Ojambula oyamba a padziko lapansi. Kodi iwo ndi ndani?

Pamene anthu analipo, anthu analibe chitonthozo chamakono, komabe mitima yawo idakopeka ndi chilengedwe. Anthu oyamba ali ndi kachilombo ka maganizo ndi ojambula oyamba a padziko lapansi.

Zithunzi zojambula miyala za Paleolithic

Zithunzi zakale kwambiri za miyala zimatchulidwa pa nthawi ya Paleolithic. Apa ndiye kuti ojambula oyambirira a dziko lapansi anatenga zojambulazo. MHK inayamba ulendo wawo wautali kupita patsogolo. Amphamvu a nkhaniyi ndi anthu ndi nyama zakutchire, zomwe zonse zinali chakudya komanso otem patrons a banja.

Chikumbutso chotchuka kwambiri cha nyengo ya Madeleine ndi Phiri la Lascaux ku France. Asayansi akujambula zithunzi mpaka m'zaka za m'ma 1800 BC. Mtengo wake ndi waukulu kwambiri moti phanga linasandulika kukhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Muzinthu zazikuluzikulu za nyumbayi, gulu lonse la ng'ombe, akavalo, zimbalangondo ndi zimbalangondo zimayenda kuzungulira makoma ndi kuvina kwachinyengo. Pa msinkhu nthawi zambiri amafanizidwa ndi Sistine Chapel. Ngakhalenso zipinda zaphangazo zimakongoletsedwa ndi zokongola monga zomera.

Ngakhale kuti ojambula oyamba a padziko lapansi adalenga zochitika zawo pamtima, adatchula zamoyo zamtunduwu molondola. Ngakhale apo, ambuye amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ndi chiaroscuro chifukwa chopereka zenizeni ku mafano. Mu arsenal ya wojambula panali mitundu yambiri: yakuda, wachikasu, wofiira, omwe anapangidwa kuchokera ku mchere.

Chithunzi cha Mesolithic

Mu Mesolithic, moyo waumunthu wasintha kwambiri. Ng'ombe zinakhala zochepa, ndipo moyo wa fuko lonselo udadalira kusaka bwino. Ndi kusaka kumene kumakhala chigawo chachikulu chowonetsedwa ndi ojambula oyamba a padziko lapansi. Icho chinali mwambo wa mtundu. Akatswiri ambiri a mbiriyakale amakhulupirira kuti anthu akuyesera kukopa mwayi mwa kuwonetsa bwino paddock ng'ombe.

Mesolithic imasiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yosiyanasiyana. Zithunzi zimakhala zojambula bwino kwambiri. Chojambulacho chikungoperekedwa chakuda kapena chakuda. Pakutha pa nthawiyi palinso nkhani zamtendere zambiri - kusonkhanitsa zipatso, uchi, kuvina mozungulira moto.

Chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha nthawi ino ndi Zaraut Kamar Grotto ku Uzbekistan. Chifukwa cha luso la Mesolithic tikhoza kuphunzira zambiri za njira ya moyo ndi zizindikiro za anthu akale. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha zojambulazo zomwe nthawi yoyamba ya maonekedwe a anyezi inakhazikitsidwa.

Zojambula za Neolithic

M'badwo wa Neolithic unadziwika ndi kugwedeza kwa madzi a glaciers. Munthu amayeneranso kumenya nkhondo ndi chilengedwe kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino. Ojambula oyamba a padziko lapansi mu chitukuko chakale cha kumpoto kwa Ulaya akupita mophiphiritsa. Chithunzi cha munthu chimakhala chokonzekera, nthawi zina ndi zizoloŵezi zoyambirira za kugonana.

Ndi kumpoto kwa Ulaya kuti zipilala zambiri za nthawi ino zilipo. Onetsani zithunzi za nyama zamadzi - zisindikizo, nyangayi, nsomba. Zowonjezera, izi ndi chifukwa chakuti moyo m'dera lino unali wogwirizana kwambiri ndi nyanja.

Ojambula oyamba a padziko lapansi anasiyidwa ndi petroglyphs yambiri - miyala ndi ndondomeko yotsekedwa. Zojambula zing'onozing'ono za utoto zimasonyeza kuti zisanakhale zojambula. Mvula yozizira kwambiri inasiya mu umphumphu chabe mpumulo. Sitidzatha kuziwona mu kukongola kwamtengo wapatali.

Udindo wa wojambula m'magulu akale

Tsopano wojambulayo ndi munthu amene amafuna kudzizindikira yekha kupyolera mujambula. Koma kodi n'zotheka nthawi imeneyo? Anthu anali otanganidwa kwambiri ndi kulimbana kwa moyo kotero kuti iwo analibe nthawi yolenga. Zikuoneka kuti zojambulazo zinali zogonjetsedwa ndi zolinga za moyo.

Zirizonse zomwe zinali, ojambula akale kwambiri anali ndi luso lapamwamba. Ndizosatheka kulingalira kuti aliyense akhoza kujambula monga choncho. Choncho, akuganiza kuti opanga miyala ya rock sanali ojambula oyamba okha, komanso a shaman oyambirira - ansembe. Iwo ankachita ntchito yapadera ya sacral. Kujambula kusaka - kukhwima, kukolola zipatso - zokolola zochuluka m'nkhalango yozungulira, kuvina akazi - monga chizindikiro cha kupitiriza kwa banja komanso ana okhwima.

Ojambula oyambirira padziko lapansi ndi anthu osadziwika omwe akhala apainiya. Ndiwo omwe adasuntha lingaliro la dziko lapansi ku ndege ya mwalawo. Ichi chinali sitepe yayikulu pa chitukuko cha anthu onse ndi magawo ake a maganizo. Tikuwathokoza, tsopano tikusangalala ndi zojambula zamakono.