Ismail Gasprinskii m'mbiri ya Crimea

Ismail Gasprinskii, amene ndi ntchito ndi chitsanzo kwa ambiri - yotamandika kwambiri Crimea mphunzitsi, wolemba, wofalitsa ndi maonekedwe onse. Mu pepala ili, ife azipereka yonena mwachidule munthu wotchuka. Ifenso ndikuuzeni inu za ntchito yomwe Ismail Gasprinskii m'mbiri ya Crimea.

Origin, ubwana

Ismail anabadwa mu March 1851. Chochitika zinachitika mu Avdzhikoy m'mudzi ili pafupi Bakhchisaray. Bambo ake anali mkulu wa dzina la Mustafa. maphunziro a kupulayimale Ismail Gasprinskii kunyumba, kenako anaphunzira ku mudzi sukulu mektebe (Muslim masukulu). Kenako maphunziro Simferopol zolimbitsa thupi Kenako analembedwa Voronezh Cadet Corps.

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1864 mpaka 1867, Ismail Bey Gasprinskii anaphunzitsidwa Moscow sukulu nkhondo. Act ngati bungwe yapamwamba akanatha chifukwa bambo ake anali yothandiza anthu. Komanso, Mustafa Gasprinskii wa mtundu wa Crimea Murza, amene ukugwira pamene anthu otchuka Russian.

ojambula zofunika, mapangidwe mfundo

Ismail mu Moscow anakhala mabwenzi mwana Mihaila Katkova, mkonzi wa "Moscow News" ndi wotchuka Slavophile. Ena nthawi Gasprinskii ankakhala banja lake. Komabe, posakhalitsa anabwerera kwawo. Ismail anayamba kuphunzitsa Bakhchisarai (mu Zincirli Madrasa) mu 1867. Patatha zaka 3, iye anapita ku Paris, kumene anakaphunzira ku nkhani pa Sorbonne ndi ntchito yomasulira mabuku ndipo anali mlembi wa ndi Turgenev, wotchuka Russian wolemba.

Kenako Gasprinskii za chaka anakhala mu Istanbul. Pamenepo analemba makalata ku nyuzipepala Russian. Kunja Ismail anatenga maganizo ndi nzeru, amene ndiye mwakuya anamasulira. Iwo analimbikitsa mu mfundo yotheka, kenako anatembenukira mu wokonzanso kwambiri Gasprinsky.

ofesi

Tikaonanso Crimea Ismail kuti nthawi zina unali ngati mphunzitsi. Komabe, mu February 1879 anakhala mfumu ya mzinda wa Bakhchisarai. Mu udindo uwu Gasprinskii anakhala mpaka March 1884

Gasprinsky likuonetsera maganizo ake

Mu 1881, Ismail analemba nkhani lotchedwa "Russian Islam. Malingaliro, zolemba ndi kuyang'anila a Muslim." Ntchito imeneyi kukhala ngati Ndondomeko aluntha, ndipo osati kwa Gasprinsky. Mu pepala ili, wolemba wapatsidwa otchedwa "mafunso wotembereredwa" wa moyo. Kodi uxamwali akhale pakati pa Russian ndi Chitata? Kodi kukhala Russian Asilamu (Chitata) mwachibale kwa Russian? Zomwe cholinga amafunsira boma la Russia mwachibale kwa Chitata, ndipo kaya anachita? onsewa mafunso chidwi Gasprinsky.

Ismail kuwawa anati chosowa mfundo coherent kuti ayenera kuti analimbikitsidwa kufala kwa lingaliro la chitukuko Russian ndi Asilamu. Gasprinskii analemba kuti wabweretsa zipatso zambiri za zowawa m'malo Russian Asilamu, ndipo ambiri pa dziko. Mlembi zolemba kuti Russian Islam asaone, sazindikira zofuna za boma la Russia. Iye samamvetsa maganizo ake, kudzipereka, osadziwika kuti chimwemwe ndi chisoni. Komanso, chosadziwa bwino chilankhulo cha Russian umathandiza Russian Muslim m'mabuku Russian ndi maganizo, komanso chikhalidwe chilengedwe. Gasprinskii limati ndi akumenya zikhulupiriro ndi maganizo akale kuti ndi wosiyana ndi ena onse a anthu. Chifukwa cha mavuto ambiri, malinga ndi Ismail, ndi kupanda mwatsatanetsatane, coherent mfundo inorodcheskogo ndi anthu heterodox.

Kufotokoza malingaliro amene ali yakeyo, Gasprinskii limanena kuti mgwirizano wa Russian Asilamu ndi boma Russian chindiletsa umbuli, kutanthauza kukhulupirirana. Kodi njira mawu a wolemba imeneyi? Gasprinskii amakhulupirira kuti m'kupita kwa madrassas Muslim akuwonetsereni pulayimale chiphunzitso sayansi osiyanasiyana a Chitata. Chifukwa ichi mu malo Muslim adzakhala kudutsa kudziwa popanda vuto boma. Zimenezi, kwezani mlingo ophunzira a abusa ndi mamembala a kalasi pakati. Choncho n'zotheka kuthetsa kwambiri maganizo olakwika. muyeso wina akufuna Gasprinsky, - chilengedwe cha zinthu yabwino kwa buku la mankhwala kusindikizidwa mu chinenero cha Chitata.

Jadidism

Ismail, monga Muslim wopembedza, mu chikadzavala Pachithunzipa imatumiza chilengedwe cha m'dera kusintha kwa anthu akuvomereza Islam. kusintha Jadid amakhala yankho zothandiza mafunso vuto wophunzitsa. Ndi kuyamika Ismail ndi ofala Asilamu a ku Russia.

Jadidism akufuna kusintha pulogalamu zokhudza maphunziro. m'madera Aika zotsatirazi:

• kukonzanso maphunziro a Asilamu, kuchibweretsa icho mogwirizana ndi mlingo European;
• mapangidwe ogwirizana kwa anthu onse a chinenero Turkic zolembalemba;
• kulenga anthu zachifundo ndi yapachiweniweni;
• kuonjezera chinkhoswe woganizirana, kusintha mu udindo wa akazi Muslim;
• kulimbitsa ubale alipo pakati pa Turkic-Muslim anthu okhala mu Russia.

Nyuzipepala "Terdzhiman"

Gasprinskii kutsatira mfundo zabwino, anati iwo anayamba ndi ntchito yogwira maphunziro. Mwachitsanzo, mu April 1883, iye anayamba kufalitsa mu Bakhchisarai nyuzipepala amatchedwa "Terdzhiman" ( "Translator"). Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu njira yokhayo mu Russia Turkey nyuzipepala. Mu "Terdzhimane" kusindikizidwa nkhani zonse zokhudza nkhani kwambiri imachepa. The nyuzipepala anatuluka monga Crimea Chitata ndi zinenero Russian.

Poyamba chofalitsa ndi mlungu uliwonse, koma kenako anatuluka katatu pa mlungu, ndipo tsiku lililonse. "Terdzhiman" chinakhalapo mpaka imfa yake Gasprinsky, unabwera mu 1914, komanso zaka 4 yaitali. Mu zaka izi, ndi mkonzi wa nyuzipepala mwana wake Refat.

manyuzipepala ena ndi magazini, amene lofalitsidwa Gasprinskii

Wina nyuzipepala, amene lofalitsidwa Ismail Gasprinskii - mlungu "Mawere" ( "Nation"). Iye anamasulidwa magazini akazi, "Alemi nisvan" ( "World Amayi"). Shefika Gasprinsky, mwana wamkazi Ismayeli, anali mkonzi wa magazini ino. Koma si mabuku ofotokoza Gasprinsky. Iye anamasula magazini ana pa chinenero Crimea "subyan Alemi" ( "Ana World"). Komanso ofunika ponena ndi buku zoseketsa amatchedwa "Ha-ha-ha!" Amene linakhazikitsidwa ndi Ismail Gasprinskii. yonena ake, monga mmene uonela, chinali kutulutsidwa kwa chiwerengero cha magazini ndi nyuzipepala.

Kujambula chinenero Turkic

Ismail anafuna kuonetsetsa kuti anthu Turkic tikukhala mu Russia, ndi ogwirizana pa maziko a chilengedwe cha chinenero Turkic. Language Gasprinskii ankaona maziko a kuli umodzi Turkic. Ismail anayesa woyamba wa zonse kuchita kusintha chinenero. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti "umodzi wa chinenero" subala palokha, monga ngati dera lonse la chinenero ndi typological kufanana kwa zinenero za anthu Turkic zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Chinthu chofunikira cha mgwirizano wa mayiko onsewa chinayamba ngati Turkey Chiesperanto. Izi chinenero analengedwa zochokera Crimea Chitata (ake akweza Baibulo).

Education Kusintha

Kachitidwe maphunziro imatengedwa Gasprinskii, linalinso malo ofunika kuti anafunika kusintha kwambiri. Ismail zachitika njira yapadera ya sukulu. Choyamba anayesedwa mu sukulu Bakhchsarai mu 1884. The mwayi waukulu njira iyi inali phunziro la nzika za m'malo amalinena kuphunzira samveka malemba. Komanso, kuphunzira mwakhama ntchito m'chinenero chawo, koma zimenezi sizitanthauza kukusalani kuphunzira Russian, Arabic ndi zilankhulo za ku Ulaya.

Zikomo ku masukulu kugwiritsa ntchito njira Gasprinsky, mu zaka 15 za m'ma 20, mbadwo watsopano wa Crimea Chitata luntha. Zinapangidwa monga ku Ulaya, koma popanda kutaya chizindikiro Muslim.

Kuvomerezeka, congresses Asilamu Russian

Mu 1903, tsiku lokumbukira 20 nyuzipepala "Terdzhiman" wakhala ngati Forum dziko. Iwo Gasprinskii anamuzindikira ndi "tate wa fuko la Russian Asilamu." Woyamba Muslim Congress zinachitikadi ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo zawo za umodzi Turkic Chisilamu.

Ismail Gasprinskii mu 1905 anakhala wapampando wa Congress Choyamba a Muslim a ku Russia. msonkhano Ichi chinali chiyambi cha kugwirizana kwa Chitata onse Russian. Msonkhano wachiwiri unachitikira mu January 1906 ku St. Petersburg. Ismail Gasprinskii anali tcheyamani ndipo pa izo. Pa chochitika ichi, anaganiza kupanga Union wa Asilamu wa Russia. Mu August, 1906 pafupi Nizhny Novgorod anakumana ndi Congress Chachitatu. Anaganiza kusintha anakhazikitsa Union of Asilamu (Ittifaq al-Muslimin) mu gulu makamaka ndale. Pulogalamu imeneyi inachokera pa malingaliro a Pan-Turkism.

Ismail Gasprinskii: ndakatulo ndi prose

I.Gasprinskiy kudziŵika kokha kuti chithunzi anthu, komanso wolemba luso. Iye analemba angapo ntchito mwapadera luso. nkhani Gasprinsky komanso mabuku ( "Arslan kyz", "Molla Abbas", "Munthu zaka handiredi kenako") zinasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala "Terdzhiman".

Ndipo monga ndakatulo yodziwika I.Gasprinskiy. ndakatulo yake za Crimea ndi Crimeans tsopano lomwe ambiri. Komabe ndakatulo cholowa cha wolemba izi ndi zazing'ono. ndakatulo wake (za Crimea -. "Crimea", etc.) sali zodziwika bwino chifukwa cha ntchito zake, pagulu zolembalemba.