Kutchula koyamba za Moscow mu mbiri anali kugwirizana ndi dzina la Grand Duke. Chaka amene adawona kutchula koyamba za Moscow?

History of Ancient Russia - chidwi kwambiri nthawi mu mawu zofuna za katswiri wa munthu ndi wokonda. Zinali ndiye mu Chiyambi chake, zinapangidwa anayamba zosiyanasiyana, njira umoyo ndi zachuma umoyo ndale. Pali mizinda ambiri amene anapulumuka masiku ano. Ndi kuti nthawi ili kutchula koyamba za Moscow.

A pang'ono mbiri yakale

Ngati inu kupanga lalifupi ulendowu zinthu zakale kutali dziko lathu, tikhoza kuona kuti kuthetsa anthu apa anali ku chachiwiri Zakachikwi BC. Inde, anali kwambiri wosazindikira kwambiri, koma ndi izi zikuyamba onse. Yogwira njira kusamukira kuyenda nthawi, unaloledwa kukhala ndi kupeza kwambiri abwino malowa, mmodzi wa iwo akukhala East European Plain, makamaka zomwe zili. Iwo anathamangira kuno Proto-Asilavo mafuko, zomwe n'kopanda ku Germany ndi Asilavo Balt palokha. Kenako panali gulu la Asilavo misa m'magulu atatu: kumadzulo, kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa. Mwachibadwa, chaka kutchula koyamba za Moscow anali akadali kutali kwambiri. Komabe, Asilavo anakakhala pa dera la tsogolo la Russia, ndi pafupi ndi likulu anayamba n'kukakhala ku omasuka kwambiri am'derali - Borovitsky Hill.

Choyamba anawona kuti: Nkhani ya Moscow

Mu sayansi mbiri ankakonda Baibulo la maonekedwe mu Moscow mu masiku oyambirira a boma la mapangidwe a kummawa Asilavo. Inde, zinthu zakale amatilola kuti malo amenewa panali Pamudzi, ndipo ndithu otukuka. Komabe, kukangana kuti anali Moscow, inu simungakhoze. chakuti pali magwero palibe zolembedwa za chikhalidwe cha izi si choncho, chifukwa otsimikiza mwina. Nkhani yaikulu pa mbiriyakale ya Russia wakale ndi "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" Nestor mmonke. Ngati ife mosamala izo, tingathe kumvetsa kuti ndi m'zaka za m'ma akhumi pali kutchula koyamba za Moscow. Tsiku la mwambo umenewu isanafalikire 1147, pamene inu mukhoza kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano penapake molakwika dzina "udzudzu". Ambiri, pa nthawi imeneyo dera lino, poyerekeza ndi mizinda ina ya North-East Russia, angatchedwe m'malo m'mbuyo, mzinda wogontha ndi akumidzi.

ubwino Natural ndiponso moyang'ana m'tsogolo Prince

Komabe, dera conveniently kwambiri inali mwachirengedwe, kotero anakopeka pamaso pa akalonga a maudindo onse. Koma patsogolo Moscow Idzafika nthawi yaitali kwambiri. Dera pa nthawi imodzi anatenga zapamwamba kuti mwana wamng'ono wa Vladimir Monomakh, Yuri Dolgoruky dzina. Monga Rostov-Suzdal akalonga, iye anayang'ana Kiev, koma iye ankadziwa kuti internecine kulimbana m'pofunika kukhala ndi kumbuyo olimba. Ndipo mudzi akale anali mwadongosolo ndi magulu Ankhondo amphamvu. Komanso, mzindawo unali mophiphiritsa, pakati pa katundu Russian, amene anali yabwino kwambiri kuukira pafupifupi onse maukulu akuluakulu a North-East. Choncho, kutchula koyamba za Moscow amagwirizana ndi dzina la Grand Duke Yuri Vladimirovich, apa ndi bungwe la nkhondo, anauza mnzake mu yolimbirana ulamuliro mu Russia ndi wachibale wa Prince Svyatoslav Olegovich.

Malingaliro ndi mikangano

Komabe, ngakhale, mwa mbiri yakale palibe kugwirizana za chaka cha maziko mzinda. Ichi ndi chifukwa zotsutsana amene ali Mbiri, ngakhale kuti amagwirizana ndi 1147 kutchula koyamba za Moscow. Tsiku mu funso, chifukwa mu mbiri ena imfomeshoni kuti 1156, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky pamalowa likulu tsogolo maziko a linga. Ngakhale amadziwika kuti pa nthawi iyi analamulira ku Kiev, ndipo ngati iye anayambitsa Moscow mu nthawi ino, ndiye chochitika kuti zimaonekera m'bukuli. Komabe, pa nthawiyi gwero amasunga chete kuti zododometsa. Ngakhale kuti kutchulidwa kwa Moscow mu 1147, mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti pa nthawi imeneyo kuzitcha izo zonse kunachitika kuthetsa sakutero. asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira akadali chaka kuika linga ndi kuthetsa m'tauni ya 1153. Zinali ndiye kuti Rostov-Suzdal kalonga anali mu malo amenewo, kotero ife tikhoza kuganiza Baibulo ili.

Kuchkovo - Moscow

Komabe, Yuri mwadala anafotokoza kwa nzinda. Monga tanena malo Moscow chimapangitsa yabwino kwambiri ndi yabwino polumikizira mfundo kazembe amamvetsetsa. Ngakhale pamene Kiev kalonga, iye amaganiziranso mbali ya kuganizira za Moscow katundu. lamuloli anapitiriza ndi mwana wake Andrew Bogolyubskii, koma kunena kuti pa nthawi imeneyo Moscow unali wofunika kwambiri njira, sikutheka. Zinali yaing'ono malire kuwoloka mfundo, pamene anawoloka maukulu malire, zamalonda. Ndi malo yabwino Moscow katundu zogwirizana kupha Sitefano Prince Andreya Bogolyubskogo. m'mayiko a m'gulu ochepa ka Boyar Stepan ndipo anaitana Kuchkovo. Pofuna kutembenukira cholowa mu awo, poyamba, anayesetsa Prince Stepan kupereka malo, koma intransigence wa Boyar zinachititsa kuti aphedwe, ndi kusakhutira pakati pa minda ya boyars 'zinachititsa kuti chiwembu ndi kupha Sitefano Prince Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Komabe, ngakhale, likulu tsogolo la m'deralo anauzidwa kuti Monomakh.

Ntchito ya Amlowam'malo Aleksandra Nevskogo mu chitukuko cha chikoka Moscow

Koma chitukuko mzindawo wochedwa. Popeza pamene anali woyamba kutchulidwa m'masiku a Moscow, ndipo mpaka nthawi monga izo amapeza chikoka chake, wakhala kuposa zaka theka. Koma m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu, anayamba kutenga mbali yaikulu kuthetsa m'matauni ndi yofunika njira ina. Kutchula koyamba za Moscow mwa muyezo wake watsopano imagwera pa nthawi imeneyi. Izi zikusonyeza kuwonjezeka mu chikoka cha mzindawo pa zochitika zonse Russian. maluwa woona lidzayamba pambuyo Alexander Yaroslavovich, analandira dzina lake zochuluka Nevsky, atawasiyira cholowa kwa mwana wake wamng'ono, Daniel. Poyamba, kalonga adakwiya kuti muli ndi ukulu rundown, koma monga Mougins, anayamba kumvetsa kufunika a dera ili ndi yaikulu malamulo a Russia nthawi ya kugawikana. Iye ali mu njira iliyonse kulimbitsa pogwiritsa mabanja dynastic, asilikali. Osati udindo wotsiriza nyimbo ndi kalonga mwachinyengo. Pofika kumapeto kwa ufumu wake, ndi ukulu wa Moscow ndi mzindawu wakhala sankalemekeza kwambiri ndithu mphamvu mu dziko.

Daniilovich mu yolimbirana ulamuliro

Makamaka tisaiwale kuti kuwuka kwa Moscow chifukwa chakuti malo akale (Kiev, kenako Vladimir) pang'onopang'ono amaziralira udindo, ndipo patsogolo Tver ndi chimodzimodzi "golide-ozungulira". Tiyenera kutchura kufunika amadza chifukwa cha bungwe a anthu, monga tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma cinai m'nyumba matauni ankangomusamutsira Vladimir kwa Moscow. Ndi zoona, kutanthauza kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu udindo ndi mphamvu ya masika. Chochitika ichi chachitika chifukwa, ndipo anali chifukwa cha mfundo kutali woona wa Moscow akalonga. The malangizo njira anapereka Daniilom Aleksandrovichem, anapitiriza ndi m'malo: Yuri, amene sanali amasiyana okonda ndale, Ivan pampando wachifumu pambuyo pa imfa ya m'bale wake. Ivan, dzina Kalita ndi mlengi lodalirika kumalimbitsa mphamvu ya mzinda wamng'ono koma wofuna. Inali nthawi Mongol khans anapatsidwa kupereka msonkho mu manja a Moscow olamulira.

m'ndale za

Pamene Prince kuoneka olemba, monga kutchula koyamba m'mbiri ya Moscow kwa chinayi, ndipo ngakhale chiyambi cha m'ma chitatu. Zonsezi zinachitika kuti wolungama ufulu mzinda ndi ukulu mu malo oyamba mu zochitika zonse Russian. Akalonga ndi boyars bwalo werera Baibulo ili. mfundo Kalita anapitiriza ndi ana ake Ivan Red, muli dzina lake aonekere wokongola, ndipo Semyon Chathu, kusiyana ndi kunyada kwambiri. Pamene kusintha amafotokoza cholinga pang'ono "avale" likulu m'tsogolo. Komabe, n'zoonekeratu kuti kutchula koyamba m'mbiri ya Moscow linachokera olemba wokhulupirika, sizowona, ndipo zimenezi mwangwiro zifukwa za ndale. Wotchedwa Dmitry Ivanovich kwambiri kulimbikitsa udindo waukulu wa mzinda, anapambana chigonjetso pa asilikali Mongol-Chitata pa munda Kulikovo mu 1380. Komabe, patapita zaka ziwiri, latsopano anaukira ankhondowo anagwira mzinda modzidzimutsa, ndipo anatengedwa ndi kutentha pafupifupi mwathunthu.

mikangano banja pa cholowa Moscow

M'tsogolo, pakati pa olandira a yolimbirana mphamvu, analandira mabuku mbiri monga nkhondo ang'onoang'ono. tsamba ili mu mbiri Russian mwadzaza mphindi zomvetsa chisoni. Wopambana anatulukamo Vasily II Mdima, ndipo ndi mwana wake, Ivan III wa, kwa nthawi yoyamba kugawikana ang'onoang'ono afika mutu wa Grand Prince wa Russia ndi Moscow anakhala likulu la Russia umodzi. Zitatero, mzinda kwambiri kulimbitsa ndi kukuza. Malinga ndi kuyang'anila ndi amalonda British, iye anali wa London. udindo wake monga likulu Moscow anakhalabe mpaka yomanga St. Petersburg ndi zaka mazana atatu zidapatsa kanjedza ku likulu la kumpoto. Komabe, mu 1918 khama la Bolsheviks, iye anakhalanso likulu la chiyambi cha RSFSR ndiyeno USSR.

Moscow: ku likulu la ukulu ndi ku likulu la Russia

Kotero inu mukhoza wokongola mwachidule kuunikila mfundo zikuluzikulu za pa maziko ndi chitukuko cha mzinda: kutchula koyamba za m'masiku a Moscow monga kuthetsa ang'onoang'ono udindo wa lalikulu ndi lamphamvu la bomalo. Mu njira iyi, izo lasintha ambiri monga maonekedwe ndi digiri ya kukopa kwake pa njira ambiri a zochitika. Makamaka, mwana wa Basil Mdima anamanga Kremlin ngati ife tingathe kuona mu nthawi yathu, njerwa zofiira. The lonse mbiri likulu la mzindawu inamangidwa Zapakati, kenako kwangochepetsako pang'ono chabe anasintha. Ngakhale mbiri yakale wosweka kwambiri makope, kusonyeza malingaliro za nthawi imene ndi kuthetsa, pali ambiri amaivomereza kuti kutchula koyamba za Moscow unalembedwa m'ma akhumi ndi imatengedwa tate wa Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Chaka kutchula koyamba anazindikira 1147. Tsopano mzindawo ndi umodzi wa mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri mu dziko ndi likulu la dziko lathu.