Inalowa ku Russian Asia Central. History analanda dziko la Central Asia

A zaka mazana angapo zapitazo ndipo kwa zisinthe Russian Ufumu kukodzedwa malire ake nthawi zonse. M'madera ena anasonkhana pamodzi ndi kumenya nkhondo (ambiri a iwo anakumasulani mdani), ndi zina - mwamtendere. Mwachitsanzo, kutsatira Central Asia Russia wakhala pang'onopang'ono komanso magazi. Ambiri mwa anthu a mitundu awa okha anatembenukira kwa Ufumu ndi pempho kuti muwachotse iwo. Chifukwa chachikulu kuti - chitetezo.

Masiku amenewo, pa malire a ku Central Asia kwawo kwa mafuko ambiri feuding woyendayendawu. Kudziteteza ku matenda mdani wamphamvu, m'pofunika tipezekemo thandizo la boma lamphamvu. Choncho gawo pang'onopang'ono anagwirizana dziko lathu. Kodi kujowina Central Asia ku Russia? Makamaka mfundo za m'mbiri ndi owerenga adzaphunzilanso pa nkhani imeneyi.

Tanthauzo la m'mbiri

Izi zofunika chochitika mbiri, ngati inalowa kwa Russia mu Kazakhstan ndi ku Central Asia, akhoza imawunikidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Koyamba kwenikweni chinali anagonjetsa kenako kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulamuliro theka-atsamunda. Komabe, Central mitundu Asian ndi mafuko, makamaka underdeveloped poyerekeza ndi azungu, anali ndi mwayi kukhala chikhalidwe ndi chuma, ndi pa mofulumira zolimira. Ukapolo, maziko umutu, umphawi ndi mgwirizano wa anthu akale.

Popeza kuti inalowa a ku Central Asia

Economic ndi chikhalidwe chitukuko cha chigawo chapakati ku Asia wa Russian ufumuwo Russian boma pa kutsogolo. Makampani analengedwa, izo zinali zosatheka izi dera osauka ulimi. Ulimi komanso kusintha ndi kukhala zosavuta. Osanenapo chitukuko cha zomangamanga chikhalidwe mu mawonekedwe a sukulu, zipatala ndi malaibulale. A miyambo ya m'dera la anthu ameneŵa anawononga palibe ndi sizimathandiza kupewa kuti linapereka kwa kulemera zina Pawokha dziko chikhalidwe ndi kuphatikiza a anthu. Pang'onopang'ono Central Asia analowa danga Russian malonda ndipo musakhale kachipangizo osati kudera lakutali pa mapu, ndiponso mbali zonse kunachitika wa wamphamvu Russian Ufumu.

Yambani chitukuko madera atsopano

ndi mbiri ya Central Asia ku Russia chiyani? Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa mapu akale, sakhoza kuona dziko ili mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa malo malire a tsarist Russia. Izi ndi Asia Central. Iwo umachokera ku Tibet kwa Caspian Nyanja mapiri, ku malire a Iran ndi Afghanistan ku South Urals ndi Siberia. Ine kumeneko chifukwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 5, zomwe ndi mfundo masiku ano kuli kuposa anthu iliyonse yaikulu mitu dziko.

Kumbali ya chitukuko chuma ndiponso umoyo wa anthu Central Asia zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake. Kusiyana kwambiri anthu m'njira za ulimi. Ena ankaona kuti nyama husbandry, ena - ulimi, ndi ena - malonda ndi ntchito zamanja zosiyanasiyana. No malonda sanali kuona. Atsogoleriwa, ukapolo ndi kupondereza ambuye ang'onoang'ono, aang'ono awo anali mizati ya anthu m'magulu ku Central Asia yosiyanasiyana.

A pang'ono madera

Patsogolo ku Central Asia chuma cha Russian Ufumu anakhala, iwo anawagawa zinthu zitatu zosiyana: ndi Bukhara Emirate, Kokand ndi Khiva Khanate. Ndiko kumene malonda asangalala, kupanga Bukhara ndi Samarkand Masitolo m'madera a. Tsopano Central Asia ndi zisanu ndi mayiko odzilamulira. Iwo Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Kazakhstan.

Pofunafuna kugwirizananso yachilendo zachuma ndi izi kutali ku zigawo Russian anali kucitika mu zoyambirira za m'ma XIX. Koma kanthu analibe. Izi zonse zinasintha pamene Britain anakonza kuwukira kwa Asia Central. Zofuna za mphamvu zazikulu ziwiri za m'mbuyomo anakumana ndi Russian Ufumu sakanachitira mwina koma kupewa malowedwe a British kumalire awo.

Maulendowa loyamba

Monga woyambitsa kujowina Russia ku Central Asia? Kuphunzira m'dera lino, ndithudi, akhala wochitidwa ndi zankhondo. Maulendowa zolinga zitatu woyamba Russian mtendere anathamangitsa ku Central Asia. ntchito zasayansi ndi N. V. Hanykov, zamtendere - N. P. Ignatev ndi Ch Ch Valikhanov anakhala mtsogoleri wa ntchito malonda.

Zonsezi zinachitika kuti akhazikitse kulankhula ndi dera malire yachilendo mwamtendere. Komabe, 1863 ndi prerequisites kwa kuwukira usilikali zimene zinachitika mu Kokand Khanate. Mu chipwirikiti ndi ong'ambika ang'onoang'ono nkhondo mtunda nkhondo pakati pa mitundu escalate wamphamvu. Izi zinachititsa kuti aukire asilikali Russian.

Woyamba Russian ntchito asilikali ku Central Asia wakhala ntchito yochotsa Tashkent. Iye analephera. Koma zaka ziwiri nkhondo yapachiweniweni wofooka mdani, ndipo kenako mzindawo m'manja popanda kumenyana, ngakhale ena a mbiri yakale amati yaing'ono kumenyana ndi mfuti akadali zikuchitika, ndipo mmodzi wa iwo atamwalira Seyit Sultan Khan. Patapita chaka limodzi ndi Russian Tashkent, anapanga Turkestan General boma.

pasadakhale zina

Monga Central Asia ku Russia chinachitika? Kuyambira 1867 mpaka 1868 ya nkhondo anapita ku Bukhara. Local Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu ku kuipitsidwa ndi British kulengeza nkhondo pa Russia. Koma Russian asilikali pambuyo mndandanda wa kupambana amakakamizidwa mdani kusaina pangano mtendere. Pamaso pa zikamera wa Republic of Bukhara Bukhara Soviet anali m'manja mwa Russia.

Khiva Khanate inatenga pafupifupi chimodzimodzi mpaka 1920, pamene panalibe asilikali ufumu ndi Red Army nagubuduza khan. Mu 1876, gawo la Russia anakhala Kokand Khanate. Mu 1885 ndondomeko kuloŵa m'madera Central Asia anali pafupifupi onse. Ngati zinthu zimene tafotokozazi, pafupifupi anabwera nkhondo ndi Great Britain, zomwe si kuyamba yekha chifukwa cha khama la Bolivia.

inalowa Kazakhstan a

Pamene izo zinayambira ku Central Asia ku Russia? Choyamba anatembenukira kwa Russia Kazakhstan. The inalowa wa dziko linayamba mu 20s wa atumwi XVIII kale ndi maulendo oyamba Asia Central. State adzazunzidwa mikangano ndi mafuko oyandikana monga Dzhungars. Izi amakakamizidwa gawo la Kazakhs kupempha thandizo Russian. Mu 1731 Mfumukazi Anna Ivanovna mwalamulo anavomera pempholi Abulhair Khan.

Izo ziyenera kuti Khan anali ndi zifukwa zake ankanena kuti korona Russian, chifukwa sali onse monga choncho, iye anali pa mutu wa gawo ulamuliro wake. Choncho kuopsa kuwukira woyendayendawu anakhalabe.

Pang'onopang'ono, sultans ena a Kazakhstan anatenga Russian nzika. Mu 1740, mbali ina ya dziko aloŵa nawo Russian Ufumu. zigawo chapakati ndi kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan akhala Ufumuyo ndi usilikali ndipo alowererepo ndale, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo ngati panali chidwi m'madera ena a ku Central Asia dera.

Inalowa ku Russian Central Asia kwa zaka mazana angapo. Monga tanena, ena mwa madera mwaufulu wauzidwa iwo, ena anagonjetsa. Pofuna kutsindika kuno akhoza kukhala imeneyi, mosiyana ndi chimodzimodzi Great Britain, Russia kufuna kuthandiza chitukuko cha madera linalanda ndi kwina kumanga maofesi osiyanasiyana mafakitale ndi boma. Choncho kujowina Russia ku Central Asia anathandiza kuti chitukuko cha deralo.