Mankhwala "ketamine": malangizo ntchito, maonekedwe, zikuchokera ndi ndemanga

Pofuna kuchita opaleshoni iliyonse, dokotala ayenera kukonzekera mwapadera amene ali katundu analgesic. Ndiko kuti, mankhwala ochititsa zimenezo. Mmodzi wa awa ndi "Ketamine". Malangizo ntchito mankhwala ayenera bwinobwino anaphunzira asanapatsidwe kwa anthu wodwala.

mafotokozedwe General ndi zikuchokera mankhwala

thunthu ndi madzi amene ali azioneka pang'ono kapena palibe mtundu. 1 ml ya sing'anga uyu zili 57,6 mg wa ketamine. zosakaniza zina zikhoza olekanitsidwa benzalkonium enaake, sodium, ndi madzi kudzera m'jekeseni.

Ntchito mankhwala makonzedwe mu mnofu kapena mtsempha. Ngati muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito "Ketamine" malangizo Buku limanena za mitundu ina kupanga:

- Ampules zikutanthauza okwana pafupifupi 2 ml. phukusi lili 5 vayozi.

- mabotolo 5 ml.

The kanthu pharmacological mankhwala

Thunthu pano ali wabwino analgesic zotsatira, zomwe Komabe, sukhala yaitali. Komanso, "Ketamine" (malangizo ntchito njira ili pa phukusi) sangathe kupereka mlingo woyenera wa analgesia kwa ntchito m'mimba. Pa utsogoleli wa mankhwala imathetsa kuzunza mokwanira ndi kumeza chifuwa ndi laryngeal bongo opulumutsidwa. Pambuyo utsogoleli wa mankhwala wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro izi: BP, m'mnyewa wamtima contractility. Chigoba minofu kamvekedwe mu nkhani iyi si yafupika.

Pambuyo pa mapeto a mankhwala pa anthu pali kugona, zomwe kungakhale kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, maloto omveka kwambiri. Komanso, nditamaliza zotsatira mankhwala ochititsa wodwalayo malo zimasochera. Nthawiyi ndi kupitiriza kwa maola 8. Ngati inu kutenga chinthu molumikizana ndi antipsychotics, onse zotsatira kuchepetsa mwamphamvu zawo ndi kuwala. The pazipita n'loonadi nthawi ya maola 2-3.

Pakuti makonzedwe mu mnofu, amenewa akhoza zochuluka. zotsatira zake mankhwala kumayambira mphindi 10. Tikumbukenso kuti mlingo mankhwala a 1 mg / kg akhoza ziletsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphindi 6 zokha. Pofuna kukwaniritsa 25 mphindi mankhwala ochititsa tingati m'pofunika kuti atchule 4-8 mg / kg. "Ketamine" (malangizo ntchito - chiongoko chenicheni kuchitapo kanthu) ali inafalitsidwa thupi lonse ndi likulowerera magazi ubongo chotchinga. Ndipo plasma mapuloteni izo chimamanga kuti% 12 okha. Hafu ya moyo wa chinthu 2 koloko. Anasonyeza mankhwala ndi excreted mu mkodzo ngakhale pang'ono metabolites zingaoneke mu thupi kwa masiku angapo.

zikuonetsa

Ngati dokotala wanu waganiza anasankha "Ketamine hydrochloride", malangizo Buku kudzakuthandizani zambiri ndi zizindikiro ntchito mankhwala. akhoza kusiyana pakati pawo ndi:

• opaleshoni njira ina kuposa nthawi yochepa. Pa nthawi yomweyo kufunika zosangalatsa minofu zilibe kanthu. Makamaka, izo zikusonyeza anthu amene amayenda mochedwerako magazi anati.

• Mayendedwe a odwala zipatala zina.

• Kufunika kwa mankhwala a ochititsa dzanzi zofunika.

• kuwotcha chithandizo.

• Kukonza ndi mpheto malangizo, yomwe INGATHE kuyambitsa kupweteka kwambiri.

• Kufunika kugwiritsa ntchito mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa cha mantha zoopsa, amataya magazi.

• unsembe wa catheter mu mtima.

• Kaisara gawo kapena opaleshoni matenda.

• Zopangira mwai nyama.

contraindications

Ngati inu anatumizidwa "Ketamine" malangizo ntchito (ntchito Chowona Zanyama mankhwala awa mpata) limanena zokhudza contraindications awa:

1. Zinthu mkulu kudziwa m'nyanjazi wa mankhwala.

2. wolumikizira oopsa, imene pali kuwonjezeka kulimbikira kuthamanga.

3. m'mnyewa wamtima infarction kapena angina mu miyezi isanu ndi imodzi.

4. chokhwima kwambiri aimpso insufficiency.

5. Violation wa magazi mu ubongo.

6. limati convulsive ndi khunyu, kuphatikizapo ana.

7. Kutenga mimba ndi mkaka wa m'mawere.

8. Uchidakwa.

osamala kwambiri kuti odwala amene kuonetsa aakulu mtima kulephera, ndi amene ayenera kugwira ntchito pa pharynx kapena m'phuno. Pankhaniyi, izo zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito anasiya.

Features ndi mlingo

mankhwalawa angathe kuperekedwa mu mtsempha (bolus kukapanda kuleka) kapena IM. Ngati opaleshoni ikuchitika akuluakulu, m'pofunika kuti atchule chinthu m'nsinga. Kuchuluka kukonzekera ndi 2-3 mg / kg pa thupi. Ngati mukufuna mu mnofu jekeseni, ndiye pali ayenera 4-8 mg / kulemera makilogalamu thupi. Bwino mankhwala ochititsa inatenga zina kuperekedwa "Ketamine" njira pa 2 mg / kg pa paola. Ngati dropper applicable, yankho 0.1% umayamba pa mlingo wa madontho 20-50 mphindi.

Kufotokozera ndi Wosuta "Ketamine" ayenera kuzifotokoza kwa makolo ngati opaleshoni ikuchitika mwana. Pankhaniyi lokonzekera angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko kapena mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi zofunika. Ngati Yachiwiri amusankha, ndiye mankhwala ayenera kuikidwa intramuscularly kapena kudzera m'mitsempha. zikutanthauza mlingo zimadalira zaka mwana ndipo 8-12 mg / kg pa makanda, 6-10 mg / kg pa - mwanayo chaka 1 mpaka zaka 6, za 4-8 mg / kg pa - ana wamkulu ndipo achinyamata. Ngati ntchito mtsempha jekeseni, ndiye ayenera akabweretsa 3.2 mg / kg pa, ndi nthawi Kuwonjezera mankhwala mu ntchito.

Kumapangitsanso kanthu za mankhwala ndi zotheka ndi thandizo la "Fentanyl", "promedolom", "droperidol." Pa mlingo uwu "Ketamine" kwenikweni yafupika.

zotsatira zomwe zapathengo kumachitika?

Ngati dokotala n'kofunika kugwiritsa ntchito "Ketamine" malangizo Buku (. Mtengo wa mankhwala ndi pafupifupi 150 rubles) limatichenjeza wa pakutchulidwa zotheka mosiyanasiyana chowawa:

• Tachycardia ndi kuwonjezeka mu chipsyinjo.

• Kugwiritsa kuwonjezeka salivation.

• The zikamera wa kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo ndi aakulu psychomotor mukubwadamuka pa kumasuka ku ochititsa dzanzi.

• kupuma movutikira ndi maganizo kupuma.

• Ululu.

• Kodi redness pa malo jekeseni.

• Disorientation m'malere.

Ngati panali mankhwala ambiri osokoneza bongo, angagwe maganizo kupuma. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuchita kupuma yokumba. Ngati pali matenda convulsive, ndiye amachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chida monga "ntchito diazepam".

Kusamala

Pambuyo utsogoleli wa mankhwala kwa wodwala kukhala masana kapena kuchita zinthu zilizonse zangozi kuti zikuyenela tcheru. Palibe musati kuyendetsa galimoto. Kuwonjezera:

• Never co-ka mankhwala anapatsidwa barbiturates.

• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala angakhoze kokha oyenerera dokotala. Kugula mu pharmacies popanda dongosolo, inu simungakhoze. Ndi ntchito mankhwala okhawo mu ambulansi kapena m'dera kuchipatala.

• «atropine" ingagwiritsidwe chifukwa kuti kuchepetsa salivation.

• Pamene ntchito mankhwalawa muyenera nthawi zonse kuwunika kupuma wodwalayo, makamaka chapamwamba ntchito kupuma thirakiti ngati n'kotheka kuphipha a minofu masticatory.

• «ntchito diazepam" zimathandiza kuchepetsa mosavuta musanaganizire kukokana kwa minofu, komanso kumathandiza kanthu psychomimetic.

Pankhani osakaniza ndi mankhwala ena, "Ketamine" kuti azimveka zotsatira za chomwa mankhwalawa analgesics mtundu, anxiolytics ndi zinthu zina kuti akhoza ziletsa ntchito kwa CNS.

Reviews, analogs ndi mbali yosungirako

Ngati mukufuna opaleshoni, ndi dzanzi angagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa monga "Ketamine". Malangizo ntchito (mu mbale munali 2 ml ya chiphunzitso ntchito zambiri) komanso amapereka analogs, kumene kungakhale zikuchokera chomwecho. Mwina mankhwala ena okhala yemweyo yogwira pophika, lidzayenere kwambiri. Pakati pa analogues akhoza ankanena: "Kalipsol", "Ketanest", "Ketalar".

Khalani mankhwala pa malo ozizira pomwe ana sangafikire. Mukhozanso mankhwala okha ndi mankhwala, pamene ntchito yake koletsedwa kunyumba. yosungirako kutentha sayenera oposa 30 madigiri. Kenaka mankhwala kwenikweni mwamphamvu chatsekedwa. Alumali moyo zakuthupi ndi miyezi 24.

Pankhani ndemanga cha odwala, iwo ali osiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mbali zabwino imatengedwa mphamvu ya mankhwala chifukwa wodwala safuna kumva ululu. Komabe, zotsatira za mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi zosasangalatsa kwambiri. Kuchoka kwa mankhwala, malinga ambiri odwala, ndi kulemedwa mtima ndithu.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zinthu zonse za mankhwala "ketamine". Malangizo ntchito, mtengo, ndemanga si chinsinsi kwa inu. Khalani wathanzi!