Spool - muyeso kulemera mu masiku akale

Ndi kusintha anthu onse mwapang'onopang'ono mu dongosolo SI ndi pang'onopang'ono chinthu chakale, ambiri wakale Asilavo kuyeza kulemera ndi kutalika. Mwa iwo Wopanda - muyeso kulemera, amagwira ntchito kuyambira chiyambi cha chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu mpaka mmasate zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Spool - ndichiyani

Spool mu masiku akale ankatchedwa muyezo ntchito kudziwa kulemera kwa zitsulo (zambiri golide ndi Siliva). Chiŵerengero ntchito lero ndi limodzi gram spool kulemedwa magalamu 4.3 kapena gawo 1/96 mapaundi (Russian).

Nkhani ya muyezo wotchedwa spool

Masiku ano, asayansi motsimikiza kumene dzina unali muyeso kulemera, monga spool a. Mwina dzina uwu nthawi ya Kievan Lazaro. Popeza amadziwika kuti nthawi ya Prince Vladimira Velikogo (X atumwi), mmodzi wa ang'ono ndalama Kalonga golide amatchedwa "zlatnik".

Mwina, ndalama lino akhala mwakhama ntchito ngati slug pamene masekeli nkhani anapanga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Pang'onopang'ono, dzina la ndalama zichokela dzina la "spool" - muyeso kulemera ntchito kudziŵa Unyinji wa nkhani ya chitsulo chabwinocho.

Woyamba olembedwa chikumbutso cha spool monga kulemera zosachepera unalembedwa XIII atumwi. Mu umodzi wa zikalata malonda ake, Prince Mstislav wa Smolensk limagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "spool" monga dzina la ndalama, koma ngati muyeso kulemera. Mwina nthawi yeniyeni kudzera spools anayeza chiwerengero cha chitsulo chabwinocho oyera ndalama makamaka kapena item zina za golide ndi siliva.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Wopanda mu kutchuka ngati muyeso kulemera kufalikira. Ndipo ndi 1711 Wopanda walandira udindo wa miyeso boma kulemera ndi golide chabe ndi siliva, komanso zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndipo ntchito mpaka 1927

Komanso, pali view zina kuti mawu akuti "spool" likuchokera ku dzina la zitsulo golide. Komabe, izi ndi chodziwikiratu, kuyambira spool amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyeza kulemera kwa pulatinamu ndi siliva.

Kuyeza kulemera kwa izi zinathandiza kuti zikamera otchedwa Wopanda vavu dongosolo zitsanzo zosankhidwazi, chimene chinali ponseponse mu Russian Ufumu.

zitsanzo Spool dongosolo

zitsanzo dongosolo anapanga n'zotheka kudziwa pamaso pa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali mu aloyi anapatsidwa, komanso chiwerengero chawo. M'mawu ena, chabwino zitsulo nyemba (ungwiro wake) anathandiza chimatanthauza spool. Kuyeza kulemera kwa izi zinathandiza kuti mapangidwe valavu Wopanda wa nyemba golide, komanso valavu Wopanda wa nyemba za siliva.

Choncho golide woyenga bwino popanda zosafunika (panopa 999 nyemba) ankaonedwa kulemera kwa zitsulo wamtengo wapatali spool 96. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti ngati zikuchokera zitsulo unatenga 100%, ndiye 100% ya golide. Komabe, Wopanda dongosolo valavu, nambala pazipita zitsanzo anali 100%, ndi mayunitsi 96 ya chitsulo chabwinocho. Ndipo ngati onse 96 a iwo anali golide - zitsulo inali yaukhondo ndipo nyemba 96 (panopa 999).

Laling'ono Wopanda vavu kusokonezeka zaka 56 (panopa 585), chifukwa lili ndi ziwalo 56 za golidi, ndi zina zotero - zosafunika zitsulo zina. Okwana panali asanu yakale yoyendera spool zitsanzo golide.

Today eni wokondwa wa golide zodzikongoletsera kupanga prerevolutionary mungaone kuti iwo spool nyemba nthawi imeneyo. Kuziyika izo mu dongosolo ano ndi kuphunzira zinthu zoyera zitsulo, tikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo losavuta: A / 96 * 1000 = B. Pankhaniyi A - spool chitsanzo, ndi B - makono.

Muyeso wa spools siliva chiyero ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi golide. Komabe poyamba analipo kuchuluka kwambiri zitsanzo zitsulo - ochuluka monga zisanu ndi zinayi (72 mpaka 95). Komabe, pa mapeto a XIX awo kwambiri yafupika anayi (84 mpaka 95).

Mofanana ndi golide, siliva spool anathandiza kudziwa kuchuluka kwa pamtengo zitsulo mu mayunitsi 96. Today spool kutengerapo chisanadze kusintha ano chitsanzo siliva kungakhale chilinganizo mofanana golide.

Wopanda malumikizanidwe ndi njira zina za thupi mu masiku akale

Spool - chiwerengero: 1/96.

Pud - Wopanda: 1/3840.

Loti - Wopanda: 1/3.

Mapaundi - Wopanda: 1/96.

Spool ndi miyezo yamakono ya kulemera

Poyerekeza ndi kulemera panopa mayunitsi a spool wina pafupifupi 4.3 magalamu (SR dongosolo).

Malinga ndi miyeso British mankhwala dongosolo yolemera spool ndi wofanana pafupifupi 0,01143 LB kapena 0,14 Troy nusu la.

Ndi zonse zolemera dongosolo la miyeso mu United States, munthu Wopanda - za 0.151 aunzi, kapena 0.01 US muyeso umodzi.

"Small koma wapatali" ndi zina zonena za muyeso, kulemera

Izi muyeso kulemera anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa makolo, yapangidwa ndi mawu ake. Mwachitsanzo, pamene iwo anafuna kuti mufotokozere kukula yaing'ono, koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kudziwika kwa onse kuyambira ali kunena.

Panalinso pang'ono osiyana analogue ake: ". Vavu Mal, koma waukulu"

Pali mawu wina ofanana, Nayenso anadzipereka ndi zinthu zing'onozing'ono koma zofunika. Iwo umaonekera kwambiri mfundo yakuti palibe kukula ndi zofunika zothandiza kwambiri.

Pofotokoza phindu thanzi kwa anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu awa:

Ndipo monga muyeso wa kulemera kwa spool ndi wodzipereka kwa zotsatirazi kuti:

Lero, kale kuti asapite kudziwa chiyero cha golide kapena siliva chitsanzo Wopanda. Kuyeza kulemera kwa umenewu wakhala gawo la mbiri. Komabe, mawu tsopano ntchito mwakhama kulankhula, ngakhale ali ndi tanthauzo losiyana pang'ono. Tsopano mawu akuti "spool" anakhala dzina mbali wogulitsa, koma kuti ndi nkhani ina.