Mndandanda wa machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito: Zida ndi Ma Specs

Masiku ano, mbali yaikulu ya chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse ikugwirizanitsa ndi makompyuta nthawi zonse, wina akuyenera kugwira ntchito, wina amafufuza zinthu pa intaneti, ndipo ena amangopatula nthawi mu masewera. Aliyense ali ndi zosoŵa zake zomwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti makompyuta ayenela kufanana nawo. Ndipo ngati tikukamba za "hardware" (chidziwitso cha kompyuta), ndiye kuti zonse sizikuwoneka bwino. Koma gawo la "soft" (software), limafuna chidwi chapadera.

Kompyuta iliyonse ikuyendetsa kayendedwe kena ka ntchito, komwe kuli ambiri, omwe ali oyenera ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zipangizo zomwe zilipo, ndi zina zotero. Choncho, chinthu chofunikira ndicho kusankha njirayi.

Pali mndandandanda waukulu wa machitidwe, koma nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za zipilala zitatu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri makampani ndikugwira ntchito zambiri: Windows, MacOS ndi Linux.

Machitidwe opangira ndalama

Poyambira ndi kofunikira kufotokoza kuti pali OS mwiniwake, omwe amaperekedwa pansi pa chilolezo cha wopanga. Izi zikuphatikizapo mawindo opangira Windows , omwe ali pansipa, ndi MacOS. Ngakhale kuti machitidwe onse angathe kusungidwa pa webusaiti (kuba), ndi bwino kugula laisensi kuchokera kwa kampani yopatsa katundu ndikuyambitsa.

Ubwino wa machitidwe amenewa ndi chitukuko chawo, mapulogalamu ambiri apamwamba komanso othandizira pulogalamu yamakono yomwe ingathandize pokhapokha ngati pali vutoli.

Machitidwe Opanda Ntchito

Izi zikuphatikizapo pafupifupi banja lonse la Linux, kupatulapo zochitika zina ndi ndalama kapena pulogalamu ina yamapulogalamu. Izi OS zingathe kumasulidwa mosavuta kwaulere ndikuyika pa kompyuta iliyonse popanda chikumbumtima.

Njira zoterezi zimapangidwa ndi omanga okhaokha pamodzi ndi ammudzi, choncho nthawi zambiri khalidwe la mapulogalamu limasiyidwa kwambiri, koma machitidwewa ndi otetezedwa kwambiri ndipo amakhala otetezeka kuposa omwe ali ndi mpikisano wawo.

Mawindo

Mwamtheradi aliyense amene anayamba wagwiritsira ntchito kompyuta amadziwa za mankhwalawa kuchokera ku Microsoft. Makamaka, izi zimakhudzanso kutuluka kwa Windows 7. Mndandanda wa machitidwe a Microsoft wayamba kale kuwerengera mibadwo khumi ndi iwiri. Iwo ndi otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amapeza pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya msika. Chimene chimayankhula za utsogoleri womwe sunachitikepo.

Mndandanda wa machitidwe a Windows:

• Windows XP;
• Windows Vista;
• Windows 7;
• Windows 8;
• Windows 10;

Mndandandawu umayamba mwadala ndi Windows XP, chifukwa ndiyo yakale kwambiri yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka lero.

Zosowa za Windows Windows 10 (yomasulidwa posachedwa):

• Kuti mugwire ntchito, mumasowa pulosesa ndifupipafupi 1000MHz.
• 1 gigabyte ya RAM (ya 32-bit version) kapena 2 gigabytes ya RAM (kwa 64-bit version).
• Gigabytes 16 a ROM (kwa 32-bit version) kapena magigabytes 20 a ROM (kwa 64-bit version).
• Ndiponso, dongosolo likufuna chip chipangizo cha kanema kapena kanema kamene kamathandiza teknolojia ya DirectX 9.

Ubwino wa dongosolo:

1. Kupezeka. Njirayi imatha kugwira ntchito pa kompyuta iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za wopanga.
2. Chiwerengero cha mapulogalamu. Pa mbiri yakale ya pulatifomu, mndandanda waukulu wa mapulogalamu ndi mapulogalamuwa wasonkhanitsa, omwe akugwirabe ntchito (ngakhale omwe adalengedwa zaka zoposa 10 zapitazo).
3. Thandizo lapamwamba la masewera. Microsoft ili nayo mwayi wonse wa masewera othamanga kwambiri, omwe amakulolani kuti muthamange pa dongosolo lawo masewera apamwamba kwambiri.
4. Thandizo kwa mapulogalamu enieni. Mawindo akhala ofanana ndi dziko lapansi, choncho mapulogalamu ambiri ndi mapulogalamu amagwira ntchito pazinthu zokha. Kwa zoterezo n'zotheka kunyamula makasitomala a banki kapena ntchito zowerengetsera ndalama. Zimatchulidwanso kuti kufunika kwa phukusi la Microsoft Office, lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi ulemu pa Windows.

Kuipa kwa dongosolo:

1. Kuchuluka kwa mavairasi. Kutchuka kwa nsanja iyi sikunali kopanda pake. Osati pa ntchito yomweyo yomweyi siidapangidwe mavairasi ambiri monga momwe anagwiritsira ntchito pa Windows. Wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kusamalira chitetezo chake, kugula antivayirasi ndi pulogalamu ya chitetezo.
2. Ntchito yosakhazikika. Mwamwayi, Mawindo, kusintha kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo, amangokhala ndi mwayi watsopano, popanda kuchotsa zopanda pake. Kuchokera apa kumakhala kolemetsa, pali zolakwika zambiri mu code. Nthawi zina machitidwewa amakhala osadziwika ndipo amatha "kufa."
3. Zosintha zonse. Mukaika Windows, muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti idzasinthidwa nthawi zambiri, osati nthawi zonse. Inde, zosinthika zonse zimayesetsa kukonza zowonera ndi chitetezo, komabe kukonzanso kungalepheretse kompyuta kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri liwiro la ntchito. Kuwonjezera apo, dongosololi likusinthidwa popanda kufunsa wogwiritsa ntchito ngati akufuna kapena ayi, choncho konzekerani maganizo ngati ntchito yanu itayika chifukwa cha chigawo china.
4. Kufunika kwa madalaivala - chipangizo chilichonse chomwe mukufuna kugwirizanitsa ndi makompyuta, kaya kamera kapena chosindikiza, chidzafuna woyendetsa, popanda chimene chingagwire ntchito.

Malingaliro a Windows akhala nthawi ziwiri. Wina akudandaula za mavairasi opitirira ndi zolakwika, wina sakonda kuwongolera. Winawake mosiyana amalemekeza mankhwala a Microsoft chifukwa cha mwayi wake wogwira ntchito ndi Office.

Kawirikawiri, mankhwalawa ndi oyenerera ambiri. Mawindo ndi ofunika kwa omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu ena, Microsoft Office potsatira ndi kusewera masewera amakono a makompyuta.

MacOS

Zosagwirizana, koma zabwino zamagetsi, zopangidwa ndi Apple. MacOS ikhoza kudzitama ndi 9% chabe. Zinthu zosasangalatsa izi ndi chifukwa chakuti MacOS imagwira ntchito pa makompyuta a Mac.

Mndandanda wa machitidwe opangira MacOS:

• OS X Mavericks;
• OS X Yosemite;
• OS X El Capitan;
• MacOS Sierra.

Zosowa zadongosolo la MacOS Sierra opaleshoni dongosolo (posachedwapa kumasulidwa):

• IMac (yomasulidwa kumapeto kwa 2009 kapena atsopano);
• Mac Book (12-inch, yotulutsidwa kumayambiriro kwa 2015 kapena atsopano);
• Mac Book Pro (yomasulidwa kumapeto kwa 2010 kapena atsopano);
• Mac Book Air (yotulutsidwa kumapeto kwa 2009 kapena yatsopano);
• Mac Mini (yotulutsidwa kumayambiriro kwa 2010 kapena atsopano);
• Mac Pro (yomasulidwa kumapeto kwa 2010 kapena atsopano).

Mmodzi mwa makompyuta omwe tatchulidwa pamwambawa akufunika kuti agwiritse ntchito dongosolo.

Ubwino wa dongosolo:

1. Kukhazikika ndi chitetezo. Mankhwala a Apple akhala akudziwika nthawi zonse chifukwa cha chitetezo chawo ndi bata. Makompyuta ndi amodzi ndipo amalowetsedwa mu lamba la chipikisano chilichonse chotsutsana. Pansi pa MacOS, zida zambiri zotetezera ndi zoletsedwa zapangidwa kuti zisapweteke wosuta. Komanso pansi pa dongosololi mavitamini ochepa amamangidwa.
2. Paki yokongola ya mapulogalamu. Mu MacOS, mwachindunji, pulogalamu ya "software" imamangidwa mkati, yofunikira kuti ntchito yopindulitsa ndi luso. Mndandanda wa mapulogalamu a machitidwewa akuphatikizapo mapulogalamu a zolemba zolemba, webusaiti yathu, kupanga mafilimu, kusanganikirana, kujambula, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo opanga AppStore, mosiyana ndi omwe ali mu Windows, amadalira pa khalidwe ndi kulingalira, osati otchipa.
3. Kugwirizana kwa dongosolo ndi "chitsulo". Machitidwe opanga MacOS "akuwongolera" kugwira ntchito ndi zipangizo zing'onozing'ono, kotero zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso mogwira mtima. Pali chithandizo chapamwamba cha trackpad. Pafupifupi zipangizo zonse zimagwira ntchito popanda madalaivala.
4. ICloud. Makompyuta a Apple, monga katundu wina wa makampani, nthawizonse amavomerezedwa ndi mtambo wa iCloud. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muteteze deta iliyonse yosungidwa pa kompyuta yanu ndi kuwasunga pazinthu zonse.

Kuipa kwa dongosolo:

1. Kufufuza mozama. Njira yogwiritsira ntchitoyi imagawidwa kwaulere, koma imagwira ntchito pa makompyuta a Mac okhaokha, omwe ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.
2. Masewera ochepa. Gamer kawirikawiri sayenera kuyang'ana ku MacOS, monga chiŵerengero cha masewera, kuti chiyike mofatsa, imavutika. Simungathe kuchita zinthu zamakono zamasewero, popeza sizimasintha ma Mac, chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwake ndi kusauka kochepa.
3. Gawo lamalonda lafooka. Ma Mac siwowoneka bwino m'madera omwe amagwira ntchito, makamaka ku Russia, kotero ndizosatheka kupeza mapulogalamu abwino pa izo. Mabungwe ambiri amapanga zinthu za Windows.

Ambiri a Mac amakonda OS awo, amatamandidwa chifukwa cha mapulogalamu akuluakulu komanso ntchito yowakhazikika. Simukukonda MacOS kwenikweni ndi omvera a Windows chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kwake komanso mtengo wapamwamba wa makompyuta a Apple.

Mchitidwewu ndi woyenera kwa onse amene ntchito yawo ikugwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Iwo ndi oimba, otsogolera komanso ngakhale atolankhani.

Linux

Mawindo opangira maofesi a Linux ali ndi gawo laling'ono pa msika wa makompyuta. Amatsegula mndandanda wa machitidwe opangira PC ndi gawo la 1%. Ngakhale izi, dongosololi ndi mtsogoleri mu msika wa mafoni ndipo ali ndi zofunika pa maseva.

Mndandanda wa machitidwe opangira Linux:

• Fuko;
• Umoyo;
• Timbewu;
• OpenSUSE;
• Gentoo;
• Arch;
• Slackware.

Machitidwe a machitidwe a Linux ndi osakanikirana. Zida zamakono zoyenera kuyambitsa dongosolo zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri, chifukwa nsanjayo ndiyonse ndipo ingathe kulembedwa kwa "makina" aliwonse.

Ubwino wa dongosolo:

1. Kusiyanasiyana ndi kupezeka. Mchitidwewu umagwira ntchito pa chirichonse, kwenikweni. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumpoto, m'mabungwe a maphunziro. Ndipo pa makompyuta a kunyumba, amakumana kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake. Njirayi imaperekedwa kwaulere, komanso mapulogalamu ambiri.
2. Thandizo la anthu. Machitidwe opangidwa kuchokera ku Linux ali ndi kachidindo kachinsinsi ndipo omanga ambiri amawathandiza, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matendawa, zimachepetsa kukonza zolakwika zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa chitukuko cha dongosolo.
3. Kuthamanga kwa ntchito. Linux, mwinamwake, ndiyo njira yosamalitsa kwambiri. Malingana ndi "malo" osankhidwa (mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe) ndi kufalitsa (dongosololi), mungathe kukwaniritsa kwambiri ntchito pa "mafakitale" ofooka.

Kuipa kwa dongosolo:

1. Kusagwirizana ndi Mawindo. Pafupifupi mapulogalamu onse amangofanana ndi Mawindo, omwe ali otsika kwambiri mu khalidwe. Zomwezo zimapita masewera.
2. Kufunika kokhala ndi chithunzithunzi. Mchitidwewo ukhoza kuyendetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofotokoza, koma posachedwa padzakhala kufunika kogwira ntchito ndi ogwiritsira ntchito (chida choyendetsera dongosolo mu machitidwe a mauthenga), choncho, kuti muphunzire mfundo za dongosolo, lamulo, zofunikira za mapulogalamu.
3. Kusagwirizana kwa zipangizo. Ngati muli ndi printer wakale kunyumba, munganene ndi pafupifupi 100% kuti Linux sangawuthandizire.

Njira yotamanda ndi okhawo omwe amakonda makompyuta ndi zamakina zamakono, omwe amakonda kukumba. Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse amadandaula, chifukwa m'dongosolo mulibe zinthu zogwiritsa ntchito, zosangalatsa.

Mpweya OS

Njira ina yogawidwa momasuka, yomwe ilibenso Linux yokhala ndi chipolopolo kuchokera ku Valve. Chogulitsira ichi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa osewera ndi masewera othamanga .

Chrome OS

Chida chopanda ntchito kuchokera ku Google, chomwe chili chokhazikika ku mapulogalamu a webusaiti komanso osatsegula omwewo. Mapulogalamuwa samakanikirana poyerekezera ndi Mawindo ndi Mac, koma amapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a tsogolo pamene web interfaces ingasinthe mawonekedwe "enieni". Mwachinsinsi, imayikidwa pa Chromebooks zonse.

Kuyika machitidwe ambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina enieni

Popeza nsanja iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake, zimakhala zofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi angapo. Okonza makompyuta amadziwa izi, kotero amapereka ogwiritsa ntchito njira yosungira machitidwe awiri kapena atatu pa diski mwakamodzi.

Izi zachitika mophweka. Chokhacho chigawenga chadongosolo (disk kapena USB flash drive yanyamula pazinthu zawo zosungira) ndi malo omasuka pa diski yovuta amafunika. Zochitika zamakono zamakono zimapereka panthawi yokonzekera kuti ikhale malo ndi kupanga njira yobwereza yomwe idzasonyeze mndandanda wa machitidwe opangira ma boti a kompyuta. Chilichonse chikuchitidwa mwa njira yokhayokha ndipo aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kuchita izo.

Pamakompyutompulo a Apple muli ntchito yapadera - BootCamp, yomwe yapangidwa kuti ikhale yosavuta ndi yopanda mawindo ya Windows yomwe ili pafupi ndi MacOS.

Pali njira ina - kukhazikitsa dongosolo lenileni mkati mwa enieni. Pachifukwa ichi, mapulogalamuwa akugwiritsidwa ntchito: VmWare ndi VirtualBox, zomwe zingatsatire makompyuta onse ndi kuyendetsa machitidwe opangira.

M'malo momaliza

Mndandanda wa machitidwe opangira makompyuta sizinangokhala pazinthu zomwe tatchulazi. Pali mankhwala ambiri ochokera ku makampani osiyanasiyana, koma onsewa ndi ofunika kwambiri ndipo sangafanane ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Chisankho chiyenera kupangidwa pakati pa Windows, MacOS ndi Linux, momwe zingathetsere zosowa zambiri ndipo n'zosavuta kuphunzira.