Kodi ndi anthu angati ku Russia? Mapu a anthu a ku Russia

Russia ndi dziko la mayiko osiyanasiyana. Kodi ndi anthu angati ku Russia? Ndi yani mwa iwo omwe ali ochuluka kwambiri? Kodi akukhazikika bwanji kudera lonselo? Tidzaphunzira zambiri za izi.

Kodi ndi anthu angati ku Russia?

Russia ikuphatikiza gawo lalikulu lomwe likuyambira ku Eastern Europe kupita ku North Asia. Malo ake ndi 17 125 191 kilomita lalikulu, ndi kukula kwake dziko liyamba padziko lonse lapansi.

Mwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, Russia ili pa udindo wachisanu ndi chinayi, ndi anthu 146.6 miliyoni. Kodi ndi anthu angati ku Russia? Zimakhala zovuta kutchula chiwerengero chenichenicho, koma pafupifupi 190 mwa iwo, kuphatikizapo amwenye ndi anthu ammudzi.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha deta pa chiwerengero cha Russia ndizowerengera, zomwe zinachitika mu 2010. Ufulu wa nzika za dzikoli sizisonyezedwa m'mapasipoti, chotero chiwerengero cha chiwerengerochi chinaperekedwa malinga ndi kudzipereka kwa anthu.

Anthu oposa 80% amadziwika kuti ndi a Russia, 19.1% mwa mitundu ina. Anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu ndi theka sakanenapo za mtundu wawo. Malingana ndi deta izi, chiwerengero cha anthu a ku Russia, omwe sadzidziona okha kukhala Achirasha, anali anthu 26.2 miliyoni.

Kusiyana kwa mafuko

Anthu a ku Russia ndiwo maiko ambiri, ndipo amapezeka m'madera ambiri a Russian Federation. Izi zikuphatikizapo Pomors, omwe amaimira aang'ono a anthu a ku Kareli ndi a Russia ku White Sea. Chiwerengero chachiwiri cha anthu ndi Chitata, chomwe chili Mishars, Kryashen, Astrakhan ndi Tatars Siberia.

Gulu la anthu ambiri ndi Aslav, makamaka a Russia, a Ukrainians, a Byelorussia, a Polesi ndi a Bulgaria. Iwo ndi a banja la Indo-European, limene ku Russia likuyimiridwa ndi gulu la Romance, Greek, German, Baltic, Iranian, Indo-Iranian ndi Armenian.

Zonsezi, pali anthu m'dera la boma omwe ali mabanja asanu ndi anayi a chinenero. Kuwonjezera pa Indo-European, iwo akuphatikizapo:

• Altaic;
• Tibetan buluu;
• The Urals-Yukagir;
• Chukchi-Kamchatka;
• The Yenisei;
• Kartvelian;
• The Eskimo-Aleutian;
• North Caucasus.

Anthu aang'ono a ku Russia amaimiridwa ndi kereks (anthu 4), anthu ambiri (64), Enets (227), zilonda (295), Chulymtsy (355), Aleuts (482), Negidals (513), Orochi (596). Izi zikuphatikizapo anthu omwe ali a Finno-Ugric, Samoyedic, Turkic, Sino-Tibetan magulu.

Anthu akuluakulu a ku Russia amaimiridwa mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi.

Mapu a anthu a ku Russia

Chiwerengero cha dzikolo sichikhala anthu. Kodi ndi anthu angati omwe akukhala ku Russia komanso momwe alili m'dera lawo, angasonyeze bwino mapu omwe ali pansipa. Ambiri amakhala m'dera la St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Novorossiysk ndi Primorye, kumene mizinda yonse ikuluikulu ilipo.

Anthu aakulu kwambiri ku Russia: Russia, Tatars ndi Ukrainians - makamaka amakhala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo. Anthu a ku Ukraine amapanga chiwerengero cha anthu okhala m'dera la Chukchi ndi Khanty-Mansiysk, m'dera la Magadan.

Ponena za gulu lonse la Asilavic, Amalonda ndi Mabulgaria samapanga magulu akulu ndipo amabalalitsidwa. Anthu ambiri a ku Poland amakhala m'dera la Omsk okha. Anthu a ku Belarus amapezeka ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, komanso ku Kaliningrad, Karelia, Khanty-Mansiysk.

Mapu a anthu a ku Russia akufotokozedwa pansipa.

Matatars

Chiwerengero cha a Tatta ku Russia ndi oposa 3 peresenti ya anthu onse. Amodzi mwa atatu alionse amakhala ku Republic of Tatarstan. Malo otsogolera ali m'dera la Ulyanovsk, chigawo cha Khanty-Mansiysk, Bashkortostan, Tyumen, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Penza ndi madera ena a boma.

Ambiri a Chitata ndi Asilamu a Sunni. Magulu osiyanasiyana a Tatars ali ndi kusiyana kwa zinenero, komanso amasiyana ndi miyambo ndi makhalidwe a moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Chilankhulo chawo chiri cha zilankhulo zachiTurkic za banja la Altai, liri ndi zilankhulo zitatu: Mishar (kumadzulo), Kazan (pakati), Siberia-Tatar (kum'maŵa). Ku Republic of Tatarstan, chilankhulo cha Chitata chili chovomerezeka.

Anthu otchedwa "Tatars" anawonekera m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi pakati pa mafuko achi Turkki, omwe adadzitcha okha. Atagonjetsa Golden Horde m'zaka za m'ma 1200. Dzinali limapitiriza ndipo limatanthawuza kale Mongol ndi mafuko ogonjetsedwa ndi iwo. Pambuyo pake mawuwo anagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera ndi anthu oyambirira a mtundu wa Mongol. Pokhala m'dera la Volga, mafuko awa adadzitcha Meselman, Mishar, Bolgra, Kazan, ndi zina zotero, kufikira m'zaka za zana la XIX adadziphatikiza okha pansi pa tanthauzo la "Tatars".

Ukrainians

Mmodzi wa anthu a ku East Slavic ndi anthu a ku Ukraine, ndipo amakhala makamaka ku Ukraine, komwe kuli anthu okwana 41 miliyoni. Makina aakulu a Chiyukireniya a diasporas ali ku Russia, USA, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Germany ndi mayiko ena.

Kuphatikizapo anthu ochokera kudziko lina, anthu pafupifupi 5 miliyoni a ku Ukraine amakhala ku Russia. Ambiri amakhala mumzinda. Malo akuluakulu a kukhazikitsidwa kwa fukoli ali kumadera a Moscow ndi Moscow, madera a Tyumen, Rostov, Omsk, madera a Primorsky ndi Krasnodar, chigawo cha Yamalo-Nenets, ndi zina zotero.

Mbiri ya anthu a ku Russia si ofanana. Malo akuluakulu a dziko la Russia omwe analamulidwa ndi a ku Ukraine anayamba nthawi imene ufumuwo unalipo. M'zaka za XVI-XVII, malinga ndi lamulo lachifumu, Cossacks, amuna okantha mfuti, oponya mivi ochokera ku Ukraine ndi Don anatumizidwa ku Siberia ndi ku Far East kuti apite patsogolo. Pambuyo pake, amphawi, anthu a m'matawuni, ndi oimira akuluakulu a chipani cha Cossack adatengedwa ukapolo kwa iwo.

Anzeruwo adasamukira ku St. Petersburg panthaŵi imene mzindawu unali likulu la Ufumu wa Russia. Pakali pano, a ku Ukraine akuimira mtundu waukulu kwambiri ku Russia pambuyo pa Russia.

Bashkirs

Dziko lachinayi lalikulu kwambiri ku Russia ndi Bashkirs. Ambiri amakhala ku Republic of Bashkortostan. Amakhalanso m'madera a Tyumen, Kurgan, Orenburg. Chiyankhulo cha Bashkir ndi cha banja la Altaic, chigawanika chakummwera ndi kummawa kwa chinenero ndi zilankhulo zingapo.

Malingana ndi zizindikiro za anthropological, anthuwa ndi a m'midzi yakumidzi ndi South Siberia (kummawa kwa Bashkirs) mitundu ya mitundu. Amaimira Europoids ndi gawo la Mongoloid. Malingana ndi chipembedzo chawo, iwo ndi Asilamu a Sunni.

Chiyambi cha anthu a Bashkir chikugwirizana ndi mafuko a Pechenegs (South Ural Bashkirs - Burzians, Sierganes), komanso a Polovtsians (Kypchaks, Canals) ndi Volga Bulgars (Bulyars). Makolo awo ankakhala mumidzi, Volga ndi Urals. Chikoka cha mapangidwe a anthu chinaperekedwa ndi a Mongols ndi a Tungus-Manchus.

Anthu achimwenye

Anthu amtunduwu amakhala ndi anthu 48. Zimapanga pafupifupi 0,3% ya chiwerengero cha anthu onse. Pafupifupi 12 mwa iwo ndi ochepa ndipo ndi ochepa kuposa anthu chikwi.

Anthu aang'ono a ku Russia amakhala makamaka kumpoto kwa boma, Far East ndi Siberia. Kaŵirikaŵiri amachitira ulimi wamakolo, kudyetsa nyama zamphongo, kusodza, kusaka ndi kubereka ng'ombe.

Anthu amtundu waukulu kwambiri ndi Nenets, amawerengetsa anthu pafupifupi 45,000. Iwo amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic Ocean ndipo amagawanika ku Ulaya ndi Asia. Anthu amabala nsomba ndipo amakhala ndi mliri - ziboliboli zooneka ngati ngodya, zophimbidwa ndi birch makungwa ndi kumva.

Kereks ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri ndipo amaimiridwa ndi anthu anayi okha malinga ndi kuwerengera. Zaka makumi asanu zapitazo panali pafupifupi 100 mwa iwo. Zinenero zoyambirira kwa iwo ndi Chukchi ndi Chirasha, chilankhulo cha chi Kerekeni chinakhalabe ngati chilankhulidwe chofala. Malingana ndi khalidwe la chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe, iwo ali ofanana ndi anthu a Chukchi, kotero iwo amafanana nawo.

Kutsiliza

Russia kwa makilomita ambiri adayambira kumadzulo kupita kummawa, akukhudza dziko lonse la Europe ndi Asia. Anthu oposa 190 amakhala m'madera ambiri. Anthu a ku Russia ndiwo ambiri ndipo amaimira mtundu wotchuka wa dzikoli.

Anthu ena akuluakulu ndi a Chitata, a Ukrainians, a Bashkirs, a Chuvash, a Avars, ndi ena. Ambiri mwa iwo sapitirira zikwi zingapo. Zing'onozing'ono ndi Kereks, Enets, Ults, Aleuts, zimakhala makamaka m'chigawo cha Siberia ndi ku Far East.