CHIYERO - Volcano ku Kamchatka. zotupa

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kulankhula za phiri lomwe akamuuze. N'zochititsa chidwi zomwe amati yolondola, kuphulika ake unkachitika mu 1956. Choncho n'zimene kuphulika Mayina Awo Kamchatka? N'chiyaninso chimene chidwi? Tiyeni tikambirane.

Location kuphulika

Akamuuze kuphulika ili mu gulu chapakati Klyuchevskoy pafupi Kliuchevskoi. Ngati ife kulankhula za zimene imaimira, ndi elongated osiyanasiyana udachitikira pompo. Mu kum'mawa ndi mpukutu wa phiri lomwe akale, ambiri a iwo anawonongedwa mu kuphulika mu 1956. Unakhalabe kokha yaing'ono kum'mwera kum'mawa gawo. gawo Western a khamu ndi phiri mayina. otsetsereka ake ataphimbidwa ndi utuluke yaikulu chiphalaphala, oyambirira amene zili kum'mwera kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera. Ndipo pa phazi la domes wa sikisitini inali zaka chosiyana ndi zikuchokera. Aonongedwa pachimake - ndi lalikulu Chigwa (m'mimba mwake - 1.3 × 2.8 km) ndi mapangidwe latsopano lotchedwa mzikiti pa malo ake.

Pamene chaka Pleistocene kumene ndi Mayina Awo (Volcano), anapanga dacite mzikiti. Panali 16. Ndipo khumi kapena khumi zikwi zapitazo otsetsereka a phiri anapanga Mayina Awo Stone. Stratovolcano anayamba kupanga zaka 5,500 zapitazo. Ntchito malo awa anapereka palokha anamva ngakhale zaka zikwi ziwiri.

nthawi mayina a ntchito

Mayina Awo (Volcano ku Kamchatka) anali kupitirizabe zaka 2500 zapitazo. Conventionally, nthawi yonseyi ikhonza kuikidwa mu nthawi zitatu. Zochokera zizindikiro phulusa misa, zikhoza kapadera kuti kutsegula nthawi ya kufika kwa nthawi zotsatirazi:

1. zaka 2400-1700 zapitazo.
2. 13 500-1000.
3. Kuyambira 1965 mpaka nthawi ino.

Kuphulika. Mayina, 1956

Pa nthawi poyamba ntchito chiphala asayansi potengera zikuchokera miyala chiphala. Koma ngati kuphulika otsiriza, izo sizinali choncho kalekale, koma chifukwa cha izo, inu mukhoza kulankhula mu mwatsatanetsatane.

Pamaso pake kutalika kwa phiri mamita 3100. Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamwamba pa izo wokongola bwino anasonyeza Chigwa ndi awiri a pafupi theka kilometre. Kum'mwera kwa Chigwa anali cinder phirilo (mkati). Pafupi ndi pamwamba pa malo otsetsereka anali indented chiphala maenje. Ngakhale phiri ankaona zinatha kwa nthawi yaitali. Palibe amene akanatha kuoneratu kuti mkati mwake pakhoza kukhala mtundu wa ntchito. Onse wosinthika kuphulika. Akamuuze 1956 anapereka mosayembekezereka "anadabwa" omwe sangathe adzatchedwa zosangalatsa. kuphulika ake otchedwa zoopsa chifukwa chinachitika patapita nthawi yaitali kwambiri kupuma, umene unatha pafupi zaka chikwi. N'zosadabwitsa kuti phiri ankaona zinatha kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndipo kuphulika kwa 1956 anatsegula nthawi wonse watsopano mu moyo wa chimphona wokhala tsiku akupitiriza.

Chifukwa Mayina Awo ankaona zinatha?

Izo ziyenera kuti kusapezeka kwa zizindikiro za ntchito nthawi chifukwa ena mwamwano kuti mayina, ndipo pachabe. Koma panali ena asayansi ankaganiza kuti kuphulika ichi amatha modzidzimutsa. Izi ndiye zimene zinacitika. Mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri, kopanda uyu anali wolungama zonse.

Mu 1955 Klyuchevskoy siteshoni seismographs analembedwa zivomezi zina angapo monga mwa malangizo a mayina. Komabe, ngakhale zizindikiro izi sizinasinthe khalidwe lokonda iye akatswiri. Pa zifukwa zina ankaona kuti chodabwitsa ndi chifukwa cha kubwera kwa tsogolo la mbali yotsatira ya Chigwa cha phiri monga Kryuchevsky.

Ndipo October 22 Mayina Awo kuphulika anakhala ndi moyo mosayembekezera aliyense.

moyo watsopano phiri lomwe yogwira

Zotupa (Mayina Awo sizimadziwika kwambiri) anali mpweya waukulu wa phulusa lomwe linatuluka kutalika kwa makilomita asanu. Koma kenaka mwadzidzidzi phiri kunayamba kuchepa. Kuganiza kuti izi makamaka anali mapeto. Komabe, zonse sizinayende ndithu ...

Mu March 1956 kuphulika yaikulu anagwedeza m'dera lonse. mitambo yaikulu phulusa anathamangira kutalika kwa makilomita sate-faifi. Pamwamba pa phiri kufuzika. Mu malo ake anapanga Chigwa ndi awiri a makilomita imodzi ndi theka. Pankhaniyi, kutalika yomweyo yafupika ndi mamita 250.

Kuphulika yokha anauzidwa kum'mawa.

Mavuto aakulu a zotupa pa

Iye anali wamphamvu kwambiri moti pa mtunda wa makilomita 25 mitengo yonse akhala kugwetsa ndi kutentha. Mchenga otentha, phulusa, zidutswa za nkhungu wosanjikiza kwambiri anabisa malo ^{km2 500.} Pa nthawi yomweyo pafupifupi zomera zonse anawonongedwa. Snow anapeza nthawi yozizira, nthawi yomweyo atasiya nathamangira m'chigwa mitsinje zauve. Pali anathamangira ndipo analanda mtengo zinyalala zawo. madzi anadutsa chigwa, kubweretsa kwambiri dothi, miyala ndi mitengo, umene unakhazikitsidwa kutsekeka kuwoloka kwathunthu. Chakupha otaya masiku ambiri madzi a Kamchatka poizoni, kupanga izo kwathunthu zosafunika anthu mowa. Komanso, sulufule munali zinyalala atsogozedwa imfa ya nsomba. Pano pali anadabwa anapereka Mayina Awo kuphulika ku Kamchatka.

Pambuyo Chigwa, ndi pansi wake anayamba kukwera m'tchalitchi cha red-hot chiphalaphala. Mu 1966, patatha zaka khumi pambuyo kuphulika ake, pa chitunda chamoto anamvera pamaso pa moyo mu izo. Nthawi zina muzitha ankaona kuti zivomezi zina mwachilungamo wamphamvu, kupanga otsetsereka a anagubuduza boulders ndi mphako mitsinje mpweya angapo anauka, kununkhiza sulfure. Kukwera sanali udzatha, mwachidule anayenera kusiya.

zodabwitsa yatsopano ku phiri lomwe yogwira

Tsopano Mayina Awo kuphulika - yolimbikira kuphulika wa Kamchatka. Kuphulika mu 1956 anali mmodzi wa yaikulu padziko lonse mu nthawi panopa mbiri. Zitachitika izi, Mayina Awo Volcano anadzuka kawiri. Koma kuphulika onse anali wofatsa (1977, 1984). ntchito zake unkachitika mu 1984 Koma kale mu 1985, phiri anapereka anadabwa latsopano.

inagwedezeka latsopano ndiwo anawerengedwa kumapeto kwa June. volcanologists gulu anatumizidwa ku malo motsogozedwa Firstova P. P. A June 29 Mayina Awo chakumene kachiwiri. Apanso panali umuna mbali ya kum'mawa. Kuphulika zinali zamphamvu kwambiri. Ndi mphamvu iye anali wachiwiri mu 1956. Ndipo kachiwiri, palibe kuyembekezera izi kuchokera mayina. Iye ankaona kale, kuti zodabwitsa wake nthawi azoloŵera. gulu kuti anapita ku malo pafupi kufa ndipo mozizwitsa anapulumuka.

Tiyerekeze kuti moto mtambo chinapululutsa mu makilomita khumi ndi kuwononga zomera achinyamata onse, omwe chabe anaonekera malo m'chipululu pambuyo kuphulika lomaliza. Zinawonongedwa ndi nyumba volcanologists, anamanga pa phazi. Mwamwayi, panthawi imene anthu ochepa. Dome, anapanga pambuyo kuphulika kwa 1956, anapulumuka, koma Chigwa ndi kuchuluka kachiwiri.

choonetsedwa zapadera

Mapiri ndi chuma chapadera nthawi zonse kukhala mu zonse "okonzeka." Komanso zinthu ndi mayina. Chitsanzo chosonyeza kuti m'pofunika nthawizonse kukhala osamala. Ngakhale lero ndi bata ndithu, sizitanthauza kanthu. Posakhalitsa akhalenso ndi moyo. Akamuuze kalekale nthawi zimapangitsa lokha anamva. Ndipo nthawi iliyonse zimachitika mosayembekezeka. Aliyense kuphulika - chinachake chodabwitsa, chidwi. Amphamvu moto amafotokozera, utuluke otentha chiphalaphala, mabomba ndi makombola ku miyala. Izi zonse ndi kuphulika chiphala. Ngati munthu mwayi woti moyo umboni zodabwitsazi zachilengedwe, munthu kosatha amasintha mmene kwa iwo. Onse kuphulika mayina zimachitika ndi mabomba kwambiri ndi kwambiri lowonongeka.

Mtundu ndi mtundu wa mayina

Mwa ake dongosolo kuphulika akuimira miyala mapangidwe mu kutumphuka kudzera amene ziphalaphala akubwera pamwamba ndi mitundu ndi miyala chiphala. Kuphulika kwa Mapiri ambiri Amalalikira anawagawa yogwira, matalala ndi zinatha. A mapangidwe olekanitsidwa stratovolcanoes mawonekedwe, chithokomiro, slag, ndi ena. Akamuuze chabe akutanthauza kuphulika yogwira.

Komanso, iye ndi mtundu wa mapangidwe ndi stratovolcano.

Mayina ntchito pa dziko la volcanology

Onani ndi kufotokoza za mapiri linayamba m'zaka za m'ma XVIII. Buku loyamba la Kamchatka mapiri linasindikizidwa Krashennikov GP kumbuyo mu 1756. Bukuli zokhudza akasupe otentha ndi zimphona malo awa, kuphatikizapo pa mayina. Kenako panali ntchito zina. "Atlas wa USSR mapiri" ngakhale lofalitsidwa mu nyengo ya Soviet. Ndipo mu 1991 panali ntchito yamakono ya mapiri yogwira pa Kamchatka Peninsula, kumene iwo anali mokwanira mwatsatanetsatane zikugwira ntchito zimphona. Chifukwa kuphulika kwa 1956. Mayina Awo kalekale analowa mbiri. Kuyambira pamenepo, dziko la volcanology, mtundu watsopano - "Chizindikiro" kapena "imatsogoleredwa kuphulika." Poyamba, mawu amenewa sizinali sayansi.

Tsogolo la mayina

Volcanologists asayansi anakwanitsa kubwezeretsa chikhalidwe cha mayina mu zaka mamiliyoni 2.5. Adzaweruza magawo kale kovuta. Kotero, anapezeka kuti ntchito anali ndi khalidwe kugunda. Ndi fanizo nthawi yapita akhoza kutengapo maganizo ena za khalidwe tsogolo la phiri. Tsopano tikhoza kunena kuti pa nthawi ino Mayina Awo ili pakati kuti nthawi yotsatira ya ntchito mwamphamvu. Mogwirizana ndi Kutalika kwa nthawi yapita, zikhoza kapadera ndi Mwina mkulu kuti adzizungulira panopa adzakhala zaka 100 200.

Asayansi ndi mbali ina chidwi wa mayina chinaoneka. Chikhalidwe cha kuphulika ake anasintha za 1400 zapitazo. Kuyambira zitsulo amakhala ndi zotupa moti zoopsa iye. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti kuphulika mu 1956 anali amphamvu a iwo. Popeza pali intensification nthawi ya amenewa, izo zikhoza kapadera kuti m'tsogolo phiri azipereka anadabwa wina mu mawonekedwe a ntchito kwambiri.