Kandalama, ndi zinchito kusanthula Talcott Parsons

Sociology Contemporary wofanana ndi coexistence mfundo zosiyanasiyana kudziwa chikhalidwe. Landilani malingaliro sociological panyengo ndi maziko a ziphunzitso za anthu a. A chopereka kwambiri kupita patsogolo izi wapanga lingaliro - structural ndi zinchito kusanthula Parsons, kuti lopambana American wasayansi anakonza mu zaka za m'ma lomaliza. Today Talcott Parsons anazindikira dziko sayansi monga mmodzi wa zapamwamba za khalidwe la anthu. Iye analenga mfundo zambiri - kusanthula zinchito, zomwe ndi zofunika methodological chida cha chidziwitso sociological wa Masiku ano yosiyanasiyana zake zonse.

Pakati pa lingaliro ili ndi mfundo mwadongosolo, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi izo lonse zovuta maganizo ndi nkhani zimene ali ankalamulira pofufuza bwino chikhalidwe, nkhondo, kugwirizana ndi zamoyo wa anthu monga dongosolo.

Parsons woyamba amakhudza kusanthula zinchito monga ndalama methodological, akuyendayenda chiphunzitso cha Henderson, Pareto, kumene mbuto ikulu kunapatsidwa kwa nkhani ya chuma ndi ntchito ka zamoyo wa anthu. Ndiye mutu Anapitiriza ndi Schumpeter, amene anafika kusanthula chuma ku mawonedwe zachilengedwe zake zokhudza zonse.

Mwachidule anapeza asayansi, Parsons akubwera kuganiza kuti dongosolo iyoyomwe siingakhoze mwachikulu kufotokoza mumaganiza chikhalidwe, choncho m'pofunika monga kusanthula mwadongosolo zigawo ndi kuphunzira chikhalidwe ntchito. Choncho anabadwa mwatsatanetsatane ongolankhula maphunziro - ". Structural-zinchito kusanthula" Kwenikweni umenewu chagona mu Universalism wa njira kuphunzira dongosolo akavalidwe anati mu moyo oona za chikhalidwe.

Kwathunthu watsopano chiphunzitso ichi anali kufufuza Cyber mbali ya anthu monga "dongosolo la matanthauzo chikhalidwe chophiphiritsa." Cybernetic njira kunapangitsa kuthana makamaka ndi mavuto ndigwira pafupifupi unexplored wa bata ndi mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito zachitukuko.

Wolungamitsidwa Parsons zinchito kusanthula kunapangitsa, ndi maonekedwe atsopano pa otchuka ndiye vuto la nkhondo chikhalidwe. Mfundo yakuti kufala kwa positivism ndi njira zake kulenga limodzi sidedness ndi kutsutsana mu kutanthauzira kwa siyana bata ndi nkhondo. Motero, funso anaukitsidwa za coexistence m'dziko chipwirikiti ndi dongosolo monga mbali dialectical moyo chikhalidwe. Ngakhale kukhala chiphunzitso cha nkhondo Lyuis Kozer - zachuma American ndi Katswiri zoona, Parsons anawonjezera lingaliro, kukangana kuti kampani si kuutsiriza imodzi khola ake limati n'kotheka. Mfundo imeneyi ndi lofunika makamaka kulungamitsa kachitidwe chitukuko zachuma, zomwe akukumana ndondomeko cyclical amasintha limati ake - mavuto nthawi alternated ndi nthawi ya mtendere zachuma. Choncho, kusanthula zinchito za chuma lero wayima monga kofunika kuphunzira methodological njira zako zachuma, makamaka m'munda wa kuwerengetsa zowopseza wa Zoneneratu ayenera zazikulu za citukuko ndi ena.

Akuti Parsons 'kusanthula wagawo amachita kanthu mwaufulu wa munthu, osati anthu chabe ayi wonse. Njira imeneyi wachibadidwe latsopano kunapangitsa kuti tisanthule anthu osati ku mawonedwe a makhalidwe umunthu zimene zasintha mu maganizo, koma ku mawonedwe wa kuganizira za khalidwe la munthu pa nkhani ina. Malinga Parsons - chikhalidwe isanafalikire mu mlengalenga ndipo nthawi khalidwe lomwe ndi chifukwa kukhazikitsa anthu mu dziko ntchito zina. M'nkhani ya ntchitozo akhoza kudutsa zosiyanasiyana nyumba, dongosolo chikhalidwe, mfundo ndi machitidwe chikhalidwe, ndi onse zimakhudza khalidwe la anthu ndi ntchito za ntchito anzawo.

Njira imeneyi kwathunthu pachiyambi, zimene zinaphatikizapo kusanthula zinchito, ndi latsopano methodological mawonedwe maziko ndi tsogolo la Chaanthu European. Mumadziwika Amlowam'malo Parsons malingaliro apa anali Maks Veber, Vilfredo Pareto, Robert Michels.

Ambiri, ngakhale chiphunzitso Parsons 'lili ndi mfundo za abstraction ndi zamawonekedwe, izo akupitirizabe kukhala wotchuka kwambiri ndi pafupifupi amalamula mu phunziro mawunikidwe a anthu masiku ano.