Musketeers Mfumu ndi Cardinal alonda

Chifukwa kuganizira achiwawa a Alexander Dumas dziko lonse amadziwa komanso mabuku, ndi mafilimu ambiri amene pa nthawi ya Louis XIII analipo musketeers achifumu ndi alonda a Cardinal Richelieu. Ndipo amene tsopano anakumbukira ndi kusungulumwa XVII atumwi, komanso kugula kanjedza zochita za mfumu ndi kadinala, ndipo amalimbikitsa awo, ngati si Dumas? Koma iwo anali weniweni, ankadziwika kwambiri mbiri yakale. Tikusangalala ndi zithunzi yekha. Iwo akulondali Cardinal. Photo zikusonyeza zidole zamakono.

Kadinala Richelieu

Ndipotu iye anali mnzake wa mfumu. Koma mu masamba a buku, iye zamphamvu Wolamulira wa France. alonda A kadinala wa - ngakhale wolimba, koma ambiri zoipa anthu amene lekani kukwaniritsa zolinga mwa njira iliyonse. Kwakukulu koposa kwa tinkangoona zonse mu buku kwathunthu anausankha woipa amene amabweretsa wa, werengani de A Rochefort, amene akufuna misozi olimba mtima D'Artagnan ndi anzake. Rochefort - dzanja lamanja la Cardinal Richelieu. Armand Zhan Dyu Plessis anali, Duc de A Richelieu, kwenikweni?

wandale ameneyu anali mmodzi wa achinyamata mu malamulo ake banja ndi cholowa cha primogeniture sakanakhoza kulowa. Ndipo mmene pali munthu wanzeru amene ankafuna kuti mukwere wapamwamba? Chophweka njira kukhala wansembe. Motero, iye anachita. Ndipo chifukwa cha nzeru zake Richelieu msanga anagwidwa. Ndipo pamene anakhala bishopu, ndiye Iye adayandikira chidwi cha mfumu, mnyamata zaka makumi awiri ndi ziwiri kuyambira Bishop wogwidwa luso zamtendere ndi mwaluso anachititsa pakati chikumenyana magulu khoti akusonyeza kumbuyo zofuna za mpingo. Iye anapangidwa confessor wa make njuchi, ndiyeno Mlembi wa nkhani zakunja ndi silikhali Policy. No zokometsera mu zaka, Richelieu analibe. Pambuyo manyazi ndi kulumikizana Mfumukazi mayi Blois wamng'ono bishopu anakhazikitsa ubale pakati pa mfumu ndi mfumukazi dowager. Mu pempholo ake Louis XIII ankalimbikitsa iye malo aakulu. Choncho zaka 37 anakhala kadinala Richelieu ndipo waika lokha zolinga 4: kwathunthu kuswa Huguenots, kuwononga otsutsa apamwamba, kuti anthu kugonjera ndi kukweza ulamuliro wa Mfumu ya France ndi padziko lonse. Ndi kukula kwa mphamvu ya Cardinal chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha adani amene amafuna pa moyo wake. Mfumu, nkhawa ili, analamula asilikali bungwe.

Alonda Cardinal Richelieu

Mu 1629, mchimwene wake anaphedwa mu duel Cardinal, Louis XIII omulondera ake amatumiza wothandizira ake okhulupirika oponya mivi makumi asanu pa mahatchi ndi arquebus. Izi Richelieu anawonjezera makumi atatu wina. Motero zinaoneka alonda woyamba kadinalayo. mawonekedwe awo anali wofiira chofunda (akuda kadinala), umene sewn m'magulu anayi. Izo zikhoza zip kapena kuvala lotseguka. Apa ndi kukhazikitsanso yamakono ya zovala anapanga France.

Pa chifuwa ndi kumbuyo anali sewn mtanda woyera, imene inali mipiringidzo equilateral. mutu chidafundidwa ndi chipewa cha khonde lalikulu ndi plume woyera nthenga. Pa mapazi ake nsapato. Zimangooneka ngati alonda a Cardinal Richelieu, amene anatsagana naye kulikonse. Iwo anali pa nthawi yonse. nsanja zokhalamo onse a Cardinal anali malo mtsogoleri wawo - mkulu.

kukula wagawo

Patatha zaka zisanu, chiwerengero cha chitetezo kanayi. anthu zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri anali kuwala apakavalo, ndi anthu mazana - chachikulu, ndipo wina zana anali kuyenda. Ndi 1642 zina mphambu alonda zana. akukhudzidwira awo anali anthu 420, amene ali pafupifupi katatu kuposa kampani ya mfumu, imene inali musketeers zana ndi makumi asanu. Kuti tifike chipani, kumene anali alonda a Cardinal, sizinali zophweka. Mwambowu umboni wa munthu amene ankadziwa Richelieu ndipo anali wodzipereka sankafuna kusintha kwa obatizidwayo. Komanso, izo zimayenera kukhala okhwima, odziwa munthu osachepera zaka twente-faifi, amene ankagwira ntchito ya usilikali kwa zaka zosachepera 3. Kawirikawiri kumuwombera kudzadza okhala Brittany. malowa anali Mwambi: ". Bwino imfa kuposa manyazi" alonda Cardinal poyambirira analeredwa ngati anthu a ulemu ndi kulimba mtima. Iwo sanakonza okha kuti ateteze munthu wa chisomo chake, komanso ngati alonda tsogolo panyanja, monga mtumiki wamphamvu lonse ankayesetsa kuchita zinthu zabwino kwa France.

alonda malipiro

Duke zonse analipira awo apamwamba chitetezo malipiro, lomwe kuposa malipiro a Musketeers wa Mfumu. Iye kubala ndalama zake zida ndi asilikali awo. Izi, pamodzi ndi mahatchi anali limanena ndithu.

Mtima kwa duels

Popeza theka lachiwiri la mafumu XVI m'ma French kenako kuti apereke maweruzo kuti liletse duels. Iwo akhala mlandu boma, monga kulimba olemekezeka anavutika ndi Huguenots kuti phindu la dziko ndi sadzawononga mzake pa akangom'puta pang'ono.

Choncho, kuchuluka kwa ndewu, nkhani yonena za musketeers Mfumu ndi Cardinal alonda ndipo Dumas limafotokoza trilogy wake wotchuka - n'zosatheka. Ndi chipatso cha m'maganizo mwake omveka. Cardinal alonda, kuyesera kuti asataye malo awo opindulitsa ndi kuchita ntchito ya Akatolika woona, pafupifupi ndithu kupewa ndewu tanthauzo. Bretantsy kumene alemba ntchito alonda, anali anthu a kumpoto ndi ozizira, kuweruza.

Adani "Red Duke"

Wanzeru apamwamba a khoti ndipo kenako anakonza chiwembu chopha ndi okhwima ndi okhwima Richelieu, amene mosalekeza ndi zonse kuletsedwa ufulu wodzilamulira, kukonza ufumu mtheradi. Funso la amene anali kumenyana ndi asilikali a Cardinal, zikusonyeza yankho - opandukawo Duke wa Montmorency, yemwe patapita anayesa ndi kuphedwa.

polimbana Achiprotestanti

ngwazi okhulupirika a Chikatolika, pamene ena sikakanakhoza, Kadinala Richelieu anachita chizolowezi umalimbana kulimbana ndi Huguenots ndipo Achiprotestanti m'dziko la England, amene anatenga Africa linga la La Rochelle. The British mu 1627 anaukira gombe French nyanja. Mu 1628 anayamba kulanda mzinda wa linga wa. Iwo panafika osati mwa makamu zonse komanso mayunitsi a musketeers ndi alonda. asilikali Protestant - ndi analumbira mdani wa asilikali kadinala a. Nkhondo ya chikhulupiriro chenicheni kwa mayi woyera Mpingo wa Katolika wakhala kusekondale. Ndipo La Rochelle wakhala zikutanthauza kuti imapha ndi English amadzinenera kuti dziko French. Kumene, ngakhalenso mfumu kapena mtumiki wake wamphamvu sakanatha kulola ufumu wofooka, ndipereka dziko analumbira adani kuyambira nthawi ya a zaka mazana nkhondo, Achiprotestanti ndi ampatuko English.

Zina za Musketeers mfumu

Woyamba wotetezedwa, zomwe, poyamba, sizinathandize, ndipo iye anaphedwa ndi mpeni mu ophimba katatu mu chifuwa, anayamba Henry IV. kampani kwake Carabinieri anali rearmed ndipo anali muskets. Zinali chida womangika, zovuta, ndipo ntchito, anafunikiradi ndi squire. Ndi dzina la zida zawo ndi anadziwika monga Musketeers.

Woyamba leni mkulu anali Gascon, countryman Henry IV, werengani de A Truavil, amene anadzatchedwa yekha Treville. Mwachibadwa, iye yagoletsa pa utumiki wa mfumu ya m'dziko lake kuchokera Gascony ndi Bearn.

The mawonekedwe a Musketeers anali odula mtundu wa manja a nyumba yachifumu. Chofunda anali azure ndi maluwa golide, ndi mitanda ya veleveti woyera.

Kavalo ankafunika kwenikweni imvi. Kuwonjezera iye ndi musket kwenikweni anafunika kuvala zipolopolo gulaye, flasks ufa, chipolopolo thumba, lupanga wabwino, mfuti ndi lupanga. Onse koma musket ndi, musketeer anali kupereka yekha. Ndipo panali ana makamaka achinyamata a m'banja mfulu. Iwo anali olemekezeka, ngakhale, koma anthu olephera. Kudzisonkhanitsa zipangizo, monga ife tikudziwa kuchokera ku buku "Musketeers Atatu", zinali zovuta kwambiri. Zasungidwa linalipiridwa zochepa ndi zoumbika mosiyanasiyana.

Ntchito yawo inali Barizilai anaperekeza mfumu pa koyenda ndipo yokopa nkhondo. Service ananyamula osati mu chipinda cha Louvre, ndipo mu msewu.

Pamene D'Artagnan anali mkulu, chiwerengero cha musketeers chinawonjezeka pafupifupi ndi theka. Werengerani d'Artagnan - umunthu mbiri.

Mu Paris, chipilala kwa iye. Musketeers pamene ankakhala nyumba mu Faubourg Saint-Germain.

gulu alipodi kusintha, kuchokera 1660 mpaka 1818.

Choncho, awa deta mbiri ayenera kupereka chitetezo cha Mfumu ndi chisomo chake, kalonga wa Richelieu.