Nyama ndi zomera steppe. Omnivores steppe ndi zizindikiro zawo. Monga zomera kusinthidwa mu chipululu

Steppe - osakaniza nyengo zodabwitsa ndi zochititsa chidwi malo. Iwo captivates ndi kukongola ndi expanses lalikulu la tsoka. Kungakhale mayang'anidwe yaitali mu mtunda ndi kuona yekha Mzere wochenjera mapiri pafupi. nyama wapadera ndi zomera steppe, iwo ndi chidwi, osati mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso luso lawo kuti azolowere moyo wotere achilendo. Steppe - m'dziko wapadera, kuphunzira moyo mmene ntchito odzipereka asayansi ambiri.

Dera la steppe ndi

Zikhalidwe mapangidwe steppe pamalo ena ali mbali ya mpumulo ndi ena zinthu zina zomwe kudziwa nyengo chopatsa chinyezi osakwanira nthaka. mode izi zikhoza kuchita zimenezi pa chaka, kapena kuoneka yekha mu nyengo zina. Chifukwa cha mbali mu steppe zomera zikuoneka kaya masika oyambirira pamene madzi nthaka kukhala mwakuya nthaka, kapena mu mvula, zomwe, ngakhale kuti si amasiyana yambiri mpweya, koma amatha zomera ndi chinyezi. Ena mitundu ya zomera zikhoza kusinthidwa kuti moyo mpaka kalekale zinthu la kusowa kwa madzi. Choncho, steppe woyendera nthambi - dera inayake ya zomera, makamaka udzu monga chimanga. m'madera Forest ngati zili otsika, kumene chifukwa accumulations chisanu anapereka kuchuluka chinyezi nthaka. Kunja otsika, monga mitsinje, mikhalidwe kwa zikamera ya m'nkhalango adzatha, monga dothi m'dera limeneli ndi kouma. Mu nyengo subtropical m'chipululu angaoneke zitsamba.

m'madera steppe angapezeke pa mayiko onse kupatula Antarctica basi. Iwo m'dera la pakati pa nkhalango ndi malo achipululu. Steppe malo kupangidwa mwa mabacteria subtropical ndi kotentha wa hemispheres onse. Nthaka m'chipululu - ndi ambiri wakuda nthaka. Kum'mwera mungapeze dothi mgoza ndi m'madambo mchere.

Pa chaka, woyendera nthambi steppe, zomera ndi nyama zomwe amakhala wosowa chinyezi, alandira 400 mamilimita mvula. Komabe, mu nthawi ya chilala mvula kawirikawiri, kwa chaka buku awo angafikire 200 mm. Malinga ndi malo Hrs kuchuluka kwa steppes chinyezi zosiyana kwambiri iliyonse nyengo. M'madera kumadzulo mvula mosakondera wogawana ndi mwezi. Mu kum'mawa anatsimikiza ndi osachepera kuchuluka kwa mvula nthawi yozizira ndi zambiri za momwe mungathanirane m'chilimwe.

mphamvu kwambiri kuti azolowere zovuta za moyo m'chipululu anapatsa nyama chikhalidwe ndi zomera za steppes cha Kazakhstan. Kudera louma, mvula pachaka ndi 279 mm. Mu chaka chino yonyowa sitingakhoze kuwabweretsa iwo kwa 576 mm, ndipo amalandira mamilimita 135 okha mu nthawi ya chilala. Kawirikawiri patatha mvula wolemera, izo zedi chaka youma.

Nyengo mu chipululu

Mu steppe pali kusinthasintha lakuthwa kutentha, malinga onse pa nyengo ndi nthawi ya tsiku. Steppe zomera ndi nyama zimadalira kwambiri pa kusintha. Chilimwe m'chipululu ndi otentha kwambiri, kudawala dzuwa. Kutentha pafupifupi mu July mu dera la kumadzulo kwa Ulaya pakati pa 21 ndi 26 madigiri. Kummawa kufunika kwake ukufika madigiri 26. M'dzinja kutentha wayamba kusiya zikuchepa yozizira. M'madera a kum'mawa kwa chisanu steppe zikuoneka kumapeto kwa October. Black Sea zone, ndi lililonse limatisokoneza nyengo yake, yokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa mochedwa November. Choncho, zonse zamoyo m'madera amenewa amatha kukhala mu zinthu sizimadziwika nyengo, monga zomera herbaceous steppe kugonjetsedwa osati kuti chilala, komanso frosts amphamvu.

Nthawi zambiri, malire a kasupe ndi autumn zinthu steppe zovuta kudziwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa kusiyana lalikulu pakati pa kutentha mpweya masana ndi usiku. Pakutha September, kusiyana ndi kutchulidwa kwambiri oscillation matalikidwe angafikire madigiri 25. Limadziwa yozizira ali anaphwa, n'zotheka ndi kuyang'ana pa zomera steppe. M'chaka, chifukwa dzuwa ndi dziko lapansi, ankawaviika pambuyo chisanu chimasungunula, m'dziko limene munzere zokongola pamanja. Large kusiyana kutentha zimawonedwa mu nyengo zosiyana. kutentha mu chipululu m'chilimwe madigiri +5, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira zikhoza kusiya kwa -50. Choncho, mu chipululu poyerekeza mabacteria zina nyengo, monga chipululu, pazipita ananena kusinthasintha kutentha.

Khalidwe la steppe ndi kusintha mwadzidzidzi nyengo mu umodzi ndipo nthawi yomweyo ya chaka. A m'firiji pamtunda mwadzidzidzi kuyamba mu April kapena November ndi pakati pa chirimwe chotentha mwadzidzidzi chaukali ozizira chithunzithunzi. Izi zikachitika, zomera steppe ndi nyama anafunika kupirira pazipita ndi mikhalidwe yapadera kuti kuwalola kuti azolowere masiyanidwe nyengo.

The mitsinje steppe ndi

Large mitsinje zonse osefukira steppes ndi - m'chipani. A rivulet yaing'ono kovuta kuti muthane ndi nyengo sizimadziwika, iwo mwamsanga adzauma. Njira yokhayo kuwadzutsanso - zaka mvula wolemera lolemera. Chilimwe mvula zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa madzi m'mitsinje atayanika mmwamba, ngati ife sindikuyankhula za yamvumbi lapansi. Koma nthawi yophukira mvula kupitiriza kwa masabata, angathe kuonjezera madutsidwe cha mitsinje yaing'ono. Zonsezi complicates miyoyo ya nyama mu chipululu, lomwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti azolowere wosaperewera madzi. Zomera steppe yodziwika ndi mizu yaitali nthambi umene umalowa mu nthaka akuya kwambiri, kumene ngakhale chilala zikhale yonyowa.

Nthawi yokhayo pamene ngakhale pafupifupi adzauma mitsinje timasintha n'kukhala mitsinje wamphamvu mkokomo, kasupe madzi osefukira. ndege ya madzi mkokomo pa steppe ndi, eroding nthaka. Imathandiza kuti kusowa izi nkhalango, limatsogolera mofulumira pansi dzuwa lotentha la steppe chisanu kulima.

Madzi steppe maukonde zimasiyanasiyana malinga malo m'mayiko ambiri. steppe woyendera nthambi mu Europe atagonjetsa ndi tinjira mitsinje yaing'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe. Pa m'dera la Western Siberia ndi steppes la Kazakhstan ali ndi unyolo nyanja yaing'ono. Pa malo a Siberia-Kazakhstan steppe ndi imodzi mwa masango dziko lonse la nyenyezi. Iwo chifukwa cha pafupifupi 25 chikwi. Mwa nyanja awa pali mayiwe ndi digiri iliyonse ya mineralization: atsopano, patsogolo amchere owawa ndi mchere madzi.

The zosiyanasiyana malo steppe

Mu mphambano iliyonse ya zone lapansi steppe ali makhalidwe yake. nyama ndiponso zomera zosiyanasiyana za steppe m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mu Europe ndi ku Asia, malo ndi malo khalidwe otchedwa steppes. M'madera steppe zomera North America ndi udindo wa m'chigwachi. Mu America South, iwo amatchedwa pampas, ku New Zealand wotchedwa tussokami steppe. Aliyense wa mabacteria awa ndi wosiyana ndi nyengo kudziŵa zenizeni zomera ndi nyama zamoyo kuti alipo m'gawo.

Pampa ndi ambiri mu Argentina. Ndi subtropical steppe gawo ndi nyengo chokhala. Chilimwe m'madera amenewa otentha, pafupifupi kutentha ranges ku madigiri 20 kuti 24. Iwo pang'onopang'ono yozizira wofatsa vs. kutentha zabwino madigiri 6 mpaka 10. The kum'mawa kwa Pampa ku Argentina wolemera chinyezi, chaka pano kugwa kuchokera mamilimita 800 kwa 950 mvula. mbali ya kumadzulo ya Pampas Argentine amalandira mpweya mu nthawi 2 ang'onoang'ono. Pampa ku Argentina - malo a dothi lachonde chernozem, pabuka kapena imvi bulauni. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi maziko a chitukuko cha ulimi ndi nyama husbandry mu dziko.

Mminda ya North America ofanana mu nyengo ya steppes la Europe ndi ku Asia. Mvula pachaka m'dera pakati pa nkhalango deciduous ndi mwachindunji tchire pafupifupi 800 mm. Kumpoto, izo yafupika 500 mm, ndi kum'mwera mpaka 1000. Mu zaka youma, mvula yafupika ndi kotala. Zima kutentha tchire osiyana kwambiri malinga ndi ufulu wa kuti kumene kuli tchire m'deralo. Mu madera a kummwera kwa kutentha nthawi yozizira ndi zambiri osati poyerekeza 0 digiri, ndi M'madera a zitunda kumpoto akhoza kufika osachepera ake - madigiri 50.

M'chigawo cha New Zealand, wotchedwa tussokami, mpweya pa chaka kugwa pang'ono kwambiri, nthawi zina 330 mm. Izi malo - mmodzi wa driest, malinga ndi nyengo yake, iwo amafanana ndi theka chipululu.

Nyama ndi mbalame steppe

Mu steppe, ngakhale kuti mavuto ndipo sizimadziwika, nyama zosiyanasiyana moyo. steppe woyendera nthambi ya Europe ndi ku Asia ndi kunyumba kwa pafupifupi 90 mitundu ya nyama. mmodzi mwa atatu nambala iyi imapezeka mu chipululu, nyama otsala asamukira ku madera awa ochokera m'madera moyandikana wa deciduous ndi chipululu mayiko. nyama zonse Modabwitsa ndinazolowera moyo mu nyengo yapadera ndi malo chodabwitsa. Steppe yodziwika ndi ambiri makoswe kukhalamo. Zikuphatikizapo agologolo pansi, hamsters, voles, mbewa, gerbils, ndi ena ambiri. Ambiri mu chipululu ndi yaing'ono ogwirira: nkhandwe, ferrets, weasels, martens. Bwino ndinazolowera zikhalidwe za steppe nyengo omnivores steppe - urchins.

Kuwonjezera nyama, imapezeka mu chipululu, pali ena toyesa wa mbalame, komanso wapadera dera limeneli. Komabe, si kwambiri, ndi kulima kumabweretsa mofulumira awo pang'onopang'ono. M'miyoyo steppe bustard, mu dziko lathu, izo Tingaone mu Trans-Baikal ndi dera Saratov, ndi bustard pang'ono, lomwe likupezeka mu Urals kum'mwera, mu Middle ndi wotsika Volga. Pamaso pa kulima malo a woyendera nthambi steppe kukumana demoiselle Crane ndi imvi partridge. Panopa mbalame akope maso a munthu kawirikawiri.

pali zambiri zimadya mwa mbalame mu steppe lapansi. Awa ndi mbalame zikuluzikulu: steppe mphungu, khwangwala, golide mphungu, khwangwala. Komanso akuluakulu a mbalame yaing'ono: hawks, kabawi, kestrel.

Adakondweretsa ndi nyimbo zake mu steppe larks, lapwings, mwala curlew. mitundu ya mbalame zimene zimakhala mabacteria chigumula pa malire ndi nkhalango deciduous kapena pafupi nyanja ndi mitsinje, asamukira mu zone steppe ya m'nkhalango.

The nzika za steppes ndi - zokwawa

Steppe malo sikutheka kulingalira popanda nawo moyo nyama. mtundu wawo, pali zambiri, koma zokwawa awa ali mbali ya steppe lapansi.

Imodzi mwa oimira yowala zapoizoni steppe - zheltobryuhy wothamanga. Ndi pafupifupi ziwiri mita, m'malo wandiweyani ndi lalikulu njoka. Iwo amakhala ndi ndewu zosaneneka. Mosiyana ndi njoka kwambiri pamsonkhano ndi munthu wina safuna kuti imakwawa msanga nakunkhunizira ndi hissed mokweza, amaponyera yekha adani. Akuluakulu kuwonongeka kwa wothamanga chifukwa munthu sangathe, izo kulumidwa ndi si owopsa. nkhondoyi adzatha mwachisoni, mwina, chifukwa wothamanga kwambiri. zokwawa izi chifukwa cha mokwiya ake pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutha kwa madera steppe.

Wothamanga Zheltobryuhogo Tingaone pa malo otsetsereka miyala, bwino analimbikitsa dzuwa. M'madera ena chokwawa angamasuke kwambiri ndipo amasangalala kusaka pano.

Wina njoka, mmene steppe - ndi mamba. pogona ake anasiya kamakumba una wa makoswe ang'ono. Nyoka zokhudza, makamaka usiku ndi usiku pa otentha maola masana adder basking dzuwa, anatambasula pa otsetsereka miyala. chokwawa Izi wosafuna kumvetsa ndi mwamunayo, ndipo pa atamuona zothaŵa. Ngati mosadziwa mwatsatane pa mamba, nthawi yomweyo ambwandile wapaulendo osasamalira, kusiya kuluma chakupha pa thupi lake.

The steppe ndi kunyumba kwa abuluzi zambiri, zosiyanasiyana mitundu. Izi zokwawa nimble kamvuluvulu liwiro zapitazi, shimmering mu dzuwa mitundu chodabwitsa.

Safe pogona - njira yopulumukira m'chipululu

Katundu steppe nyama walangizidwa apulumuke zinthu kovuta. Adakhoza atengere poyera lathyathyathya mtunda, kutentha, pakalibe lalikulu zosiyanasiyana za chakudya, kusowa kwa madzi.

Kufunika pogona otetezeka - izi ndi zimene ogwirizana nyama zonse. steppe woyendera nthambi akalipo mwangwiro, ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono sadzatha kuthawa kwa adani popanda pogona wabwino. Monga m'misasa kwambiri nyama steppe ntchito kamakumba una imene ndi nthawi yambiri ndi. Nora Kodi osati kuteteza zomera ndi mavuto, koma kumathandizanso kuti abuluke nyengo, ndi malo nyama pa nthawi ya hibernation. Kumeneko nyama kukula ana awo, kuteteza ku mavuto kwina. Kukumba mabowo akaganizira lokha bwino kwa makoswe kwambiri: mbewa, hamsters, voles. Iwo ngakhale mu nthaka youma olimba, mabowo tadulidwa mosavuta.

Kuwonjezera makoswe, malo otetezeka mtunda mosabisa ndi nyama zazikulu wosowa. Nkhandwe ndi yoongoka komanso kukumba kamakumba una ndipo anthu oimira zinyama kuti sangathe kukumba dzenje paokha, kuyesera pa winawake. Malo a nkhandwe kawirikawiri Mwachitsanzo, mimbulu yolusa, ndipo mu kamakumba una lalikulu agologolo pansi padziko ogwirira kakang'ono - stoats ndi ferrets, ndi njoka. Maenje ndi kubisalira kuopsa ngakhale mbalame monga sadzu kadzidzi. Mbalame zisa kumanga mwachindunji pansi, chifukwa nooks ndi crannies mu thanthwe kapena mtengo dzenje m'chipululu basi sanawapeze.

Khala dzenje ake sizigwira ntchito, chifukwa kufunika kufunafuna chakudya. Aliyense steppe nyama kusinthasintha ake ndi kuopseza zonse kwa adani.

Akuluakulu a zinyama amatha kuthamanga mofulumira. Zikuphatikizapo mphalapala, kalulu, mbewa yoyenda modumpha. Protection njira komanso utoto. Steppe nyama ndi mchenga imvi ubweya kapena nthenga, amene amalola iwo kuti aime ndi kumudzi wa.

Anthu a woyendera nthambi steppe amakhala ndi ng'ombe chibadwa. Hoofed nyama msipu pansi pa maso diso la mtsogoleri wawo, zimene zinachitikira ngozi yomweyo kupereka chizindikiro, ndipo gulu amazembera pa mpando. The e.g. modabwitsa mosamala, gophers. Tsopano ndiyeno anayang'ana pozungulira, afufuze zimene zikuchitika. Kumva chilichonse zokayikitsa njale yomweyo awadziwitse achibale ndipo pomwepo kubisala kamakumba una awo. Liwiro ndipo anachita yomweyo amalola nyama zambiri kukhala invulnerable ngakhale poyera.

nyengo Kukangana

Yotengedwa nyama ndi kusintha kutentha masana. Phokoso izi anatsimikiza nyama ntchito pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. The yabwino kwambiri kwa mbalame oyambirira maola m'mawa, nyama kutuluka kamakumba una wawo m'mawa ndi madzulo. Ambiri mwa nyama amamuchititsa kubisala kwa cheza kutentha kwa dzuwa mu kamakumba una masana. Kupatulapo ali ngati zokwawa kuti mukufuna kugona miyala yotentha.

Ndi njira ya moyo yozizira mu chimazilala chipululu. Ambiri mwa nyama amakhala matalala kwa zaka ozizira, pamene mu kamakumba una awo. Choncho kudikira masika gophers, hedgehogs, jerboas, zokwawa komanso tizilombo. Mbalame ndi zibonga kusiya kwa zimabisala mu climes otentha. Anthu makoswe amene m'nyengo yozizira, kuonera kuwonjezera chakudya. Hamsters kutsindikiza kubweretsa mdzenje ake kuti makilogalamu angapo a tirigu. makoswe Mole kudyetsedwa yozizira onse anapeza pa dzinja zomera mizu ndi zipatso zokwana. Steppe mbewa Mwachitsanzo, ambiri safuna kuwonjezera pamwamba m'nyengo yozizira. Isanafike isanayambike nyengo yozizira, amabisa mu kuya kwa makilogalamu nthaka ya tirigu ndi kudya iwo onse yozizira, kutenga malo a "nyumba yosungiramo katundu" chisa.

Kufunafuna wosatha kwa madzi

Nyama ndi zomera steppe amakakamizidwa kuti azolowere kuchepa zonse madzi. Aliyense amavutikira vutoli mosiyanasiyana. Hoofed nyama ndi mbalame zimatha kupeza gwero la kumwa maulendo ataliatali. Gerbil, mbewa yoyenda modumpha, gophers ndi makoswe ena kudya udzu yowutsa mudyo, kuthetsa njala madzi. Derali, tikukhala mu chipululu, kuchita popanda madzi, chifukwa anapereka kuchuluka Napempha kwa kudyedwa ndi nyama. Mbali chodabwitsa ndi immunodeficient ndi nyumba mbewa. Iwo amadya okha anaphwetsera mbewu za zomera, ndi madzi opangidwa ndi kuyenga wapadera kudya wowuma thupi lake.

Yotengedwa nyama ndi kusowa chakudya. M'gulu la anthu steppes ndi anthu ambiri amene akhoza kudya zonse nyama ndi zomera zakudya. Omnivores steppe - ndi nkhandwe, ndi hedgehogs, mitundu ina ya nyama zokwawa komanso mbalame kudya zipatso ndi tizilombo.

zomera steppe

Features zomera steppe - amatha kukhalapo mu zikhalidwe za kupanda chinyezi, limene kwa mitundu yambiri ya zomera ndi zoopsa. mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya zomera mu chipululu:

1. forbs.

2. fescue-nthenga udzu.

3. chowawa-monga chimanga.

m'madera wosakaniza udzu Tingaone mu kumpoto. Ndi kunyezimira woyamba wa dzuwa pambuyo chivundikiro chisanu zomera oyambirira-maluwa kuoneka steppe - udzu ndi sedge, akuyamba pachimake pasqueflower. Mkati mwa sabata ya steppe lonse wothwanima mfundo golide adonis. Izo zitenga kanthawi, ndipo dziko kwa kaja kwasanduka zobiriwira pamphasa wobiriwira udzu zobiriwira. Forb zomera steppe m'chaka kwenikweni wokongola! M'nyengo yotentha m'dera adzakhala nthawi kusintha mtundu wake. Mwina yokutidwa ndi maluwa nezabudok, ragwort, daisies. Mwa mwezi wa July, pamene pali maluwa salvia, steppe sindikudziwa basi - kumakhaladi mdima wofiirira. Maluwa malekezero mu mochedwa July, chinyezi mbewu amakhala osakwanira, ndipo iwo adzauma.

Chitsanzo steppe zomera, makamaka m'madera ndi nyengo kwambiri louma, ndi nthenga. Iwo ali pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya chilala zosagwira. Chifukwa mizu yaitali nthambi, likulowerera kwambiri mu nthaka, nthenga amatha kuyamwa onse a chinyezi likupezeka mu nthaka. Masamba a zomera ndi yaitali, anapinda mu chubu. Chifukwa mawonekedwe chotero zing'onozing'ono akwaniritsa evaporation cha chinyezi kuchokera pamwamba pa chipepalacho. Maluwa nthenga limodzi ndi maonekedwe a maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Chipatso cha mmera okonzeka ndi mtundu wa mafuta furry umene mbewu nthenga udzu kufalitsa pa maulendo ataliatali kudutsa mu nthaka. Izi zimachitika ndi kupotoza ndi ndondomeko untwisting, umene tili m'mavuto mu youma olimba. Nthenga - chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha mmene zomera kuti ndinazolowera steppe lapansi. Mphepo amanyamula mbewu za mbewu makilomita ambiri ndi chifukwa luso mbewu kudutsa mu nthaka m'madera ena anapanga m'madera ambiri, anapangidwa ndi nthenga.

Ngati zomera kuti kukula chaka chilichonse ndipo kumapeto kwa dzinja adzauma, osati kudula, nthaka pang'onopang'ono anapanga wosanjikiza humus. Nkofunika kuti udzu ndi maluwa, ndi kuti ali kulimbana kupulumuka mu zikhalidwe za kupanda chinyezi.

Nyama ndi zomera Russian steppes zosiyanasiyana komanso zodabwitsa. Zimatuluka dzuwa chilimwe tsiku kukongola kamodzi, nthawi yaitali anasiya okumbukira zodabwitsa analengedwa ndi chikhalidwe.