Kugawikana andale a Russia: prerequisites, zotsatira

M'zaka akhumi panali azingokhala Kievan Lazaro mu osiyana, matanthauzo palokha ukulu, koma yokhala ogwirizana boma akadali anapitiriza kukhalapo mpaka nthawi ya nkhondo Mongol. Ngakhale kuyambira 12 mpaka cha m'ma 16 imatengedwa kuti ndi nthawi ya ndale kugawikana (ang'onoang'ono), Russia.

Kugawikana andale a Russia: prerequisites

Pakati pa olemba mbiri amakono akadali kutsutsana komwe kulipo zimene anali chenicheni chimene chinayambitsa kulekana kwa boma limodzi amphamvu mu ang'onoang'ono angapo ndipo unagawanika. Akukhulupirira kuti udindo makamaka ndondomeko mbiri ankaimba ndi zikamera wa anthu otchuka m'deralo. Akalonga kulamulira munthu payekha m'mayiko Russian, sanafune kugawana phindu ndi mkulu Kiev, boyars m'dera mofanana nthawi anafunika mphamvu kwambiri nthaka, kotero amachirikiza malo awo.

Komanso, kumayambiriro kwa zaka 11-12 anapanga dongosolo la kupanga katundu ambiri ogula structural wagawo lomwe limakhala patrimony osiyana. M'kupita kwa nthawi, fiefdoms awa, zilipo m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko ayamba kupanga mankhwala okha mowa wawo, koma sitigulitsa. Chifukwa, kuwombola malonda pakati pa maiko a boma limodzi pafupifupi mabasi. Aliyense gawo m'manja mwa kalonga wosakwatiwa, akukhala kwathunthu yoyenda yokha ndipo amatha bwino popanda thandizo la maiko oyandikana.

Moyo wongokhala, chitukuko cha ulimi khasu zinachititsa kuti kuchuluka asilikali mphamvu pansi. Pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira mu vigilantes nzika chidwi chakuti chuma chawo akhala kwathunthu palokha malamulo a dziko. Pa nkhani imeneyi, dongosolo ndi akupangidwa chitetezo chokwanira otchedwa, malinga ndi zimene boyars, nzika analandira ufulu wonse wa Grand Duke, anakhala eni zonse chuma chawo, anali ndi ufulu kukhazikitsa malamulo enieni malire awo. Choncho mfundo yakuti kugawikana ndale wa Yairo zinali zotsatira za chitukuko cha umwini payekha ndi vigilantes kusintha kwa moyo wongokhala. Pofika m'ma 12 m'zaka za maziko a alipo zaka zingapo zapitazo, boma limodzi wapangidwa khumi ndi maukulu palokha. chiwerengero cha dziko palokha wa Kiev ikukula pa liwiro yopambana, ndi 14 m'zaka kwa mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu. Yaikulu boma dongosolo la nthawi ino kukhala ndi mabwalo Novgorod, wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn, Vladimir-Suzdal ukulu. Lililonse ukulu amenewa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndipo popanda kudalira anthu ena, ali ndalama zake, asilikali wosakwatiwa, etc. Relations pakati pa atsogoleri a mayiko onse okhudza pamaziko a mapangano ndi miyambo. Civil nkhondo ngati ikuchitika, n'kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa cha zawo - kufuna kufutukula dzikolo kwa ukulu wapafupi.

Kugawikana andale a Russia: Zotsatira

Zotsatira chachikulu cha kugawikana andale a Kievan Lazaro anali:

• chitukuko cha m'mayiko watsopano kulima mbewu, chitukuko wamba kusamalila;
• kulimbitsa mphamvu ya mpingo, imakhudzira zachikhalidwe cha dziko;
• lopinda a dongosolo lomwe wolowezana ang'onoang'ono.

Ulimi chitukuko, kuchulukana kwa anthu okhala m'mizinda, linanena bungwe la osiyana maukulu Russian m'bwalo lonse, chitukuko cha zomangamanga, Mbiri - izi ndi zotsatira za kugawikana ang'onoang'ono a Lazaro. Komanso, wathunthu azingokhala ndale za boma sizinachitike. Mphamvu ya mkulu wa Kiev wakhala alipo nthawi zonse, ngakhale ang'ono kwambiri. The Orthodox chikhulupiriro mu nthawi kusagwirizana ogwirizana anthu a maukulu onse Russian, utsogoleri lonse la bungwe la mpingo unali mu dzanja la Metropolitan wa Kiev. Pamaso pa ngozi kunja Kiev kalonga zinthu ngati wotetezera limodzi la boma la Russia. kugawikana Political Russia wakhala mbali yofunika kwambiri chitukuko cha boma pa njira centralization m'tsogolo, ndale ndiponso zachuma kudzachitika kwambiri.