Semyon Chathu - mwana wa Grand Prince Ivan Kalita. Mwachidule mbiri, mu ulamuliro

Semyon Chathu anali mwana wamkulu wa Grand Prince wa Moscow ndi Vladimir Ivana Danilovicha Kality. Mu ulamuliro wake unali mbali yofunika kwambiri kuwuka kwa likulu ndi kulimbitsa akuluakulu Grand. Pa nthawi yomweyo wolamulira analimbana ndi Novgorod ndi Lithuania, amene kobvuta asapita ake ndi olamulira ena appanage. Komabe, olemba mbiri kwambiri kuzindikira kuti wachita zambiri kwa kugonjera abale awo wamng'ono ndi m'mayiko oyandikana nawo.

zaka zoyambirira

Chathu Simon anabadwira mu 1317. Asayansi kukanganira za tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwake, ena amanena kuti 7 September - phwando tsiku la St. Sozont. Iwo anatenga dzina la kalonga pa tonsure asanafe. Information za unyamata wake anakhalabe ochepa. Amadziwika kuti mayi ake anali mkazi woyamba Ivana Kality Mfumukazi Elena. Ndi chikhalidwe cha wolamulira wam'tsogolo wa kampeni koposa atate wake, amalume ake, Yuri Danilovich, amene anali wolimba mtima, wolimba mtima ndipo nthawi zambiri anaika. Semyon Chathu ndendende khalidwe chomwecho ndipo linkatchedwa dzina. Ndipo ngati bambo wake anali mobisa, wochenjera, kusamala, ndiye m'malo mwake, akuchita zinthu mopupuluma ndipo ngakhale kwambiri.

voknyazheniya

Ivan Danilovich, anamwalira mu 1340. Monga mwa chifuniro chake, iye anasiya ambiri a mwana wamkulu wa cholowa. Koma chizindikiro Kalonga anafunika kupeza Simungachite chiguluchi khan. Komabe, sizinali kosavuta monga atsogoleri ena ambiri maukulu, anayesa m'njira iliyonse kupeza satifiketi Suzdal wolamulira Konstantin Vasilyevich. chakuti Ivan Danilovich anagonjetsa mphamvu zake maukulu ambiri, adagula dziko, ankakopa kuti boyars wake mbali, ndi anthu wamba. Kotero tsopano akalonga ambiri ankafuna kuti amuchotsepo a boma Moscow. Komabe, Semyon Chathu akadali nacho chizindikiro kukuchitika chifukwa chakuti bambo wake pa moyo wake anayambitsa ana ake Khan, popeza akwaniritsa malo chake. Komanso, mfumu yatsopano anali wolemera ndipo anapereka Khan mphatso olemera kuti zinthu zimuyendere bwino ake.

The mgwirizano ndi abale

Kukhala ndi chizindikiro pa Vladimir ukulu, mkulu wa chinthu choyamba atamusamalira olamulira junior subordinated mphamvu zawo. Semyon Chathu, amene ulamuliro - 1340-1353, pachiyambi penipeni pa voknyazheniya wake inawombana boma ku likulu la dziko, zokhudzana boyar magulu kutsutsidwa. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti mmodzi mwa abale ake wakhala kugwirizana ndi vuto izi zimachititsa ndale. Kuti ndikhadzikike zinthu, kalonga anapangana ndi Andrei ndi Ivan pangano Ivanovich, zomwe zinasungidwa lero mu mawonekedwe a chilema. Iwo mbali alonjeza kukhala okhulupirika ndi indivisibility chuma chawo ndi kuchita pamodzi adani wamba. Ana a Ivan Kalita anaika, kotero ambiri mzere ndale khalidwe. Zimasonyeza chakuti azichimwene anazindikira ukulu wa mfumu yatsopano nampatsa zina chuma Kalonga pozindikira udindo wake.

Relations mnansi wake wakumpoto

Moscow, Novgorod nthawi zonse zimatsutsana. Woyamba Inayesetsa kulimbikitsa m'dera limeneli ililipo, wachiwiri - M'malo mwake kukhalabe kukopa kwake yaikulu kumpoto cha dziko. Ivan Kalita muulamuliro wake kawirikawiri adamfunsa ku ndalama mzinda kupereka msonkho kwa khan. Pali maganizo kuti akanati afunse anthu ake kuposa izo anavomereza kuti zonse ayambitsa mikangano. Kalonga wa Moscow asilikali wotanganidwa angapo m'madera nkhani ku Republic. Pakuti nkhondo adziwitse Prince anasaina mgwirizano ndi mfumu Chilituyaniya, kukwatira mwana wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi. Simeon wa Moscow anapitiriza mfundo bambo ake. Pamene iye anali mu gulu la, Novgorod kale mwina atengenso otayika pansi. Komabe, bwanamkubwa Moscow anatenga Torzhok ndi kuika kwa wachiwiri wake. Patapita nthawi, ndi atasemphana itayamba, koma ndi thandizo la Metropolitan a Novgorod, mayikowo anagwirizana. Wolamulira anamuzindikira monga mutu wa mzinda, ndi Moscow, Novgorod kwa nthawi agwirizanenso.

Yambani mikangano ndi Lithuania

Nkomwe bwino ndi mabwalo a kumpoto, Simoni ankavutikanso watsopano, nthawi imeneyi - ndi amene kalelo Western. Chilituyaniya Duke Algirdas ankafuna kwambiri mphamvu kuchuluka kwa likulu la dziko wachita zinthu Kusokoneza kukopa kwake. Poyamba, anakonza ndawala Mozhaisk, koma sanathe bwino. Kwa iye, kulephera ichi poyamba anali Kalanga koposa kuti mdani wake kuchuluka atakhala Torzhok amene analipira msonkho kwa iye kuchuluka kwa rubles 1,000 - ndalama zambiri kwa nthawi. Grand Duke Vladimir kuphunzira zokhudza zimene wolamulira Chilituyaniya, adaganiza kuti safuna ndi Khan anatumiza akazembe kudandaula za kugwa kwa maiko Russian. Iye anaima kumbali ya Moscow Mbewu, Algirdas kuti mtendere ndi iye.

ukwati lachitatu

kufunika kwakukulu lamulo la Moscow akalonga ankaimba chibale. Zolimbitsira wake Simon anakwatira mwana wa kazembe wa Tver. dzina la mkazi wake linali Maria Alexandrovna. Mkazi wake wachitatu. ukwati pa nthawi ya alinkuyanjanitsa awiri chikumenyana maphwando. Mwana wamkazi wa mfumu zaka wake ubwana mu Pskov chakuti bambo ake pambuyo yimitsira a chiwembu mu mzinda anakakamizika kubisa kumpoto. Pambuyo pa kupha mkulu wa Tver mu mlingo wa Khan mtsikana ndi banja lake anali m'bale-mu bwalo. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Semyon otsiriza anapanga zothetsera kwa mzukulu wake, amene anali ndi thandizo la chizindikiro pa lina la Tver ukulu ndipo anali mchikakamizo cha Moscow. The kugwirizananso linasindikizidwa ndi ukwati. Maria A. anakwatira mbewu, chotero, ndi wosamwerana madzi pakati pa maufumu panthawiyo inaimitsidwa. Mu ukwati iye anali ndi ana anayi, amene anamwalira mliriwo.

ndale dynastic

Semyon, monga bambo wake, zoyenera chidwi maukwati. Mu 1350 iye analola kalonga Chilituyaniya Olgerd kukwatira mlongo wake wa mkazi wake Ulyana. Choncho, poyamba anali adani akhala apongozi kuti angathe kuonedwa kuti ndi wamkulu kupambana mfundo yachilendo. Komanso, anakwatira mwana wake wamkazi kwa Prince Kashin, zalimbitsa malo ake ndi chikoka mu lina la Tver ukulu. zimakhalira pachibale amenewa kenako anatsimikiza mayikidwe a mphamvu mu Moscow-Tver nkhondo mu theka lachiwiri la atumwi 14.

Imfa ndi Testament

Mu 1353 m'mayiko Russian mliriwo. Iye anabwera likulu la dziko kuchokera kumpoto kudzera Pskov. Matenda oopsa anafa ana wolamulirayo, ndipo kenako iye. Asanafe, iye tonsured ndi dzina Sozont. Kalonga anasiya adzakhala ndi pangano, zosiyana kwambiri makalata ndi makalata a otsatira ake bambo ake.

chifuniro ichi, iye anasiya cholowa chake kwa mkazi wake umene zisanachitikepo isanayambe kapena itatha. Komabe, dongosolo ndi chifukwa mavuto m'banja. Popeza mbewu analibe olowa, iye alibe kusankha. Komabe, pali umboni wakuti pa nthawi imene Grand Duchess anali woyembekezera, ndi testator anafuna kupita udindo wake kalonga ndi dziko. Kusiyana kwina zofunika pakati gwero la zilembo zina - ndi lamulo la wolamulira kuti tidzakhale mwamtendere komanso kumvera Abambo a Tchalitchi ndi boyars. Anauzanso abale ake kuchita chifuniro chake, kukumbukira mawu a pangano lake ndi iwo, ndipo akulangiza kalonga boyars. Pakuti chikalata yosindikiza priveshen atatu, imodzi muli mawu "Grand Prince wa Russia." mbiri yakale zonse khutu ku mfundo wotsiriza monga mfundo imene imaonetsa wolamulira wa Moscow amati ukulu pa maiko onse Russian. Atamwalira anakhala wolamulira wa lotsatira yakale m'bale Ivan, amene dzina Red. Grand Duke anatenga Mfumukazi Mbali yaikulu ya ukulu wa wambiri, potero kamodzinso kulimbikitsa udindo wa wolamulira wamkulu. Sitepe analinso zofunika kwambiri ndale. Maria Alexandrovna wa Tver ngati wolemekezeka, akanakhoza kugona amati mbali ya dziko, kuti zinthu ya nkhondoyo zonse pakati pa malo awiri akuluakulu a Russia zinali zoopsa kwambiri umodzi wa patrimony Kalitovichey.

mtengo bolodi

Semyon Ivanovich zaka ulamuliro inali nthawi ya mtima zina ndi kuwuka kwa Moscow. Iye anapitiriza mfundo ya bambo ake ndipo anapambana pa kuzipeleka kwa olamulira osiyanasiyana kudzera nkhondo ndi mabanja dynastic. Relations ndi gulu pa siteji zinali chimodzimodzi: ngati bambo ake, wolamulira latsopano anapita Khan mlingo ndi ntchito msonkho olemera ndi ziphuphu zolinga zawo. Komabe, pamene Muscovy opanda wolowa nyumba. Mwamwayi, ife anapulumuka abale ake awiri, amene anakhala mfumu yatsopano wamkulu wolamulira. Semyon Chathu, kanthawi yonena kuti ndi nkhani ya takambiranazi, anakumbukira m'nthawi yake penapake ndondomeko phompho. olamulira ambiri yeniyeni anali osakhutira naye adafunsira kugonjera ndi mtima wonse ulamuliro wake. Iye anali pa malo ngati voknyazheniya Khan analamula kuti aliyense amvere iye. Chidwi kalonga uyu anasunga mu sayansi yamakono mbiri. Asayansi ambiri powasamalira polimbana boyars mu likulu kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wake, komanso asapita Moscow-Chilituyaniya.