Armand de A Caulaincourt, ndi French nthumwi. "Kulanda Napoleon ya Russia"

Armand de A Caulaincourt - French asilikali ndi mtsogoleri wandale amadziwika kuti memoir ake, odzipereka kwa kampeni Napoleon ku Russia, komanso ubwenzi ndi atsogoleri a ufumu otchuka awiri, omwe asonkhana pamodzi 1812 mu nkhondo wamagazi.

Childhood ndi moyo woyambirira

Atate wa phungu tsogolo la Napoleon ndi French Minister okhonda anali usilikali ndipo ankakhala ndi banja lake mu cholowa Nyumbayi Caulaincourt kuti malire a dipatimenti ya Aisne. Chinayi mu December 1773 mu wolowa wake yaitali anabadwa. mnyamatayo wotchedwa Armand.

Popeza banja anali wolemekezeka, mwana analandila maphunziko kunyumba, ndipo okha 1778 Armand de A Caulaincourt, kutsatira mapazi a bambo wake, anayamba njira ake ankhondo. Pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu, mnyamatayo analembetsa lina achifumu apakavalo Regiment ndi udindo wa Private. Pa sikisitini ndi theka Caulaincourt anali kale mkulu yachiwiri, mu 1791 ankatumikira monga msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja kuti bambo ake.

chizunzo

1792 anabweretsa mnyamatayo osati zochitika chokondweretsa, komanso pa mavuto aakulu. Poyamba, iye analimbikitsa kuti udindo wa mkulu, kenako mwadzidzidzi usilikali. Chifukwa kuti anali mutu wa otchuka amene anachititsa kukayikirana pakati pa boma la France chosintha, umene panthawi imeneyo monga analoŵa nkhondo ndi Austria komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'gulu la asilikali kuyeretsa.

Koma Armand de A Caulaincourt sanali mmodzi wa anthu amene kusiya mophweka. Mu chaka chomwecho anapempha Alonda National pansi pa Paris (mu nthambi ya Red Cross) ufulu odzipereka, ndipo posachedwapa, popeza wodzidalira ndi kutsogolera, kukhala ndi anga okalamba ndi imodzi mwa battalions Parisian. Kenako Caulaincourt anagwera mu chiwerengero cha grenadiers, ndipo patapita kanthawi - osunga kavalo. Zikuoneka kuti zonse anapita bwino, koma ndiye kachiwiri zikuvutitsa chiyambi lolemera. Poganizira mnyamatayo ndi Muzisamala kwambiri, anamangidwanso kachiwiri ndipo anaponyedwa mu ndende, imene Komabe, posakhalitsa anathamanga.

kupeza bwino

ndi 1794 ntchito Caulaincourt mofulumira kwambiri amapita ku phiri. Mu chaka chimodzi atafika udindo wa mkulu wa squadron wa Regiment apakavalo, kutumikira pa yemweyo msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja ambiri Ober Dubail (a mnzake wapamtima wa banja). Mu 1796-mamita Ober Duban anakhala kazembe ku Constantinople ndi Armand de A Caulaincourt motere.

Mu Fratsiyu wamng'ono msilikali kumbuyo mu 1797-mamita ndipo amakhala wothandizira ambiri mu gulu lankhondo la Meuse ndi Sambre. Ndiyeno panali German, Mayan, ndi Rhine Army. Caulaincourt mtima udindo wa wamkulu, adalamulira Regiment wa carabineers. Nawo nkhondo za katundu ndi pansi Venheymom. M'masiku otsiriza Iye anavulazidwa kawiri, koma akhalire akadali sanapite. cholowa komanso kunagwa nkhondo ndi Nersheyme mooskirchen.

zofunika

Mu 1799 ku France izo unagonjetsedwa Directory ndi kwenikweni anayamba nyengo Napoleonic. Bonaparte unali usanakhale mfumu (ili kokha kuchitika mu 1804), koma anali kazembe woyamba ndipo anachita moyo pagulu ntchito yaikulu.

Nthawiyi kwenikweni zofunika ntchito Caulaincourt. Ndipo mathokozo onse ndi zothandizira mipingo yawo mnzanu wina wakale wa banja - ". Nduna yachilendo French" Talleyrand, amene ankalamulidwa Napoleon pamalo a Munthu uyu anatha nazo proteges ake anapita ku St. Petersburg ndi Zabwino kwa Napoleon ndi Alexander Wamkulu, anakhala mfumu.

Ulendo inayamba mu 1801-mamita ndipo idatha 1802-m. Kwa chaka mu Russia Caulaincourt akhoza ingratiate yekha ndi Alexander, ndipo motero "anatsutsa" okha pa chifundo cha Napoleon, chifukwa chochita utumiki wabwino.

Atabwerera nthumwi bwino anakhala msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja wa Napoleon, ndipo posakhalitsa anapatsidwa ntchito ya ikuyendera ndi aulemu consular makola.

Patapita kanthawi, Caulaincourt, amene anali usinkhu koma zaka makumi atatu, ali nawo manja awo pa lamulo la Regiment asilikali a gulu lankhondo la Rhine.

kuwononga kwambiri mbiri yake

Mu chaka cha kukwera mpando wachifumu wa Napoleon ndi Armand de A Caulaincourt chinachitika nkhani zosasangalatsa. Lamulo ali anamuuza kuti akapereke mkulu wa uthenga Baden munali pempho kupasuka mu Baden mayunitsi asilikali. Mu malangizo kuti panalibe cholakwika, koma okonza upandu ntchito Duke monga uziwatchinga. Iye anabedwa ndi Caulaincourt chinaoneka monga pa mlandu mwachindunji.

Wapolisiyo mbiri movutikira pambuyo nkhonya zazikulu. Koma pamaso pa ankakonda wake Napoleon anagwa. Mfumu anavomereza mfundo yakuti Caulaincourt chabe lathuli. Bonaparte sanakayikire akhama kwambiri ndipo Pet kuwonjezera akuyang'anira makola otsiriza apatsidwa ulamuliro pa mwambo wa zodyera mu Mapu.

Nsembe m'dzina la utumiki

Service pa bwalo zinkandisangalatsa zachabechabe Armand de A Caulaincourt, amene 1805 analimbikitsidwa ndi akuluakulu onse, kenako kupereka ndi aulemu Imperial Order. Koma ngati mkulu ntchito zikayenda bwino, kalanga, osati popanda ovulala. Location Bonaparte anali mtengo, ndipo chimodzi mwa zofunika ake Caulaincourt kusiyana ndi mkazi amamukonda.

Napoleon chomvera malamulo bourgeois za makhalidwe abwino, si moni chilekano. A buthu wa ulemu Madame de A Canisius Mfumukazi anakwatiwa. Caulaincourt ankafunitsitsa kuti amukwatire iye, koma sadathe.

Pakati pa Napoleon ndi Alexander

Mu umodzi wa nkhondo iye Arman ndimachita Napoleon pa yopuma kwa Cannon mpira, ndipo mfumu anakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri mu protégé wake. Bwanayo iye dukedom, ndipo mu 1807, Caulaincourt analandira udindo watsopano - "kazembe France mu Russia. "Ndi zoona kuti mu St. Petersburg patriot wa dziko lakwawo kupsereza wofuna kupita, koma sanayese n'komwe kusamvera Bonaparte.

Mu Russia, Arman zaka zisanu ndi zaka zonsezi akuyesetsa kuletsa Yehova likubwera akupitirizabe - nkhondo ya pakati pa maufumu awiri. Ndipo Alexander, amene anakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi Napoleon Caulaincourt kwambiri kulemekezedwa ndi okondedwa. Izi zinathandiza zinamulepheretsa kuchita chilichonse mbali imodzi. Iye anavomera kuti akazonde kwa France, ngati apempha Bonaparte, koma kazitape Alexander anapereka. Komabe, izo zinachitika mwangozi - munthu amene Duke anayambitsa Russian mfumu, woyang'anira wake wakhala nthawi yaitali Tayleran, anakumana ndi chikoka cha Alexander ndi kumuuza mfundo zothandiza pa bwalo French.

Caulaincourt mobwerezabwereza unachitikira nkhani Napoleon pa inadmissibility a nkhondo, ndipo m'kupita kwa mfumu anaganiza kuti tsar Russian alemba ntchito iye. Izi zinachititsa yosiya ntchito ku positi a kazembe wa Duke. Caulaincourt anabwerera ku France mu 1811.

Nkhondo ya 1812

Ndipo mu 1812 koma nkhondo inayambika, ndi Duke anali kachiwiri mu Russia. Only tsopano mu udindo wa lodziwa si monga occupier lapansi.

Pafupifupi nthawi zonse anakhala pafupi Napoleon, ndipo anapitiriza kulankhula ndi nkhondo. Izi zinachitika mu kukhalapo kwa Alexander Wamkulu, pa zokambirana za. Bonaparte anakwiya kwambiri protege wake, sanali kucheza naye masabata ochepa. Ndipo ngakhale anasonyeza chisoni pa imfa ya mng'ono wake Caulaincourt mu nkhondo ya Borodino.

AKUBWERETSANSO pamodzi Mfumu ndi Duke mavuto anakumana pamodzi; masiku wobvutika kugwira ntchito ku likulu la Russia, moto, kenako mochititsa manyazi kubwerera kunyumba.

nkhondo itatha,

Nkhondo ya 1812 inatha zoipa kwambiri kwa France ndi Napoleon yekha. Monga mukudziwa, anakakamizika amatula pansi mu mtima wa mwana wake. Koma ngakhale Caulaincourt ankamuyembekezera mphamvu. Ngakhale kuti akhale mfumu, Bonaparte anali ndi nthawi yokumana chofunika komanso ankakonda wake unali malo aakulu - ". Nduna yachilendo French" Mu ntchito iyi, iye mobwerezabwereza anatsogolera nkhani mtendere, napempha Alexander kuti kudzipatula Napoleon pa chilumba cha Elba , mmalo mwa imfa Nkosatheka.

Abdication wa Bonaparte kunathandiza zabwino munthu moyo Caulaincourt. Iye kenako kukwatira wake wokondedwa.

Osati anakhudzidwa ndi Duke ndi kubwezeretsa - lililonse mmodzi zigawo sanasinthe naye. Mwina izi zinali zotsatira ubale ofunda ndi mfumu Russian.

Koma posakhalitsa chifundo cha French khoti Caulaincourt anataya. Kumene mfumu mosatsata iye udindo onse. Mtumiki wa Duke anali mpaka 1814.

"Kuuka" ndi kugwa

Pa tsiku loyamba la chaka cha 1815, Napoleon anabwerera ku France ndipo anayamba kulamulira izo kachiwiri. A kalasi yoyamba French nthumwi kamodzi amangidwenso mpando Minister okhonda lapansi. Iye anapitiriza kumamatira kwa mzere wawo, kuti linkafuna pamodzi Bonaparte ndi amulakwira Europe. Koma sizinathandize. Napoleon ankafunitsitsa kumenya nkhondo ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya akufuna potsiriza amuchotsepo Iye, kenako chinachitika - Bonaparte walephera nkhondo yake yomaliza.

Mu June 1815 Caulaincourt anakhala anzawo a France, ndipo mu July anabwerera ku mpando wachifumu wa Bourbons lapansi. Napoleon unachotsedwa. Atabwerera ku kugwa ndendende zana masiku.

Armand anali kumangidwa, koma Iye anathandiza Russian chimodzi - mfumu. Nkhaniyi kusamukira ku St. Petersburg Caulaincourt anakana m'masiku ake amakhala pakhomopo, salinso agwilitse apamwamba ndipo olekanitsidwa ndi ndale.

Anathera nthawi yake yochuluka kulemba Maulendo Ake za nkhondo zaka khumi ( "kulanda Napoleon ya Russia). Iye anafa 1827, pa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi wa February. Pa nthawi ya imfa yake anali ndi zaka makumi atatu.

Armand de A Caulaincourt: "kulanda Napoleon ya Russia" (Maulendo)

Mu Maulendo Ake za nkhondo ndi Russia, wolemba wa memoir ananena zinachitika zaka zonsezo mbali zochepetsetsa. Pafupi Napoleon, iye anali tsiku lonse, kotero nthawi bwinobwino tione makhalidwe ake ndipo anaponya kuzipenya lake pa pepala.

Komanso Bonaparte makhalidwe alipo mu zokumbukira ndi nkhani miphika zina lalikulu la asilikali a ku France, komanso za Alexander.

Mtsogoleri wodziwa nkhondo, limalongosola nkhondo, komanso akuchita ntchito mawunikidwe, akulankhula za zifukwa mliri wa Nkhondo ndi cha mathedwe yochititsa manyazi ku French awo.

Maulendo olembedwa Armand de A Caulaincourt mosangalatsa kwambiri, zosavuta kuwerenga. Kwa nthawi yoyamba bukhu zimaikidwa mu 1833, ndipo opereka kwa mbiri yakale, komanso chidwi nkhondo ya Napoleon ndi Russia onse, amene anawononga mfumu yaikulu.