Zifukwa zazikulu chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom ku Russia

Kamodzi 1856, anamaliza Crimea nkhondo, azambiriyakale ambiri amanena kuti nyengo za ufulu ndi kukonza Russia. Komabe ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu mochedwa, asayansi ambiri, anzeru ndi kanjedza anthu apeza zifukwa chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom. m'munsi A kwenikweni anali, osachepera, osankhika a nthawi imeneyo ankaganiza kuti serfdom - ndi osachepera chiwerewere. Ngakhale analenga m'dera chinsinsi amene kumenyana serfdom, koma anali onse pachabe.

Mu 1855, iye anayamba kulamulira mfumu yatsopano. Alexander II kuyambira ali mwana anazolowera mankhwala umunthu anthu, iwo sanali mwa mtundu uliwonse wa chuma chawo. Komabe, mfumu yatsopano alibe mofulumira kuchita kusintha kulikonse, ngakhale bwino kuti backwardness luso Russia, komanso serfdom - zifukwa kuti angatchedwe waukulu, umene ulibe nkhondo. Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma mapeto, Alexander Wachiwiri anatsimikizira kuti kusintha ndi n'zofunikadi, ndipo ziyenera kuperekedwa posachedwapa.

Kotero, ichi chititsimikizira chiyembekezo chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom, zotsatirazi: izo kwambiri akulephera kukula kwa makampani, likulu ankati pang'onopang'ono ndipo zinali ayenera kuti Russia adzakhala boma sekondale.

Chifukwa china n'chakuti onse minda ya wamba sakanakhoza kukana wolimba, ndi kuwononga, ndipo izo zonse zikuchitika chifukwa landlords nthawi zambiri kuchuluka serfdom, ndi lendi malipiro alimi kuchita kanthu kuposa momwe kupita ku ntchito m'mafakitale a.

The chiyembekezo chachitatu n'chakuti serfdom anali chifukwa chachikulu Crimea nkhondo anatayika. Pa nkhope chinali chifukwa chakuti Russia ali kwambiri mkulu zamakono asilikali kufooka poyerekeza ndi mphamvu ina yaikulu. Komanso, alimi inawonongeka mofulumira kwambiri chifukwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi levies, alimi ambiri chabe anathawa landlords lapansi.

Chifukwa china - kukula kwa zipolowe wamba. Iwo kwenikweni, analibe kanthu kutaya, kotero kuyamba mukubwadamuka. boma ndi mantha kwambiri, kuyamba wachiwiri "Pugachevshchina".

chifukwa wachisanu chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom ndi olamulira okha anali odziwa bwino kuti mmene zinthu zilili, iwo ali, ngati pa ufa keg, ndipo tiyenera kuchita kuti agwire kusintha, koma mwinamwake kanthu bwino sudzatha.

Pomaliza, chifukwa chimodzi kuti serfdom ndimayenera kulepheretsa ndi kuti kunaoneka ndi ambiri ngati ukapolo weniweni ndi pafupifupi magawo onse a anthu amawanena boma la zochitika.

Izi si zifukwa zonse chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom, koma prerequisites awa asanu ndi boma ambiri ovutika.

Izo zinali mu zaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa mfumu yatsopano yosainidwa ndi lamulo la Amnesty. Mu mawu a m'chikalata ambiri Decembrists, komanso mamembala a zipolowe zina kulandira ufulu awo, kuthetsa ena midzi asilikali kufufuza, ngakhale anakhalabe, koma ndithu wofooka, ndi kupita kudziko lina wakhala ufulu.

Boma latsopano wabwera ndipo anawona zinthu zonse kwa chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom, koma dongosolo bwino kanthu iwo sanatero. Koma anthu a panthawiyo anali kale zolemba zosiyanasiyana za mbiri chikhalidwe, ndi mabuku, amene anapereka ziwembu zawo chifukwa kusintha latsopano. Wotchuka kwambiri cholemba Kavelina mbiri, amene ankakhulupirira kuti pa kusintha wamba ayenera kuganizira osati zofuna za nzika, komanso anthu wamba. Mu maganizo ake, anthu awa alandira dziko ntchito, ndi landlords - mphoto kwa izo.

Komanso, munthu uyu ali bwino kwambiri anafotokoza zifukwa zonse chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom, ndipo anthu kwenikweni kumumvetsera. Komabe, Dziwani kuti boma linali alibe Choncho amasangalala olimbikitsa, ngakhale zipolopolo ku malo awo a ntchito, koma chilungamo m'pofunika kuganizira kuti anali maganizo ake ndi anazindikira chakudya yaikulu ya kusintha m'tsogolo.