The ndondomeko mbiri ndi zisudzo zake

History - ndi athu akale. Limafotokoza onse zochitika ndi mfundo zimene limodzi makolo athu. Ndi sayansi nkhawa ndi kuphunzira zinthu zakale, zifukwa inachitikira, ndipo angalongosolere choonadi. deta Basic ndi zotsatira analandira kuchokera mu zolemba kusungidwa amene amafotokoza za zochitika zenizeni.
The ndondomeko mbiri, malinga VO Kliuchevskoi, magulu kupambana, zikhalidwe ndi moyo anthu kapena moyo wa anthu onse mu chitukuko ndi zotsatira.

Mawu "ndondomeko" - bwinobwino limati mu chitukuko cha chodabwitsa chilichonse.

The pagona mbiri, ndithudi, ndi zochitika. Iwo ndiwo iwo, ntchito iliyonse ya anthu ndi anthu onse. Palinso zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha ndale, chuma, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe zikulumikizana ndi ubwenzi pakati pa anthu.

Nzika za ndondomeko mbiri - munthu kapena gulu la anthu amene amagwira ntchito zinthu zina. mabungwe amenewa angakhale ndi chikhalidwe m'madera amene amakhala dera limodzi ndi kukhala ndi maganizo, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo. Chifukwa cha ntchito yawo ndi kulenga wamba aliyense chuma payekha ndi zinthu zauzimu.
magulu Social zingasiyane mu m'badwo, jenda, ntchito malo achipembedzo, koma iwo ayenera komanso ndi zizindikiro, ndi ogwirizana. Pamagulu amenewo Mwachitsanzo, kalasi, boma ndi makalasi osiyanasiyana a anthu.

Kuti nkhani akhoza zimachitika kwa anthu amene amagwira nawo zochitika m'mbiri. Nthawi zambiri zimene takambirana andale, mafumu, mafumu ndi atsogoleri. Amathandiza kwambiri kuti ndondomeko mbiri ya kupanga chikhalidwe, luso ndiponso sayansi.

Ku maganizo a Marx ndi Chichewa ndondomeko mbiri tiziiona monga kuphunzira umoyo ndi zachuma formations, ndiwo magawo a ndondomeko imeneyi. Chinthu molimba chitukuko cha anthu - ichi akafuna kupanga. Ndiko kuti, chiŵerengero cha chitukuko cha mphamvu kupanga ndi asapita kupanga. Ngakhale chimango mfundo ndi kukula mwauzimu ndi chabe superstructure, potsata akafuna kupanga. Mfundo munthu ndi zochitika - zotsatira za ulimi chikhalidwe zinachitika mu kugunda zinthu zotsutsana pakati pa magulu. Marx ndi Chichewa m'nkhani kuunika kwa mbiri ndondomeko chikominisi, amene amachita ndi cholinga chapamwamba kwambiri.

Okhulupirira chiphunzitso cha anthu positi-mafakitale kulankhula za chitukuko stepwise anthu ku doagrarnogo kwa anthu pambuyo mafakitale.

Potengera chiphunzitso cha wamakono, kampani zachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa konkire ubale miyambo yokhala zomveka. Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kampani komanso ufulu wa anthu wa munthu, ufulu wa ntchito zachuma, inviolability ufulu wa anthu, ulamulilo wa lamulo ndi zipani zandale.

Palinso zosiyana formational, njira civilizational. Okhulupirira chiphunzitso cha tsatane liniya mokomera ena i magawo-magawo mu dongosolo la chikhalidwe.

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha chitukuko m'dera (wina wa nthambi za njira kutukuka), periodization ndondomeko mbiri sangakhoze zochokera magawo kulekana kwa magawo. Woyambitsa wa kukuchititsa zimenezi Arnold Toynbee. Ntchito zawo sayansi, iye amauza mbiri ya dziko lapansi pa mbiriyakale ya chitukuko munthu, omwe payekha pochitika magawo onse (kuchokera pachiyambi wovulala ndi kuwonongeka). Ndipo kokha zawo - ichi ndi dziko mbiri ndondomeko.