American maganizo ndiponso Katswiri Meyo Elton: yonena zopereka kwa sayansi. kuyesera Hawthorne

chiphunzitso Modern kasamalidwe yachilendo inachokera pa malingaliro sayansi mmodzi wa akuluakulu - a maganizo, amene amaganizira udindo wa ubale lotha zosiyanasiyana khalidwe. Great mphatso za chitukuko ya School of Management, anayambitsa Elton Mayo. Anthu akagonana sukulu chinali chiyambi cha latsopano kafukufuku m'munda wa Chaanthu wa kasamalidwe, kuwerenga maganizo gulu ndi kasamalidwe kuwerenga maganizo.

Elton Meyo: yonena (1880 - 1949)

Meyo Elton anabadwa mu Australia (Adelaide) mu 1880 ku banja la zenizeni malo. Akukonzekera ntchito adzalandira agogo ake, amene anali dokotala wotchuka, Mayo Elton zaka zinayi kuphunzira mankhwala mabungwe osiyana maphunziro: Adelaide University, ndi University of Edinburgh, ndi London Medical School. Chidwi ndi zaumunthu, iye mu 1911 maphunziro anga ku yunivesite digiri ya mu "Psychology."

Meyo Elton anaganiza kudzipereka kwa sayansi ndipo waphunzitsa pa University of Queensland (Brisbane), kenako University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia), ndipo kuyambira 1926 - Harvard Business School (USA). Kwa zaka zisanu, Meyo Elton, pulofesa ndi ntchito bwana, chinkhoswe kafukufuku mafakitale, ndalama zolipirira ndi Rockefeller Foundation. Atapuma, anasamukira ku England, kumene Meyo Elton anamwalira mu 1949.

Zimene Hawthorne Mayo

Makamaka otchuka mu asayansi anali zatsopano za Elton Mayo, yomwe inachitika ku Hawthorne pa imodzi mwa makampani ŵa - 'Western Zamagetsi' mu 1927-1932, motero. The ndondomeko kupanga kumalo a ntchito unapangidwa bungwe ku view mfundo kasamalidwe sayansi Taylor ndi Ford.

HR kasamalidwe chitsanzo anali paternalistic. Pa antchito yemweyo nthawi ndi penshioni kungakupatseni inshuwalansi ndi olumala. Chimakhudza osati pa chilengedwe cha zomangamanga mafakitale, komanso kumanga minda masewera, masukulu, masitolo, zibonga, etc. Chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito - anthu 30 zikwi amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

magawo a phunziro

Phunziro loyamba mu zimenezo (1924-1927 gg.) Kodi umalimbana kuphunzira zotsatira za kuunika yozungulira pa zokolola. The amanena za zotsatira zabwino zounikira sanali anatsimikizira. Akatswiri anafotokoza chakuti ntchito zokolola zikusintha mchikakamizo cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana chokhwima.

(. 1927-1932), gawo lachiwiri la phunziro dzina lake anali "Hawthorne Zatsopano", ndipo magulu angapo ankagwira: gulu brigade okhometsa kulandirana ogwira ntchito exfoliated Mica, typists gulu ndi timu amuna, omwe amapereka kutsimikizira matelefoni, koyilo kumulowetsa, etc. . kusankha magulu chifukwa kufanana kwa kantchito - ntchito mobwerezabwereza, yomwe inkafuna mkulu mwatsatanetsatane.

Akamanena za zatsopano Hawthorne

Mu kuyesera a magulu a nawo okhometsa kulandirana poyamba anayeza ndi msinkhu wawo munthu wa zokolola. Mu ndondomeko antchito kafukufuku gulu amapereka zosiyanasiyana mbali zina, anasintha kantchito, etc. kuti apeze deta za mfundo zomwe zimakhudza ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, njira ya kulimbikitsa gulu anamugwiritsa ntchito kuti atchule yopuma zina kupuma, yafupika nthawi mlungu uliwonse ndi tsiku ntchito, zakulitsa kuyan'anila thanzi la antchito, kwambiri chinaperekedwa kwa gulu kuyesera kasamalidwe kampani.

Ndalama zimenezi zinathandiza kuti zotsatira za kuwongolera udindo wa antchito, kusunga chikhalidwe wochezeka mu timu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, gulu anali ndi mkangano antchito ake awiri aja ndi mutu zimenezo, zokolola inayamba kugwa. Pambuyo kuchotsedwa kwa ogwira ntchito awo ndi kutenga malo awo mphamvu zatsopano yopanga chawonjezeka pafupifupi ndi 30%.

Okonza kuyesera ananenera kuti analembedwa kumene usilikali, Posonyezana kuli ndi okhazikika bwino mosamala ankachita ntchito zawo akatswiri ndi antchito akulu, chifukwa choopa kuchotsedwa, anayamba kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.

The brigade pickers chachiwiri, gulu ulamuliro, komanso analipira premiums ntchito gulu, ndi zikhalidwe zina zowonjezera ali sanalengedwa chifukwa iwo.

Ntchito Brigade, amene ankachita nawo delamination wa Mica, amalipidwa monga munthu chidutswa-mlingo dongosolo malipiro. typists gulu analandira malipiro mlungu zochokera zotsatira za ntchito anachita payekha.

Ntchito experimental mu Mayo

Meyo Elton analandira zokhudza khalidwe la mndandanda wa maphunziro mu chimango zimenezo, anafotokoza ndi kutanthauziridwa zotsatira, kampani zikuzidwa ofufuza za, anthu bwino zotsatira za zatsopano Hawthorne. The kampani "Western Zamagetsi" analipira ntchito Mayo kuchuluka kwa $ 2,500 pa chaka (1929-1933.). Kumapeto kwa zatsopano, mu 1933, anafalitsa ndemanga Mayo "mavuto Human wa chitukuko mafakitale," komwe kunasonyeza osati zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi nkhani pachikuto cha bata chikhalidwe cha anthu mafakitale.

Kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira za Elton Mayo

Kusanthula zotsatira za zatsopano Hawthorne, Meyo Elton akunena za kuwerenga maganizo a ntchito, unsembe mkati mwa wantchito, kukhutitsidwa ake kuchita ntchito, komanso m'mlengalenga maganizo mu gulu ndi utsogoleri kalembedwe.

Ofufuza inati osati chidwi chokwanira linaperekedwa Mayo zolimbikitsa ntchito zakuthupi. Kuganizira bata chikhalidwe, Mayo ananena kuti chifukwa cha mizinda ndi mafakitale a anthu akukumana ndi mavuto chikhalidwe (anomie).

Nthanthi Mayo

Ambiri kuphunzira ubale lotha mu malo ogwilila ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito 'zimene anthu, anaika maziko a mawonedwe latsopano mu chiphunzitso kasamalidwe, anagwirizana ndi dzina la Elton Mayo.

Zotsatira za kafukufuku unakhala maziko a substantiation sayansi ndi maganizo kukonza zokolola chifukwa cha kusintha mawu chosaoneka ndi maso. Mosiyana ndi ziphunzitso zina zimene ankaona ubale chachikulu zokolola komanso malipiro, Meyo Elton adati khalidwe la ntchito amakhudza wantchito wokhutira ndi udindo wawo timu, maubwenzi ndi Mabwana ndi anzake.

Choncho, kuwongolera chikhalidwe gulu, bwino lotha muzochitika ndi kiyi ulamuliro othandiza kwambiri ngati mmene taonera Elton Mayo. Zimene Hawthorne zinali patsogolo pamudzipo anthu pa nkhani kukondoweza mawonedwe oyang'anira.

Kontsentsiya khalidwe chikhalidwe

Mosiyana ndi munthu zachuma (Taylor) lingaliro, mfundo khalidwe la munthu chikhalidwe waika patsogolo Elton Mayo. Management Cholinga kuonjezera zokolola mu timu. Ntchito gulu, monga dongosolo ina chikhalidwe, osiyanasiyana nesummativnosti katundu, mwachitsanzo, irreducibility katundu wa dongosolo kuti Uwerenge katundu wa zanyengo. Mamembala a ndodo, aliyense amene ali munthu ndi zofuna zawo, ayenera, zolinga, mawonekedwe ndi nthawi dongosolo lapadera chikhalidwe.

njira kasamalidwe umalimbana ziyende bwino. Aliyense m'deralo, iwo adzakhala kudzudzulidwa. Koma ambiri olankhula, dongosolo kulamulira zochokera authoritarianism, kungakhale sakhalitsa, ndi ntchito pokhapokha pa zinthu zina. zochita za anthu zitha kukhala bwino ndi proviso kuti akukumana zofuna zake.