Boyar Duma

Chiyambi cha mawu akuti "Ambuye" ndigwira osadziwika. Komanso, palibe magwero zopelekedwa, zimene zakhala zikuonekera poyera ananena ntchito iwo apatsidwa. Koma tikudziwa kuti chiri pafupi Prince alangizi kuthandiza pothetsa nkhani yothandiza dziko.

Boyar Duma - bungwe okhazikika pansi kalonga, kuthetsa apamwamba Zemsky mafunso. ntchito zake zinali zakonosoveschatelnogo khalidwe. Kapangidwe ena kuposa boyars, munali nkhondo, ndipo nthawi zina ndi nthumwi za atsogoleri apamwamba.

Boyar Duma anaganiza nkhani yaikulu kasamalidwe, kunja ndondomeko, malamulo ndi bwalo. Choncho iwo kukambirana pamodzi ndi Prince (mfumu). Yamtunduwu, ufulu ndi udindo sanali mwachindunji. Monga ulamuliro, anthu angapo amene analipo pa bwalo la akulu, koma ngati inu kukambirana nkhani zofunika kwambiri, misonkhano mu mtundu kukodzedwa. Duma nawo pankhani ya miyeso achipembedzo ndi malamulo, zipangizo zoweta, mfundo yachilendo.

msonkhano atsogoleri adzakhala kalonga (mfumu), iye ankanena zochita. Kulibe, ntchitozo apatseni udindo Boyar. Polankhula ndi funso wamkulu wa pa akalonga ochepa m'dziko akhoza kuchita msonkhano olowa. Boyar Duma kunagwirizana ndi kalonga bola ngati anali ku mbali yaikulu ya retainers, nayenda naye ku malo osiyanasiyana. Kenako amveke Zemsky amafotokozera, izo walandira kudziyimira pawokha kwambiri.

Boyar Duma zisanafike zaka 15 anali pafupi akamavutika. Kenako iye anakhala mpaka kalekale chenjezo thupi lopangidwa adapita kwa kalaliki wa bungwe, olemekezeka, ogwira, olemekezeka duma. Woyamba anali kuyang'anira ofesi yoyendetsa ndipo kudawerengedwa kusodza zochita. Iwo anapatsa akazembe, ndi namestnye nkhani pang'ono. Kalaliki wa bungwe panali udindo wotsikitsitsa pa bolodi.

udindo Court "courtier" analiko boma Russian ku 13 18 atumwi. Poyamba, Ntchito yawo inali kuyenda chipangizo kalonga nawo mu zokambirana ndi akazembe a. Courtier anali wachiwiri udindo pambuyo Boyar duma. Munthu wokhala pa positi, woikidwa abwanamkubwa regimental, atsogoleri a malamulo, iwo anatenga gawo mu gulu la miyambo bwalo.

Duma duma fuko lomveka anali udindo lachitatu. Iwo analamulira malamulo, woikidwa ndi akazembe, asilikali ikuchitika ndi ntchito bwalo, nawo misonkhano ya Council. Analipo yaing'ono, iwo amakhala a bwino wobadwa dzina banja.

Mu zaka za m'ma 17 (1606) pa Zemsky Sobor mu ulamuliro anali "kufuula" Prince Vasily Shumsky, wotchedwa Ankhondo. Pofuna kuti akalandire thandizo wa Duma, kapena mwanjira kuchepetsa kudana ake kwa iye, mfumu yatsopano anaganiza kukumana zonena za apamwamba ndi kukakamiza anthu angapo udindo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iye analumbiritsidwa "kujambula krestotselovalnoy," zomwe analonjeza kuti padzakhala: kuweruza popanda Duma, kuti asanene manyazi opanda kulungamitsidwa zokwanira, kuchotsa katundu mabanja a anaphedwa. Choncho, mfumu ya mphamvu zochepa. Komabe, udindo Ndipotu zambiri osati kukakamizidwa. Pankhaniyi, olemba mbiri ena lumbiro Vasiliya Shuyskogo amaonedwa monga chiyambi cha kupanga boma malamulo.

Boyarsky Mfumu inali mbali zochepa, zambiri zasintha anzawo ndi malingaliro. ufulu wake wachifumu, iye wolungama kalekale za mtundu wake. Komabe, anthu sanali kumukhulupirira. Iye analibe mphamvu iliyonse, kapena chikondi, chifukwa mawu ake sangapatsidwe. Zimenezi n'zimene zinachititsa kuti chiwonongeko chake, chimene chinachitika pa July 17, 1610.

Boyar Duma chinakhalapo mpaka ulamuliro wa Peter Ine, makamaka kwa 1711, pamene inakhalapo ndi Senate.