Ngoziyo yoyenda "Columbia" February 1, 2003: zimayambitsa, adalira

Aliyense akudziwa kuti malo kuyenda kugwirizana ndi chiopsezo moyo. Plus Umboni wa zimenezi ndi ngoziyo yoyenda "Columbia". Koma mosiyana ndi zochitika zina zofanana, chochitika movutika ndi chifukwa makamaka ambiri chachinsinsi innuendoes. Tiyeni akadali tione mmene ngoziyi inkachitika yoyenda "Columbia".

History of chombo chinapangidwira "Columbia"

Musanayambe kuyatsa ndege lotsiriza la chombo chinapangidwira "Columbia", tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule pa mbiri yake. Izi zikhoza kutithandiza kudziwa zambiri za mokoma tsokalo.
The spacecraft reusable danga yoyenda "Columbia" anayamba kumanga monga mbali ya pulogalamu NASA mu 1975. Ntchito anapatsidwa mu 1979.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti "Columbia" anali woyamba spacecraft Space Olumikiza pulogalamu. pulogalamu ili pa ulendo mu danga kugwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano zoyendera - ndi shuttles danga, mawonekedwe a ndilo amatikumbutsa kwambiri dongosolo la ndege. Mosiyana ndi spacecraft kale m'badwo wa shuttles akanakhoza kupanga osati mmodzi koma ambiri kuyenda danga. Izi zisanachitike, NASA asayansi anapezerapo zipangizo za gulu ofanana mu "ogwira" pulogalamu kuti anawuluka mmalire a m'mlengalenga.

Wotchedwa yoyenda "Columbia" polemekeza sitima, limene mpaka pano mu m'ma XVIII, kufufuza kugombe la British Columbia.

Start anatenga yoyenda mu 1981. Zinali ndege yoyamba, amene anapanga spacecraft American kwa zaka 6 lomaliza. The NASA gulu malamulo chiwerengero iye STS-1 akaweruzidwa.

Aliyense ndege wotsatira mu pulogalamu Space Olumikiza akapatsidwa nambala yotsatira. The ndege lotsiriza la malo yoyenda "Columbia" M'chaka cha 2003, TH 28 mu mzere, anali siriyo chiwerengero analipo NASA STS 107.

Kamangidwe ka yoyenda danga "Columbia"

Monga tanena danga yoyenda "Columbia" Komabe, monga zombo zonse danga la mtundu uwu, ndegeyo anali mawonekedwe.

"Columbia" anali wosiyana yoyenda patapita nthawi, kulemera ankawonjezereka ndi kusowa kwa gawo la docking. Choncho, chipangizo sakanakhoza alumikizidwa ndi "Mir" siteshoni mwina kapena mayiko Space Station.

Akuthamanga yoyenda danga anapangidwa ndi boosters olimba roketi. Kuwonjezera spacecraft yeniyeni dvuhraketnogo accelerator m'gulu kamangidwe ka volumetric kwambiri thanki mafuta wodzazidwa ndi mpweya madzi ndi wa hydrogen. Roketi chilimbikitso kulekana kukuchitika okwera 45 Km ndi thanki mafuta - pamalo okwera 113 Km.

Yozungulira roketi ndege ndi kutalika pang'ono kuposa 37 m, wingspan - 24 m, misa popanda payload - matani 68,5.

Mission STS 107

STS 107 anali 2003 ulendo, ndi la 113 la ndege la Space Olumikiza monga mbali ya malo pulogalamu US ndi ndege 28 danga yoyenda "Columbia".

Ntchito ya zovuta uyu anali ulendo kuonerera zosiyanasiyana Lapansi ndi zatsopano microgravity (yaitali Nthawi Orbiter ndi Freestar). Yoyenda "Columbia" (2003) anali kufufuza gawo "SPACEHAB» (SPACEHAB), chomwe ndi katundu zina. gawo ili akutumikira kuonetsetsa kuti mu ndege mu mlengalenga, ndi chombo izo zofuna maphunziro osiyanasiyana.

adalira

Tsopano tiyeni tipeze chimene zimapanga STS 107 adalira. Mpheroyi mamembala asanu ndi awiri: asanu ndi akazi awiri. Asanu ndi mmodzi adalira anali US nzika wina wa Isiraeli.

American wokayenda pamwezi Richard Mwamuna anali mtsogoleri wa anthu ogwira ntchito. Pa nthawi ndege ali ndi zaka 45. Pakuti mwamuna anali kuthawa chachiwiri. ulendo wake woyamba mu danga zinachitika mu 1999 monga mbali ya STS 96 ntchito pa malo yoyenda "Apeza".

compatriot wake, sorokaodnoletny Uilyam Makkul, anali Co-woyendetsa. Iye zinachitikiranso yaitali akutumikira mu Navy US. McCool anali ophunzira wamng'ono pa usinkhu wa ndege.

American wokayenda pamwezi Devid Braun sikunali katswiri. 46 wazaka wokayenda pamwezi anali wamkulu pakati m'dziko lake nawo paulendowu. David Brown anali digiri dokotala, ndipo iye anali dokotala. Mofanana ndi wokayenda pamwezi yapita kwa Davide chinali ndege yoyamba mu mlengalenga.

Makumi awiri American Indian wobadwa Kalpana Chawla kale anali pa mapewa awo zinachitikira akuuluka mu mlengalenga. Anachita nawo STS 87 ulendo mu 1997, pa yoyenda chomwecho "Columbia", limene linali kufa mu 2003. Mwa njira, gawo loyamba mu chomwecho ulendo Chiyukireniya cosmonaut Leonid Kadeniuk. Choncho, Chawla anakhala mkazi woyamba wa ku India (koma osati nzika ya India), amene wapanga danga ndege. Maulendowa STS 107 ndege injiniya udindo wake.

Pakuti sorokatrehletnego American Michael Filippa Andersona zinali wachiwiri danga ndege. Iye anatenga gawo mu ulendo STS 89 mu 1998 pa malo yoyenda "Chili" pamodzi ndi Russian Salizhan Sharipov. Anderson anali mulingo wa zomangamanga ndipo anali US Air Force woyendetsa, kukwera ku Mulingo wa msilikali wamkulu. Maulendowa STS 107, iye anali mkulu wa payload, ndiko udindo kafukufuku.

Lorel Klark wachiwiri akazi awiri omwe anatenga nawo mbali pa STS 107 ntchito. Icho chinali American Civil, iye anali ndi zaka 40. Iye anali dokotala mwa kuphunzitsa, koma analibe nawo mautumiki danga. Maulendowa anakwaniritsa udindo wa akatswiri mu zinyama.

Israeli nzika Ilan Ramon makamaka inali anaitana katswiri yachilendo NASA. Pa nthawi ndege ali ndi zaka 48, ndiye iye anali membala ambiri achikulire ndi anthu ogwira ntchito. Ramon anali katswiri maphunziro okonza pakompyuta ndi kompyuta, ndipo woyendetsa wa Israeli Air Force. Icho chinali choyamba kwa danga ntchito yake, imene ankalandira udindo payload ndi, ie, pamodzi ndi Michael Anderson wachita kafukufuku. Komanso, kuthokoza kwa ndegeyi wa Ilan Ramon anali woyamba Israeli wokayenda pamwezi.

adalira anthu ambiri anali ana.

poyambira

STS 107 ulendo kuyambiranso danga January 16, 2003 kuchokera Kennedy Space Center ku Cape Canaveral, ili mu chikhalidwe US wa Florida. Number Launch PAD - 39 A.

Posintha ku yoyenda ananyamuka chidutswa cha kutentha chimateteza ❖ kuyanika. Iye anavutika matailosi kutentha chitetezo pa phiko lamanzere la chipolopolo 'Colombia. Koma NASA akatswiri suona mfundo imeneyi ngozi yoopsa kuti mwina kusintha ndondomeko ya ulendowo kapena kuika moyo wa anthu oyendetsa pangozi. Koma kenako, nkhani imeneyi chinaoneka monga mmodzi wa mabaibulo zimayambitsa tsoka.

ndege

Monga mbali ya oyendetsa ndege lonse athane ndi ntchito zonse, muli oposa 80 zatsopano osiyana sayansi. Maulendowa unatenga masiku 15 ndipo maola 22. Izi ndi muyezo amatanthauza zombo yoyenda ndege kalasi. Panthawi imeneyi, "Columbia" wapanga 255 kusintha padziko Lapansi okwana kutalika kwa 1.6 miliyoni Km. ndegeyi chinachitika padziko Lapansi okwera 307 Km.

February 1, 2003, pambuyo kuchita ntchito zonse pa nthawi inakonzedwa, ndi yoyenda anayamba ankafika ndondomeko.

tsoka

Kodi izi tsoka danga yoyenda "Columbia"?

Mu maola Mphindi 8 10, Eastern Time chapakati ulamuliro ndege (DRM) zimathandiza gulu yoyenda "Columbia" chitani pamwamba pa ndondomeko spacecraft ndegeyo. mphindi zisanu kenako injini anapezerapo yozungulira dongosolo amayendetsera, amene ayenera kuti anapereka choyambitsa. Pambuyo theka lina ola limodzi "DC" ali m'mlengalenga.

Pa 8:48 ya kumanzere phiko kachipangizo anati nthenda kuwonjezeka matenthedwe ntchito kwa amathamanga izi. Koma deta pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana sanali umasamutsidwa ku MCC kapena kusonyeza pa bolodi kompyuta. Ndiyekhayo ku imene ife tikudziwa tsopano za kuwonjezeka kutentha ndi "wakuda bokosi."

The 8:53 chiyambi kuguluka ku yoyenda wreckage. Ndipo mphindi imodzi yokha masensa PCOS anasonyeza kusintha nthenda mu magawo. Nthawi kuzungulira "Columbia" akungokuonani taonera kung'anima kuwala.

Pa 8:58 chombo anagwapo matailosi matenthedwe kutchinjiriza. Pa 8:59 anadula mutu tangomaliza ndi mkulu wa yoyenda danga. 9:00 "Columbia" kumwamba likuphwasuka. Pa 09:05 zinachitika kugwa zinyalala ndi yoyenda kutera pa malire a boma US wa Texas.

Apa amenewa yochepa mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe adzathere ndi ngoziyo yoyenda "Columbia". Mu vutoli, palibe anthu oyendetsa analibe mwayi kuti apulumuke.

Pakachitika tsoka,

Pambuyo Ronaldo, pamene mau kotheka kuti aone mmene zimene zinachitika, February 1, 2003 pa 11:00 m'mawa mbendera zonse adatchithisira mu Space Center. Patapita maola awiri ndi theka Pambuyo chilengezo cha ku ngozi. danga yoyenda "Columbia" tsoka anatumikira monga chifukwa kufunafuna Pulezidenti George W. Chitsamba Choyaka mtundu pa 13:05 tsiku lomwelo. Iye anasonyeza condolences kuti mabanja mwa anthu, ndipo analipira msonkho kwa ungwazi wa mamembala adalira.

Chikadzangotha Ronaldo anayamba kufunafuna zotsalira za m'chombo. Mwalamulo, anthu oposa 500 nawo iwo. Kufunafuna anali kumva chifukwa chakuti mbali ya yoyenda anabalalikira m'madera mwachilungamo lalikulu, kuphimba madera a Texas, Louisiana, California, Arizona Pali anapezeka za 12,000 zidutswa. Kwenikweni, anapezeka chipangizo kuti m'malo bokosi wakuda.

Zotsalira za matupi a anthu ogwira ntchito anapezeka.

Investigation mu zimayambitsa ndi mfundo

Poyamba ankaona zimayambitsa angapo Ronaldo, koma n'zotheka lina zigawenga yomweyo analetsa, chifukwa mwaukadaulo zinali kovuta kuti. Ngakhale pa nthawi imodzi pa Intaneti ngakhale Baibulo ndi kutumizidwa, kuti ngozi yoyenda zinachitika chifukwa oyamba a HIV kompyuta dongosolo yoyenda. Koma Baibulo silikunena madzi.

M'kupita kwa kufufuza za kufufuza anakana Mabaibulo atatu, poyamba m'gulu pakati. Pa mmodzi wa iwo, kugwa chifukwa "ukalamba" ntchito yomanga yoyenda lapansi. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, chifukwa cha ngozi anali kwambiri phompho ndi lakuthwa-kulowa yoyenda lapansi. Lachitatu - tsoka zinachitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa dongosolo braking. Koma, monga tanenera pamwambapa, ndi nthawi pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, mfundo izi akana.

Panali awiri Mabaibulo chachikulu. Pa mmodzi wa iwo kuwonongeka zinachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ikukhudzana kutchinjiriza ❖ kuyanika, zomwe zinachitika kwambiri pa chiyambi cha yoyenda danga. Malinga ndi termopokrytiya yachiwiri kuwonongeka chinachitika mu mlengalenga chifukwa cha kugwa kwa miyala yochokera kugwa.

Mu linanena bungwe komaliza, amene anali kuwerenga kuchokera mu August 2003, kuti ngoziyi inkachitika chifukwa kulephera kwa phiko kumanzere kwa yoyenda mpweya red-hot atagonjetsa mu M'mimbamo ake chifukwa kutchinjiriza kuwonongeka.

zotsatira

Zotsatira chachikulu cha tsokalo anali unalimbikitsidwa kwambiri pa chitetezo ndodo ikupereka NASA spacecraft ndi oyeretsa pa iwo. nkhani yolembedwa wakhala makamaka anafotokoza kumapeto a 2008 mu lipoti wapadera NASA.

Ngoziyo yoyenda "Columbia" danga yoyenda tsoka "Challenger" mu 1986, komanso mavuto ambiri m'zaka ndege wotsatira amakakamizidwa NASA mu 2011 opanda pulogalamu Space Olumikiza.

chikumbukiro

Komabe, kukumbukira ngwazi za chombo, omwe anali m'gulu la ogwira ntchito yoyenda, iye akukhala lero.

Mmodzi wa gulu Swiss thanthwe mu 2005 anamasula nyimbo amene anali odzipereka kwa ngoziyo izi. Ndipo zaka ziwiri kuti chipani wotchuka British gulu Nato Pepo analemba nyimbo-kudzipereka kukatumikira ku assignee namfedwa mabanja a chombo.

Komanso polemekeza yoyenda danga ilo linali dzina lake imodzi yopanga, amene ntchito NASA - Columbia. Mmodzi mwa nsonga ya phiri la zida Carson mu Colorado Columbia Point dzina lake.

kutanthauza ngoziyo

Ngoziyo yoyenda "Columbia" nthaŵi chodabwitsa kwambiri anthu a ku America. Iye anasonyeza kusadalirika kwa yoyenda ndege ndi dongosolo lonse, imene pa nthawi ntchito ndi NASA.

Iwo tsoka anali chimodzi mwa zifukwa chifukwa chimene funso anaukitsidwa za kutsekedwa kwa pulogalamu Space Olumikiza.