Kodi udindo anachita zosonkhanitsira "Kusintha Zikhomo" m'mbiri ya emigration woyera?

Udindo ankaimba ndi buku lotchedwa "Kusintha Zikhomo", zolembalemba, otsutsa ndi mbiri yakale akuyesera kuti muganize kutali. kufalitsidwa n'chifukwa zogawikazo mu Russian emigration wa yoweyula choyamba.

wokhometsa kope

Zosonkhanitsira wotchuka inafalitsidwa mu Prague mu 1921. Dzinali ndi kutchula magazini womwewo wa "Kupita Patsogolo", limene anafalitsa otchuka wa emigration Russian. Anthu awa, amene anathawira ku ulamuliro wa Soviet Union , kapena kuponyedwa pa "bwato nthanthi" anali oopsa adani a Bolsheviks. Iwo acita kuti maganizo a anthu polimbana ndi chikomyunizimu ku Europe.

Komabe, pamene World Old atayamba lichoke ku mapeto a First World nkhondo. Ngakhale osamuka ndi mwansangala zilembo European, palibe chikoka wapadera pa ndale m'deralo, iwo sakanakhoza kukhala.

Kodi udindo anachita zosonkhanitsira "Kusintha Zikhomo" mogwirizana ndi boma yowawitsa ya White kayendedwe? Olemba anamuka mawu odana Soviet chinayambira ku nkhani zawo ndi akatswiri andale sayansi anapanga malo ovomereza-bolshevist. Sitepe kunasintha m'mbiri ya obisalira Russian mu West.

mabuku ovomereza-Soviet

The ntchito za buku "Kusintha Zikhomo", mosavuta amadziŵika ndi buku wotsatira wa zimachititsa Moscow. Pali asankha mpata kutsutsa owatsutsa - .. Monarchists, Republican, etc. zosonkhanitsira The yomweyo lofalitsidwa mu Soviet Union, mipukutu yambiri. State-kuthamanga Manyuzipepala anatsindika kuti ngakhale mu White emigration potsiriza anazindikira osati kugonjetsedwa komanso cholakwika maganizo.

Kodi udindo anachita zosonkhanitsira "Kusintha Zikhomo" kwa anthu Russian ku Ulaya amene anali atathawira ku Paris, Prague, Berlin ndi mizinda ya ufumu South Asilavo? kayendedwe linagawanika. monarchists ndiwofatsa ndi kufalitsa disaffected la ntchito zokopa, amene anayambitsa boma Soviet, anapereka kudzimvera bungwe.

implacability

Pasanapite nthawi kuti intransigence. Mfundo imeneyi ankatsutsa anayambika Smenovekhovtsy ndi vozvraschenchestvu. gulu lake ankatsutsa njira iliyonse mogwirizana ndi Soviet Union. Nthawi yomweyo zinatchuka mwa monarchists osafuna kusintha ndi kumayiko ena maganizo kwambiri pomwe. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali lonse kupulumuka osankhika woyambawo tsarist nyengo - atumiki Ofisala, etc ...

Mabungwe chachikulu, kulimbikitsa mfundo za intransigence, anakhala Russian ambiri msilikali mgwirizano ndi Mpingo Russian Orthodox Lina. Mutu wa EMRO anatchuka kwambiri General Pyotr Wrangel, mpaka posachedwapa anali kumenyana ndi Maonekedwe osiyanasiyana pa Civil nkhondo. Zinali iye amene anagwirizira Crimea, pamene iye mopupuluma anasamutsidwa kuchoka woyera wa.

Ganizo Smenovekhovtsy

Ganizo Smenovekhovtsy makamaka zochokera pa mfundo wakutemwa. Kukhala mu mbiri dziko lakwawo, malinga ndi malangizo a otsatira mfundo imeneyi chinthu yekha kusalaza zotsutsana onse akuluakulu Soviet. Russian ambiri ankafunitsitsa kupita kunyumba, osati ndi moyo mu Europe mlendo. Choncho Smenovekhovtsy, komanso mfundo n'zosiyana wa intransigence, mwamsanga unayamba ambiri mbali. Zimenezi inapita mu 1920 pamene kunabuka nkhondo pakati Poland ndi boma Soviet (yokhala, Union silinakwaniritsidwe anakhazikitsa).

Zingapo m'manyuzipepala otchuka agwirizana mphamvu kuti akatenge "Kusintha Zikhomo". Collection kupeza chuma olembedwa Nikolaem Ustryalovym, Sergeem Chahotinym, Yuri Klyuchnikova ndi T. D. wina wa yoyambirira yeniyeni ya buku lino ndi bukhu "Pankhondo kwa Russia", lofalitsidwa mu 1920. Zinali chipatso cha ntchito za Nikolaya Ustryalova pamene ankakhala ku Harbin - mudzi waukulu wa Russian emigration ku Far East.

Mwachitsanzo Brusylov

Anaonekera magulu nkhani journalistic "Kusintha Zikhomo" nthawi zambiri anagwiritsa ntchito zochitika mu Poland. Nkhondo ya dziko lino ndi Russia kwachititsa kuti mliri wakutemwa kwawo kunja. Koma nthawi yomweyo mkangano anali pabwino mu Republic Soviet monga chiyambi cha dziko zokomera zisinthe umalimbana kugonjetsa bourgeoisie. Ndipotu, Lenin ankaona Russia ankamasulira kuti anagonjetsa dziko. Iye akhali na chidikhiro thandizo la proletariat European ndipo mwadzidzi ananyamuka ku World Old pamagulu chikominisi.

malingaliro Leftist ya Soviet Union anali maganizo ndi olemba m'buku lakuti "Kusintha Zikhomo". Kodi udindo kuimba osamuka kukonda dziko lako? Ambiri a iwo anali mbali ya Soviet Union. Olemba mabuku analimbikitsa owerenga ake aiwale za kusagwirizana ndi Bolsheviks nthawi imene pamtengo anali tsoka la Russia yokha.

Chitsanzo chachikulu cha ntchito imeneyi propaganda anali wotchuka General Alexei Brusilov. Pa First World nkhondo, analamula mmodzi wa Western Front. mwatsatanetsatane yojambula wake wotchuka wotchedwa Galicia anawononga asilikali Austria, ndipo anapitadi Habsburg njakata mafuta a Germany.

Pambuyo kusintha awiri Brusilov (mosiyana ndi ena ambiri ankhondo tsarist) anakhala kunyumba. Iye ngakhale kumenyana asilikali Soviet. Chitsanzo chimenechi ali kwambiri kuti Smenovekhovtsy lingaliro anakhala ambiri ku Ulaya. The zikamera wa gulu ovomereza-Soviet chilengedwe ukapolo ankachitsegula icho m'magulu awiri kumenyana.