Muscovy ndi akalonga ake choyamba

Mu 1147, kwa nthawi yoyamba kutchulidwa m'masiku a Moscow. Pa nthawiyo anali chuma cha Prince Yuriya Dolgorukogo. M'zaka za m'ma 12, Moscow anali yaing'ono m'tauni yotchedwa. Panali pa nthawi imeneyo malire maukulu 4: Smolensk, Ryazan, Vladimir ndi Suzdal ndi Chernigov. Iwo anali ndi zovuta zake. Location pa mphambano ya 4 maukulu chinamupangitsa "thoroughfare" pa nkhondo ya akalonga. Choncho, yofunika kwambiri wapatsidwa kulimbikitsa mzinda. Choncho, mu 1156 likulu panopa Russia walimba ndi makoma latsopano matabwa. Pofika m'ma 12, mzindawo unakhala yaikulu Komabe, unatenga dera osapitirira theka la Kremlin lero. Pa nthawi iyi, Moscow ukulu sanali palokha. Unali mbali ya dziko Vladimir-Suzdal.

Muscovites anatenga gawo mu nkhondo internecine. Mu 1170 analimbikitsa abale A. Bogolyubsky ndi Jaropolk kanthu kulanda dziko lawo. Atamva kuti nkhondoyo inali nawo Moscow, Yaroslav anakakamizika kubwerera. Pakuti ichi, chaka chotsatira, mzindawo unawotchedwa.

Mu 1238, Moscow anawonongedwa ndi gulu la. Komabe, ngakhale, anapitiriza kusangalala mbiri ya kumalire otetezeka.

Kalonga wa Moscow mu 1250 anali Alexander Nevsky, amene anapatsa kwa mwana wake Daniel ukulu. Kwa nthawi yaitali mnyamatayo anali pansi pa tutelage m'bale wa bambo akewo. zaka 10 pambuyo pake, Daniele anakhala kalonga wa Moscow ndipo motero anaika maziko a Moscow akalonga a mzere.

Malire a maphunziro onse ang'onoang'ono. Monga mbali panali awiri okha m'mizinda ikuluikulu Zvenigorod ndi Moscow. Komanso panali 3 zigawo: Radonezh, Ruza ndi Przemysl.

Ngakhale kukula kwake laling'ono, ukulu wa Moscow kale mu zaka za m'ma 14, akhoza kulimbana mizinda ikuluikulu monga Tver. M'nthawi ya yomweyo anayamba mwachangu kujowina zigawo zina za Russia.

Eksodo ya anthu kuchokera Murom, Rostov, Vladimir chifukwa zankhanza wa Chitata anapanga Muscovy mmodzi wa populata kwambiri. Izi zinathandiza kuti boma kuti adzauka.

Kutsegula zamalonda polumikiza Lithuania ndi Poland ndi Polotsk, Smolensk, East anatilola kuti Muscovy vuto la zachuma.

Distance ku Chilituyaniya Chitata komanso zinathandiza kwambiri kulimbikitsa mzinda m'zaka 14.

Akalonga woyamba wa Moscow

The kholo la akalonga a mzere imatengedwa Daniil Aleksandrovich. Mu 1263, iye analandira kuchokera kwa bambo ake Aleksandra Nevskogo, ndi zamasiye, amene patapita kanthawi nayamba kunyamula dzina la "Muscovy". Pamene Daniil anali kusinthidwa Kremlin, anakhazikitsa St. Danilov ansembe yotchedwa, anamanga mpingo. Mu ulamuliro wake, likulu la Russia yamakono kwambiri kukodzedwa malire ndi analimbitsa ake.

Atamwalira Daniel Alexandrovich dziko zapita mwana wake wamkulu - Yuri Danilovich, amene pambuyo pa imfa ya mkulu wa Tver anapambana ndi ufulu ukulu wa Vladimir. Pamene Yuri Moscow kukodzedwa malire ake: mu 1303 ndipo linalanda Kolomna Mozhaisk.

Pambuyo pa kupha wa Yuri Danilovich Duchy wa Moscow ankadutsa m'bale wake - Ivan Kalita. Mu ulamuliro wake linali lofika Yaropolch, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Bogolyubovo, Pereslavl-Zaleski. Ndi ulamuliro wake, ndi Angelo Cathedral wa Akukwera, thundu Kremlin zinamangidwa.

Kalita anali wolowa Simeon onyada. Iye subordinated akalonga zazing'ono zinthu imperiously, kuwonjezera dziko malire Moscow. Ndiyamika kudziwana ndi ubwenzi ndi Khan wa Golden gulu, Simeon anapereka moyo wamtendere mu chikhalidwe chawo.

akalonga onse a Moscow anapanga zinthu zofunika kumapangitsanso mphamvu ya Moscow ukulu ndi kukuza malire ake. Koma mwina chopereka kwambiri pa mbiri anapanga Daniil Aleksandrovich, amene anayamba kutsatira m'dziko, gawo latsopano.