Carolingian chitsitsimutso

Carolingian Kubadwa Kwatsopano - nthawi ya chitsitsimutso ozindikira ndipo chikhalidwe ku Ulaya kumpoto kuyambira zaka za m'ma citatu pakati pa chinayi, mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa olamulira Wachifulanki ufumu wa Carolingian, makamaka pa nthawi ya Charlemagne ndi Louis wa achipembedzo, Charles ndi dazi.

nthawi iyi anali yodziwika ndi chidwi kukula mu mabuku kulemba, zojambulajambula, zomangamanga, jurisprudence, kusintha mapemphero ndi kuphunzira malemba. Chitsitsimutso cha aesthetics potengera zomwe a chikhalidwe Roma.

Patapita nthawi stagnation ndi zina kuchepa chitukuko cha ozindikira maganizo, luso ndi chikhalidwe, Karl Veliky anasonkhana kunyumba yake anthu ambiri anzeru a nthawi, akufuna ntchito kutsitsimutsa mu boma kuti mlingo wa, nzeru zaumunthu, maphunziro sayansi luso lomwe linali khalidwe la chikhalidwe Roma .

Kusaphunzira makamaka noticeable a ansembe. Ngakhale anthu a Chimonko amene anakhala masiku kukopera mipukutu yakale, ndimalephera kuwerenga zomwe zinalembedwa, makamaka mumvetse tanthauzo lake. Pachifukwa ichi anasunga lachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chitatu zaka zambiri, Zolembedwa kawirikawiri wosokonezeka kuti nkomwe anatumikira decoding. Popeza kuti panalibe chinenero muyezo maphunziro zinalembedwa mu zilembo zazikulu, ndi zambiri zolakwika, popanda zizindikiro zilizonse zopumira.

Mu franc boma Karl sanathe kupeza buku bwino Baibulo kapena m'malemba a Benedicto ulamuliro, chomwe anali kutuma kwa Rome. Choyamba, cholinga chachikulu ndi umodzi wa Charles Wachifulanki mpingo, amene anali kwathunthu ulamuliro wake. Iye anali munthu wophunzira kwambiri nthawi yake. Anaphunzira Chilatini, Chigiriki apamwamba, logic, zakuthambo. Kukhala kumpoto Italy, Karl anakumana ndi achingelezi katswiri Alcuin, amene amadziwika ngati abwana kumbuyo Carolingian Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

A wophunzira wanzeru, iye ankakhala ku New York, kumene kunali laibulale ndi kusonkhanitsa kwambiri inalembedwa. Carl anakopa Alcuin kusamukira Aachen m'nyumba ya Wachifulanki King, kuti ikhazikitse mapulogalamu maphunziro kusukulu nyumba yachifumu. Wasayansi zachitika Inde ndi cholinga kuphunzitsa atsogoleri ndi agulupa. N'zotheka kupeza chiyambi cha asanu ndi luso owolowa manja kuti: trivium - galamala, apamwamba, logic; ndipo quadrivium - pa masamu luso losiyanasiyana, masamu, masamu, zakuthambo ndi nyimbo. Wa mitu iyi inkakhala maphunziro Agiriki ndi zolembalemba. Ophunzira kuwerenga Homer, Virgil, Horace, Juvenal, Plato, Cicero.

Chitsitsimutso Zimphona - sikungokhudza Alcuin. Mwa anthu oitanidwa ku bwalo la Charlemagne anali asayansi ena otchuka, nzeru ena, olemba ndakatulo, Peter wa Pisa, analangiza Charles mu Latin Nkhanu wa Aquileia yoikidwiratu kholo la Aquileia (Nkhanu II), Lombard Pavel Diakon, Visigoth Theodulf wa Orleans.

Malo ophunzirira ndi maphunziro anakhala obisika, omwe anali nawo malo apadera kutengera mipukutu yakale. Koma panalibe ukathyali osaganiza - malemba onse ankaphunzira ndi ansembe. Mawu atsopano mipukutu anapatukana, panali zopumira. Carl yovomerezeka akale Latin. chakuti zinthu zambiri zasintha Latin, kuyambira nthawi ya Roma, mawu atsopano, mawu, Zining'a, amene anali kukhala mbali mu chinenero. Karl moganizira kusintha onse, ndipo panali akale Latin mu mawonekedwe amene amadziwika lero.

Mawu akuti "Carolingian chitsitsimutso" inputted mbiri French Jean-Jacques Ampere m'zaka za m'ma 19, nthawi zambiri kutsutsana chifukwa chakuti nthawi wakhala okha makamaka atsogoleri chitukuko ndipo analibe kayendedwe mabuku onse ankaikira ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano Italy. Komanso, salinso akuimira pofuna kutsitsimutsa chikhalidwe cha Ufumu wa Roma. Koma zinali kufalitsidwa munthawi yomweyo miyambo ndi chipembedzo chachikhristu ndi chikhalidwe wamba. A ulamuliro wa Charles anali wanzeru kuti poyerekeza ndi ulamuliro Aleksandra Makedonskogo, Kaisara Augusto, Constantine, Justinian.

Imfa ya Charles anakhala wa zifukwa zazikulu kuchepa kwa boma Wachifulanki komanso chikhalidwe chake.

Poyang'ana m'mbuyo, chitsitsimutso Carolingian alinso zina za "wabodza" heyday, pamene zomwe chikhalidwe makamaka anamwazikana mibadwo ingapo.

Maluwa luso chimakwirira pafupifupi zaka mazana, kuchokera zaka 800 kwa 900, koma iyo inali nthawi otchuka pamene Europe Northern, zochokera chakale (Chiroma) luso mitundu, anakonza nthaka kuti kuwuka kwa Romanesque, ndipo pamapeto pake luso Gothic. Kuyambira pamenepo anasunga mipukutu aunika, zitsulo, zosemasema, zithunzi ndi ntchito Zojambula pakhoma.

Kamangidwe ka chitsitsimutso Carolingian amakhala ndi kalembedwe, anayambitsa ndi Charles, ndipo akugonjetsa mpaka ulamuliro wa German Mfumu Otto I. Komanso anali kuyesa dala recreate Roma ndi zomangamanga Byzantine, koma chifukwa cha zaluso izo amamuonera khalidwe lapadera.