Mawu oyamba yolembedwa usilikali ku Russia: tsiku, chaka, E

Alexander II amadziwika kusintha zambiri kuti zinakhudza mbali zonse za moyo wa anthu Russian. Mu 1874, m'malo mwa mfumu ya Nduna ya nkhondo wotchedwa Dmitry Milyutin anasintha dongosolo yolembedwa usilikali mu asilikali Russian. Mtundu yolembedwa usilikali ndi zina zinalili mu Soviet Union ndipo akupitiriza lero.

kusintha asilikali

Chosaiwalika kwa ndiye okhala Russia oyamba yolembedwa usilikali chinachitika mu 1874. Unachitikira mu chimango cha kusintha zikuluzikulu mu ankhondo, kucitika m'nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mfumu Alexander II. mfumu uyu anadza wachifumu pa nthawi imene Russia ndi manyazi anataya Crimea nkhondo, anabweretsa bambo ake Nicholas I. Alexander anali kunena ndi disadvantageous Mtendere.

Komabe, zotsatira zake zenizeni za kulephera nkhondo wina ndi Turkey anaonekera zaka zochepa. Mfumu yatsopanoyi anaganiza kumvetsa chifukwa fiasco lapansi. Iwo inkakhala ku kuphatikizapo mu dongosolo ndi lothandiza inefficient wa kubwezeretsa asilikali.

Kuipa kupeza dongosolo

Pasanakhale oyamba yolembedwa usilikali mu Russia panali usilikali. Iwo unayamba ndi lamulo la Peter I mu 1705. Mbali yofunika ya dongosolo ndi kuti utumiki si athandize anthu ndi Madera amene asankha anyamata wotumidwa kwa asilikali. Pankhaniyi, moyo utumiki anali moyo. Afilisti, boma wamba ndi amisiri osankhidwa ofuna awo ndi pogwiritsa akhungu. Gawo limeneli enshrined m'chilamulo mu 1854.

The landlords amene anali serfs awo, wamba okha anasankha, zimene asilikali moyo anakhala kunyumba. Mawu oyamba a usilikali chonse, ndi kuchotsa dziko vuto lina. Zinali chakuti kunalibe mwalamulo kumatanthauza zaka asilikali. Iye anachita mantha, malingana ndi dera. Kumapeto kwa utali wamoyo XVIII atumwi kusanduka zaka 25, koma ngakhale oterowo munthawi anang'amba anthu ku munda wawo motalika kwambiri nthawi. banja akhoza opanda breadwinner, ndipo atafika kunyumba, iye anali pafupifupi sangathenso. Choncho, sikuti kuli zaziwerengero, komanso vuto la zachuma.

Kulalikidwa kwa kusintha

Pamene Alexander kutamanda kuipa madongosolo alipo, anaganiza kupatsa oyamba yolembedwa usilikali kutsogozedwa ndi Utumiki Nkhondo Dmitriyu Alekseevichu Milyutinu. Adagwiritsa ntchito watsopano malamulo zaka zingapo. Kusintha Development inatha mu 1873. January 1, 1874 chomaliza anali oyamba yolembedwa usilikali konsekonse. Tsiku la mwambo umenewu wakhala chosaiwalika cha m'nthawi ya.

Usilikali dongosolo linathetsedwa. Tsopano kuitana phunziro kwa anthu onse amene afika zaka 21. boma sizikupanga zosiyana makalasi kapena tithe. Choncho, kusintha bwanji olemekezeka. The Mlengi wa oyamba a usilikali konsekonse, Alexander II kunena kuti asilikali watsopano ayenera kukhala mwayi.

Terms of utumiki

Waukulu nthawi ya usilikali tsopano chimachititsa zaka 6 (mu Navy - zaka 7). Komanso kusinthidwa nthawi chimango mu malo a. Tsopano iwo anali wofanana ndi zaka 9 (mu Navy - zaka 3). Komanso, kupanga asilikali watsopano. Mu zaka 40 ali amuna amene kale ankatumikira kwenikweni zilipo. Motero, boma amalandira bwino, chimaonekera ndipo ulamuliro ofotokoza dongosolo asilikali kubwezeretsa kwa nthawi iliyonse. Tsopano, ngati inu kuyamba nkhondo yoopsayo, asilikali sanathe nkhawa mafunde mabungwe awo ndi magulu atsopano.

Ngati banja anali breadwinner yekha, kapena mwana wamwamuna, iye anamasulidwa ku wawo kupita kutumikira. Komanso akuzengereza dongosolo kusintha chaperekedwa (mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani ya moyo otsika ndi T. D.). nthawi ya utumiki kudwala, kutengera mtundu wa maphunziro anali pa msilikali wa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu waphunzira osati ku yunivesite, iye akanakhoza kukhala wa asilikali a miyezi khumi yokha.

Amodzi ndi wosamasula

mbali zimene ena anali oyamba yolembedwa usilikali mu Russia? Komanso, panali mtsogolo kwa kulemba anthu usilikali amene anali wodwaladwala. Ngati chikhalidwe chanu thupi la munthu sanathe kutumikira Yehova anamasulidwa ku wawo kupita kunkhondo. Kupatula kupatulapo anachita komanso ansembe. Anthu amene anali kudzinenera yeniyeni (madokotala, ophunzira Academy of Tirhana), nthawi yomweyo amatamanda malo popanda kwenikweni kukhala asilikali.

Ticklish linali funso dziko. Mwachitsanzo, akuluakulu a anthu olankhula zinenero zamakolo a ku Central Asia ndi Caucasus ena onse sanatumikirepo. Pa nthawi yomweyo madalitso amenewa mu 1874 anali zimafika kwa mathithi ndi ena mitundu ina kumpoto. Pang'onopang'ono, dongosolo zinasintha. Kale mu 1880, msonkhano anayamba kuitana alendo Tomsk, Tobolsk ndi Astrakhan m'zigawo, komanso Turgay, Semipalatinsk ndi Ural zigawo.

Zambiri kupeza

Pali zaluso zina kuti chinali oyamba yolembedwa usilikali konsekonse. Chaka kusintha Dmitri Milutin anakumbukira gulu tsopano chakhala okonzeka malinga ndi masanjidwe dera. Onse ufumu Russian unagawidwa malo atatu aakulu.

The woyamba anali Wamkulu Russian. N'chifukwa chiyani wotchedwa? Kuti inatenga m'gawo limene anakhala Russian ambiri mtheradi (pamwamba 75%). Zinthu kuyambira zigawo zitsulo. Kuti mphamvu yawo zaziwerengero wa kusankha zomwe gulu kunyamula anthu. Gawo lachiwiri la dziko limene nayenso Malorossy (Ukraine) ndi Belarusians. Gulu lachitatu (inorodcheskih) - ndi zinthu zina zonse (makamaka ku Central Asia, Caucasus, Far East).

dongosolo kunali kofunika kwa kupeza brigades zida zankhondo ndi oyenda regiments. Aliyense strategy wagawo kudzadza anthu gawo limodzi lokha. Ichi chidachitika pofuna kupewa yapakati-zapachiweniweni asilikali.

Kusintha ya mapeto a usilikali

Nkofunika kuti kusintha ankhondo (oyamba yolembedwa usilikali konsekonse), ndipo limodzi ndi zaluso zina. Makamaka, Alexander II adanyerezera kusanduza kwathunthu dongosolo la maphunziro kapitawo. sukulu asilikali ankakhala zaka malamulo fupa. M'mikhalidwe latsopano apilo konsekonse, iwo anakhala operewera mtengo.

Choncho, mabungwe anayamba kusintha ake aakulu. Anakhala wochititsa wamkulu wa Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich (ndi mng'ono wa mfumu). kusintha kwambiri Tingaone mu mfundozo angapo. Choyamba, wapadera maphunziro nkhondo potsiriza anasiyanitsidwa ndi ambiri. Chachiwiri, anali ntchito ndi kupeza anthu amene sanali a amazikonda anthu otchuka.

The watsopano asilikali sukulu

Mu 1862, latsopano asilikali sukulu ku Russia - sukulu ya sekondale, omwe anali anthu wamba Anzawo sukulu weniweni. M'zigawo zonse woyenerera kuloŵa mabungwe ofanana potsirizira pake linathetsedwa mu zaka 14.

Mu St. Petersburg, ndi Alexander, anakhazikitsa sukulu, zomwe apadera kupanga asilikali ndi malamulo. Ndi 1880, chiwerengero cha sukulu asilikali mu Russia kunakulanso poyerekeza ndi manambalawo kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wa Tsar-angamasuledi. Maphunziro ntchito 6, masukulu chomwecho, zolimbitsira thupi 16, masukulu 16 chifukwa Junkers ndi T D..