Pacific: mpumulo pansi. Features za mpumulo wa pansi Pacific Ocean

Mpumulo wa chidwi nyanja pansi ofufuza ambiri, kutenga nkhani yakuti mbali imeneyi akadali asanamvetsetse. Mulimonsemo, pali chinsinsi ndi zosamvetsetseka ku mawonedwe zodabwitsa sayansi kuti akubisa ndi Pacific Ocean. Pansi zimachititsa chilumbachi wa gawo ili la nyanja dziko ali ndi chidwi kwambiri asayansi padziko lonse, ndi enviable pafupipafupi anakonza kuphunzira mutu ofanana. Kuti Maulendo sayansi kuphunzira pansi pa Pacific Ocean, zotsatira, imene pa nthawi ina unasinthiratu kumvetsetsa anthu osati za pansi, komanso za Geological Kapangidwe ka Earth ambiri.

zikuluzikulu nsanja

Features ya Pacific Ocean pansi zimachititsa chilumbachi anadabwa ofufuza ambiri. Koma pamene izo zifika dongosolo, muyenera kuyamba ndi mfundo "nsanja nyanja." Likuimira mbali zina za kotekisi, amene akhala anataya sayenda awo ndi luso mapindikidwe. Asayansi amasiyana ndi anthu mbali zina za pansi pa madzi, zomwe adakali wotakataka mokwanira, ndipo tsopano - geosyncline. Izi zigawo yogwira kotekisi ndi lofala Pacific, ndicho mu gawo la kumadzulo.

"Mphete ya moto"

Kodi otchedwa "mphete ya moto"? Ndipotu, ndi Pacific ali pakati kwambiri, ndicho chimene icho chiri zimasiyana anansi ake. Kuti mungodziwa, pa dziko panopa mayina pafupifupi 600 mapiri, koma 418 wa iwo ili m'mphepete mwa Pacific Ocean.

Pali mapiri, amene sasiya ntchito zake chiwawa, ngakhale mu nthawi yathu. Zimenezi zikukhudzana kwenikweni kwa phiri lotchuka Fuji, komanso Klyuchevskoy mapiri. Pali mapiri amene mokwanira yaitali nawobe semblance wa bata, koma pa nthawi ina akhoza kwambiri lidzasinthidwa mizukwa moto kupuma. Mwachitsanzo, limanena za kuphulika monga Bandai-San ku Japan. Chifukwa cha kudzutsidwa zimakhudzanso midzi angapo.

Asayansi ngakhale mayina ndi phiri mu Pacific Ocean.

Mapiri kudzutsidwa "mphete ya moto"

Kuwonjezera wotchuka ndi odziwika padziko lonse kudzutsidwa kuphulika Bandai-San ali kwambiri milandu ofanana zalembedwa. Mwachitsanzo, phiri mayina, ili mwa malo a Kamchatka, analengeza yekha kwa dziko mu 1950s ndi. Pamene iye anauka kwa zaka tulo, seismologists akhoza kukalembetsa za 150-200 zivomezi patsiku.

kuphulika ake anakhudzidwa ofufuza ambiri, ena mwa iwo akanatha ina kunena motsimikiza kuti anali mmodzi wa paroxysms mwamphamvu kwambiri chiphala Mu zaka zapitazo. Chinthu chokha chimene amasangalala, ndi kupanda kuphulika m'dera la midzi anthu ndi anthu.

Ndipo apa pali wina "chilombo" - Ruiz kuphulika ku Colombia. kudzutsidwa wake anapha anthu oposa 20 zikwi.

Islands Chihawayani

Ndipotu, zimene tikuona ndi chabe kunsonga ya madzi oundana amene abisa ya Pacific Ocean. Features mpumulo izo zigwirizana makamaka chakuti pakati chimafikira unyolo mokwanira yaitali mapiri. Ndipo kuti ndi zilumba za ku Hawaii ndi msonga ya m'madzi Hawaii Ridge, amene ankaona waukulu chiphala kudzikundikira kutalika makilomita oposa 2,000.

Chihawayani Ridge akutambasula mpaka Midway ndi Kure, zomwe zili kumpoto chakumadzulo.

Hawaii yokha tichipeza asanu mapiri yogwira Popeza kutsekedwa, kutalika kwa ena a iwo akhoza kukhala woposa makilomita anayi. Zimenezi zikukhudzana kwenikweni kwa mapiri a m'phiri la Mauna Kea ndi phiri la Mauna Loa. Chinthu chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti ngati mukufuna kuyeza kutalika kwa phiri phiri la Mauna Loa ndi chokhacho, amene ali pansi pa nyanja, likukhalira kuti kutalika kwake ndi makilomita oposa khumi.

Ngalande za Pacific Ocean

Kwambiri ndimasewera nyanja ndi kubisala zinsinsi zambiri - ichi ndi Pacific Ocean. Thandizo pansi ndi zodabwitsa yosiyanasiyana ake ndipo ndi kuswana pansi kulingalira kuti asayansi ambiri maganizo.

Mokulirapo inakwaniritsidwa pa Pacific Ocean ngalande, amene ali akuya mamita 4300, maphunziro ofanana ndi zinthu zambiri zochititsa chidwi za kafukufuku wa sayansi. The odziwika bwino kwambiri padziko lonse - Challenger, Galatea, Emden, Cape Johnson, Planet, Snell, Tuscarora, Rama. Mwachitsanzo, Challenger ali akuya mamita 11 zikwi 33, kenako Galatea ndi kale yofuna ndi kuya kwake mamita 10 zikwi 539. Kuzama Emden ndi 10 zikwi 399 meters, pamene Cape Johnson ali akuya mamita 10 zikwi 497. Kwambiri "osaya" imatengedwa maganizo Tuscarora ndi kuya ake pazipita pamodzi kutalika lonse mu 8000 513 meters.

seamounts

Ngati inu munayamba kuti "Fotokozani mtunda wa pansi Pacific Ocean" - inu athanso kuyamba kulankhula za seamounts, chifukwa ichi ndi chomwe chidwi interlocutor wanu. Pansi pa nyanja lodabwitsa ali zambiri mapiri m'madzi amene aitanidwa "guyots". Iwo yodziwika ndi nsonga awo mosabisa, motero akhoza kukhala pa akuya pafupifupi 1.5 kilometre, kenako kungakhale ndithu mozama.

Chiphunzitso zofunika asayansi limanena kuti seamounts anali mapiri kale ochita munaukitsidwa pamwamba pa nyanja. Kenako, iwo anali kutsukidwa ndi anali pansi pa madzi. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mfundo yamasika n'chochititsa mantha ofufuza, chifukwa kungasonyeze kuti pamaso gawo ili la kotekisi wa wakhala ngati "subsidence".

Kama wa Pacific Ocean

Kale umenewu zambiri ofufuza akhala akufufuza, anatumiza zambiri Maulendo sayansi kuti bwino tione pansi pa Pacific Ocean. Photos zikusonyeza kuti ambiri sangagone nyanja lodabwitsali wapangidwa ndi dongo wofiira. Pamlingo wamng'ono angapezeke pansi buluu yl kapena kum'pondereza zidutswa matanthwe.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti m'madera ambiri pansi Pacific Ocean kawirikawiri yokutidwa ndi diatoms, globigerina, radiolarian ndi pteropod matope. Choona chidwi ndi chotero kuti m'dambo zosiyana zambiri mano nsombazo 'kapena tinatake tozungulira manganese.

General mudziwe pansi pa Pacific Ocean

Mapangidwe pansi Pacific Ocean bwanji zinthu monga exogenous ndipo amkati. Recent ali mkati ndi tectonic - iwo anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe zosiyanasiyana zivomezi sitima zapamadzi, kayendedwe wozengereza kutumphuka padziko lapansi ndi kuphulitsa mapiri. Icho ndi chomwe chidwi ndi Pacific Ocean. pansi zimachititsa chilumbachi zikusintha chifukwa kukhalapo kwa ambiri mapiri onse pa gombe lake ndi m'madzi akuya. ndi mafunde osiyana, boma nyanja, ndi turbidity alandira zinthu exogenous. utuluke amenewa yodziwika mu kuti zimalimbikitsa olimba, osati kusungunuka particles madzi, zomwe pite ndi liwiro lalikulu ndipo phirilo. Komanso kwambiri chimasintha mpumulo pansi ndi umoyo wa zamoyo m'madzi.

Asayansi ambiri mwamphamvu chidwi ndi Pacific Ocean. Thandizo pansi salembedwa ogaŵikana njira zosiyanasiyana. Akuti: ndi chokhala ndi malire, woyendera nthambi akafa nyanja pansi, komanso zitunda m'ma nyanja. Wa miliyoni 73 sq. makilomita 10% ya mmphepete chokhala imagwera pa Pacific Ocean.

The otsetsereka chokhala ndi gawo la pansi amene ali otsetsereka mu madigiri 3 kapena 6, ndipo inali mphepete kunja kwa malire chokhala wa shelufu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti gombe chiphala kapena matanthwe zilumba, amene ali olemera mu Pacific Ocean, zopatuka mwina madigiri kwa 40 kapena 50 chomwecho.

Zoni kusintha amakhala ndi pamaso pa mitundu sekondale, umene udzakhazikitsidwe mu dongosolo okhwima. Ndicho - woyamba dzenje mmphepete nyanja pafupi ndi phazi kumtunda komanso ku nyanja adzakhululukidwa okha ndi ranges otsetsereka kwambiri a mapiri. Ndi zina ndithu kwa Japan, East China, Mariana, Aleutian kusintha mabacteria, yomwe ili kumadzulo Pacific Ocean.