Mapiri a Southern Southern Siberia: mbiri ndi geography

Chimodzi mwa mapiri akuluakulu a mapiri, omwe akukwera makilomita 4,500, okhala ndi makilomita oposa 1.5 miliyoni - mapiri a Southern Siberia. Zobisika mkatikati mwa Asia, kuyambira kumadzulo ndikukwera ku gombe la Pacific, maunyolowa amapanga madzi pakati pa mitsinje yayikulu ya Siberia ikuyenda kupita ku nyanja ya Arctic ndi malo osadziwika otchuka a Far East, akupereka madzi awo kwa Tihom. Mphepete mwa mapiri a kum'mwera kwa Siberia ali ndi kutalika kwakukulu pamwamba pa nyanja ndipo amadziwika bwino kuti ndi malo ozungulira. Zoposa 60% zimakhala ndi phiri la taiga. Mpumulo wa kutalika kwake wonse umadalumikizana kwambiri, ndi amplitudes of high altitude, ndipo izi zimapangitsa malo osiyanasiyana ndi zosiyanitsa zachilengedwe ndi nyengo.

Geology

Mapiri a South Siberia sanapangidwe kamodzi. Choyamba, kukwera kwa tectonic kunachitika m'dera la Baikal ndi m'mapiri a Eastern Sayan, izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi miyala ya Precambrian ndi Lower Paleozoic. Mu Paleozoic the Altai, Western Sayan ndi Rangi Salaire anapanga. Pambuyo pake, kale ku Mesozoic, Eastern Transbaikalia inadzuka. Mapangidwe a mapiri akupitirizabe mpaka lero, monga momwe ziwonetsedwera ndi zivomezi za pachaka ndi kayendedwe ka dziko lapansi ngati mawonekedwe otsika kapena kupititsa patsogolo. Mapiri a Southern Siberia anapangidwa ndi mphamvu ya quaternary glaciation. Mitengo ya glaciersyi siinali yokhayokha, koma inkafika kumapiri a kum'mwera chakumadzulo. Anali madzi oundana omwe anaphwanya mapiriwo ndipo anapanga miyala yachitsulo, chifukwa choti ziphuphuzo zinakhala zopapatiza komanso zowona, otsetsereka - otsetsereka, mapiri - akuya.

Nyengo ndi mitundu ya mpumulo

Ponseponse kutalika kwa gawoli mapiri a ku Siberia Kummwera ali ndi kutentha kwapachaka pachaka, ndiko kuti, nyengo yayitali ndi chisanu. Kumadzulo kumadzulo chilimwe chimvula, chivundikiro cha chisanu ndi champhamvu kwambiri - kufika mamita atatu. Pachifukwachi mapiri a South Siberia m'malowa ali ndi mchere wamchere (mkungudza, mkungudza), pali madambo ambiri ndi malo okongola kwambiri. Kumalo otsetsereka kummawa ndi m'mitsinje ya mvula ndi kocheperapo, nyengo yotentha ndi yotentha komanso yowuma kwambiri, malo amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Pakati pa mapiri onse a phiri la South Siberia chifukwa cha chipale chofewa chikumera ku Altai, kumapiri a kum'mawa kwa Sayan komanso ku Stanoi Highlands - palinso ma glaciers. Makamaka ambiri a Altai - makilomita 900 makilomita a glaciation.

Kudera la Mitsinje Yaikulu

Ndiko kuti mitsinje yonse yaikulu ya Siberia imayambira : Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Lena, Amur. Zimayenda koyamba m'mitsinje yaing'ono yomwe imakhala yolimba kwambiri pakati pa miyala yolimba komanso yosasinthika. Zamakono zimadalira mofulumira - otsetsereka pamsewu amatha masentimita makumi awiri pa kilomita imodzi ya magalimoto. Pansi pa pafupifupi mitsinje yonse inasiya miyala yamadzimadzi ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali, "mutu wa mutton", nsanamira ndi moraines. Mapiri a South Siberia, omwe mapu awo amaphunziridwa ngakhale kusukulu, amapangidwa m'mabasi awo ndipo amayendetsa bwino kukongola kwa nyanjayi. Pali zambiri, ndipo zina ndi zokongola kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Multinsky a ku Altai anadutsa pamalo omwewo Teletskoye - ngale yapafupi ndi Aya. Mkulu ndi wokongola ndi nyanja yoyera padziko lonse - Nyanja ya Baikal. Markakol wabwino, Ulug-Hol, Toja.