kutentha. "Mwachidule, Venus analandira" kutentha sitiroko ": dzikoli zonse mkangano, koma sadathe ozizira" - anati Tyler Robinson, astrobiologist pa University of Washington.

An sewero chodziwikiratu Dziko Lapansi

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri mopepuka kukhalirira kwa nyengo dziko lapansi, dziko anakumana kusintha ambiri chidwi mbiri yake, kutalika kwa zaka mabiliyoni 4.5. Pa oxygenation mkulu kumene kunachitika biliyoni 2.5 zaka zapitazo, cyanobacteria photosynthesis chikwiyire chidwi kuwonjezeka kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa mumlengalenga. Mozungulira miliyoni 650 zaka zapitazo dziko chisanu kwathunthu, kukhala yaikulu snowball. Ndipo mu nthawi ya zinyamazi Padziko Lapansi kutentha anali avareji madigiri 10 Celsius kuposa tsopano, chifukwa mlengalenga komabe anali wolemera mu mpweya. A mpweya mpweya lalikulu wachititsa kupulula zambiri m'mbuyomo, mwachitsanzo, ikutha kumapeto kwa nyengo Permian, pafupifupi mamiliyoni 252 zapitazo, pamene moyo m'madzi za 95 peresenti anafa chifukwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a m'nyanja.

Earth sadzalola tsoka la Venus

Choncho si chopanda nzeru Tiyerekeze a yaikulu nyengo tsoka. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Zoterezi n'zokayikitsa kwambiri. Akuti njira yomweyo, amene unayambitsidwa pa Venus, zingachitike mu dziko, koma Dziwani kuti ndondomeko zimenezi zidzachitika mamiliyoni mazanamazana zaka. Choncho malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri. Komanso, n'zotheka kuti Nyanja zimathandizanso udzakhala ukuwira monga momwe nyanja pa Venus ndi otsika.

Amateteza Dziko Lapansili?

chakuti Earth zimatetezedwa ku cheza dzuwa chikhalidwe chimene chiri chosiyana kwambiri pa chikhalidwe cha Venus. "The zinkakhalira Venus ndi za zana nthawi thicker ndi lolemererapo kuposa m'mlengalenga, choncho Amakhala pafupi kwathunthu wa carbon dioxide," - anati Robinson. Yerekezerani zinkakhalira pa Dziko Lapansi imakhala kwakukulukulu wa asafe maselo ndi mpweya, ndipo peresenti 0,04 okha nkhani mpweya.

Land kale koipa

Popanda m'mlengalenga wandiweyani mpweya woipa ndi mlingo zina za kutentha kwa dzuwa, mosavuta kuti dziko nkhani mofanana pa Venus, ndi yaing'ono kwambiri. Palibe Poyembekezera zomveka mpweya ngati kutentha mwa mfundo zimene zimadziwika kuti anthu lero. Komanso, m'mbuyomu Padziko Lapansi anali otentha nyengo Mwachitsanzo, pa Eocene lothandiza (pakati pa zaka 56 ndi 34 miliyoni zapitazo). Masiku amenewo, zili mpweya woipa mu mlengalenga anali katatu kuposa izo ziri tsopano. Ngakhale ngati mukuganiza tsogolo la zonse magalimoto, ndege ndi mpweya zowongolera, palibe zitsanzo za nyengo sangathe kusonyeza mlingo wofanana mpweya woipa mu mlengalenga.

inde zoyipa script ndi

Kusalankhula Kufunda lero sikukutanthauza ndi owononga lonse lapansi. Komabe, pali nthawi zonse kuopseza zonyoza zimayenda mwadala. Dr. Zoipa akhoza kuyambitsa njira zomangamanga, zofanana ndi zimene akufuna kuti Kuwonjezera terraform Mars, koma lonse zimenezi ayenera kukhala yaikulu. Muyenera fluorocarbons, choncho Dr. Zoipa adzakhala ndi kukhazikitsa dziko chipembedzo, wodzipereka kwa zopatulika ntchito hairspray ndi perefyumu. Koma apa pakubwera vuto: kale mankhwala ena ogula aerosol ntchito fluorocarbons Komabe, pophika izi ailetsa ntchito mu makumi asanu ndi awiri mochedwa.

ngoziyo nyengo n'zotheka

Komabe, dziko sayenera kukhala Venus chachiwiri, kotero kuti amakhala osayenera moyo. Paris mgwirizano ndi chipilala chojambulidwa kugwira n'kumawotha digiri osachepera awiri Celsius pamwamba kutentha chisanadze mafakitale. Koma ngakhale mlingo anakhalabe kwa nthawi yaitali kungayambitse inasinthiratu kuti kale. Kusintha nyengo kungawononge zoopsa kuti m'chilengedwe lapadziko, komanso ulimi.