Novgorod kwa Moscow kujowina. Kodi atumwi anali Wamkulu kugwirizana Novgorod kwa Moscow

Mu zaka za m'ma XV, ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndi imene kupirira Ivan III wa, anali linalanda kwa Moscow mu Veliky Novgorod. Koma iye sanali Woyesana okha dzikolo. maufulu awo, kuti iwo ndi anayesa kusonyeza Grand Duchy la Lithuania.

Chiyambi cha mkangano

Si chinsinsi kuti mbiri Moscow a wakhala umakhudza Novgorod. Mizu ya nkhondo kubwerera ku nkhondo ang'onoang'ono chinalimba pakati pa ana a Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy, yomwe inatenga zaka zambiri - kuchokera 1425 mpaka 1453.

Waukulu chikumenyana maphwando anali Vasiliy Temny ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Shemyaka. Atagonjetsedwa ku nkhondo mphamvu ndi chitetezo lomaliza Novgorod. Vasily Mdima anakwanitsa 1449 kusaina opindulitsa okha mgwirizano ndi kalonga Chilituyaniya ndi ndiye Polish mfumu Casimir IV kuti aliyense wa zipani sadzavomereza pa m'gawo lake la adani ndale za mzake. Komanso, Lithuania walola kusiya kumenya pa Novgorod. Patapita zaka 4 Basil mothandizidwa ndi anthu ake okhulupirika poizoni Shemyaka.

pangano la yazhelbitsy

Mbiri ya Novgorod ndi chosaneneka nkhondo wamagazi. Mmodzi wa iwo zinachitika mu 1456 muluwani Ruz. Ndiye Moscow asilikali anatha kutenga mosavuta ndi pafupifupi popanda kukana. Koma iwo posakhalitsa anaukira Novgorod apakavalo. Muscovites pansi pa utsogoleri wa kazembe wake ndi Striga Basenko atabisala kuseri ndi okwera chipale anaphimba. Anayamba mibvi osati mu Novgorod ankhondo ndi mahatchi awo. Panali chisokonezo. Novgorod anavala zida katundu, kotero iwo samakhoza nkhondo pa ndime ndi Muscovites. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri boyars ndi anagwidwa kapena kuphedwa.

Choncho, Moscow chapeza chigonjetso wonse pa Novgorod. Pa nthawi yomweyo chiwerengero cha asilikali woyamba chipani inali nthawi 20 zosakwana chachiwiri. Patapita nthawi mu Yazhelbitsy Vasiliy Temny anatenga akazembe, lotsogoledwa ndi Bishopu a Novgorod Euthymius II ncholinga mukumaliza pangano mtendere. Patapita zokambirana, maphwando zinasaina pangano amgwirizano. Malinga ndi iye, otayika anali kulipira wopambana ndi indemnity mokwanira lalikulu, wolemera 8 zikwi. Rubles. Koma kujowina Novgorod kwa Moscow sizinachitike. Iye wakhala palokha.

The vuto pambuyo m'nyengo ya mtendere

Mbiri ya Novgorod, ananena kuti 1136 anakhala woyamba kwambiri Freestyle Republic ili m'malire a Kievan Lazaro. Iwo anachita bungwe demokalase monga Komiti. Izo zinakhala mpaka zimene zinachitika kwa analanda dziko la Novgorod kwa Moscow. Koma, ngakhale, osati onse wene anali mokomera ufulu wa dziko lawo ndipo anali ofunitsitsa nkhondo izo.

Dziwani mfundo yakuti ufulu wa nzika wamba opata zambiri osati amalemekezedwa ndi anthu osauka, imene inali serfs, onse Ankawaphwanyira yoyenera kukhala mu Komiti. Kusiyana pakati pa olemera ndi osauka unali waukulu kwambiri, choncho anthu wamba a Novgorod sanali ofunitsitsa kulimbana ndi Moscow ufulu wa boyars lapansi.

Mu 1460 Grand Duke Vasily anabwera kwa akazembe kuti Novgorod kuti zokambirana. Koma nzika anali kutsutsana naye ndipo anafuna ngakhale kumupha. Choncho anathyola mkangano wina, umene wakhala chiphatso ndi Bishop Yona, kuopseza anthu a Novgorod wa Chitata kuwukira pamodzi ndi Muscovites.

zaka 3 pambuyo kuyendera Novgorod Prince wa Moscow, mabwalo anakana thandizo asilikali Pskov, anafunsa kumuthandiza pokana ndi matenda Ankhondo a Livonia. Thandizo anachokera Moscow. Kenako Novgorod anatenga malo amatsutsiratu ndi kulemekeza Pskov. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo anatsimikiza nkhondo anzeru ndondomeko ya Prince Ivan III.

kusagwirizana latsopano

Novgorod osankhika nthawi zonse anali wotanganidwa nthaŵi zonse ziwiri limati oyandikana mokwanira amphamvu - Moscow ndi Grand Duchy la Lithuania. Boyars anali odziwa bwino kuti kusunga lawo kudzakhala kotheka kokha kukachitika kuti mgwirizano ndi umodzi wa iwo.

mfundo mbiri Moscow kwa chakuti kusemphana kugwirizana dziko analiko Novgorod lapansi. Olemekezeka mfundo yoti mgwirizano ndi Duchy la Lithuania, chifukwa iwo ankayembekezera kuti musunge maudindo awo onse, pamene nzika wamba anathandiza Moscow tsar, chifukwa nkhope yake anaona, makamaka Orthodox wolamulira.

Zimayambitsa nkhondo

Nthawi, amene atumikira kukwera mu May 1471 mu Great Novgorod, anali mphekesera ankati kusonyeza kuti ambiri boyars ndi, lotsogoledwa ndi Marfoy Boretskoy wamasiye meya anasaina mgwirizano ndi mbali Chilituyaniya wa vassalage. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mphekesera awa anali chifukwa chokha chiwawa. Koma palinso mfundo yakuti Novgorod anapemphedwa kukhala kazembe Chilituyaniya mkulu wake. Komanso, adayesa kuti akonze zinthu pawokha wa Moscow, mpingo. Ndicho chifukwa chake ntchito yochotsa Novgorod anapeza mtundu wa nkhondo ampatuko ndi kubwezeretsa Chikhulupiriro Orthodox.

kampeni wina

Panthawi imeneyi nkhondo yolimbana ndi Republic lotsogoleredwa ndi Moscow Prince Daniel Kholmsk. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti anali pangozi ndithu, popeza kasupe chaka anaima ozizira kwambiri, ndipo ambiri sizinathe anasungunuka chisanu akanakhoza kwambiri msanga pasadakhale a asilikali patsogolo. Koma kusiya kaye msonkhano sakanakhoza. Zolotaya Orda ndi Grand Duchy la Lithuania anali wokonzeka kuthandiza Novgorod.

Mu masiku oyambirira a msonkhano panali pafupifupi popanda kumenyana. Moscow asilikali effortlessly analanda mizinda ya dziko, akutiakuti. Only m'ma July unachitikira Shelonskoy nkhondo. Pa nkhondo, asilikali anavomera Novgorod, wopangidwa 40 chikwi. Man, ndipo 12000th asilikali a adani. Kutha kwa nkhondo anaganiza wamphamvu kuukira Moscow apakavalo. Bwino m'bungwe Novgorod sanathe alimbane amenewa.

2 masabata pambuyo Shilonskoy nkhondo, panali nkhondo ina pafupi Shilengi Mtsinje. Komanso inatha mu chigonjetso cha Muscovites. Kenako anayamba kukambirana za mtendere Korostyn.

Zotsatira za armistice ndi

Chifukwa, Novgorod anayenera kusiya zothandizira mipingo yawo ya Chipolishi Chilituyaniya Mfumu Casimir IV. Komanso, otayika analipira 15 chikwi. Rubles, ndi zoona anazindikira ukulu wa Moscow kalonga. Choncho imene ikuchitika 1471 anali oposa bwino. Iye anatsimikizira kuti anthu wamba a Novgorod, mosiyana boyars, musati mukufuna kulimbana ndi anansi awo.

Mbali ya tsogolo la Republic anali kale zosachita mapeto. Koma Novgorod kugwirizana komaliza kwa Moscow zidzachitike patapita zaka 7.

wokopa wotsiriza

M'chaka cha 1477 si woyamba Novgorod akazembe anafika ku Moscow. Koma kunapezeka kuti sindinatumidwe vechem, ndi ochepa boyars. Ankafuna othamanga ndi okhazikika Kuzindikila ulamulilo wa Moscow, kuti adzawapatsa ufulu kusunga zonse za dzikolo ndi chuma. Izi adaphunzira Novgorod. Komiti pa lotsatira ochepa ovomereza-Moscow boyars anaphedwa ndipo anabwera ku mbali mphamvu ya mkulu Chilituyaniya. Koma utsogoleri wawo sunakhalitse.

Mu October 1477 anali kukwera kotsiriza mu mabwalo pansi pa utsogoleri wa Ivan III. Pa nthawi imeneyi, asilikali Novgorod sanabwere kunja kwa mzinda. Anayamba kukambirana nthawi yaitali. Patapita miyezi 2, Muscovites achita patsogolo zofuna komaliza. Ena mwa iwo chiyembekezo chakuti nsanamira ndi kuchotsa Posad Komiti kukhalapo. Ndi malamulo awa awiri Novgorod anavomera, koma zokambirana pa kuteteza Atsogoleri awo zigawo anachedwa. Pomaliza, iwo anali kupereka Kalonga wa Moscow obisika ndipo Vladychna dziko. Pamenepo zokambirana anamalizidwa. January 15 Moscow kalonga ndi anamuperekeza pamodzi ndi asilikali kulowa mumzinda wopanda nkhondo.

zotsatira

Mu mbiri ya 1478 - chaka inalowa a Novgorod kwa Moscow. Nkhondo ndi kuthatha. nthawi ili panalibe Kuphedwa, koma Ankhondo ambiri a banja anathamangitsidwa Novgorod. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali ndi Posadnitsa Marfa Boretskaya ndi mdzukulu wake. Kenako, iye anali tonsured sisitere, ndipo chuma chake analandidwa.

Pamene Novgorod anali linalanda kwa Moscow, mayiko onse anayamba kusamalira 4 kazembe, amene anali woyenera kutaya zambiri ndi kutsogolera mabwalo amilandu. Trade, ulimi ndi makampani tsopano ikuchitika pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma latsopanolo.

utsogoleri Lordly ndi Komiti akhala inathetsedwa. Chizindikiro cha ufulu Novgorod a - khamu belu - atengedwa. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye anakhala mzinda sekondale, ndi umwini Muscovy chinawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 2 khola. Choncho anathetsa nkhani ya Veliky Novgorod Republic, yomwe inatenga zaka zoposa zitatu.