Edward wonena: yonena ndi chithunzi sayansi

Today tikambirana za moyo wa Edward wonena. Ndinu chodziwikiratu kuti anamva dzina izo kale, ngati moyo wanu akatswiri zosagwirizana ndi sayansi. Komabe, Edward wonena - munthu wodabwitsa amene anakhala wodzala ndi mphamvu ya moyo wabweretsa zinthu zatsopano kwa anthu. anathandiza kuti sayansi ndi lofunika kwambiri, chifukwa maganizo, kufufuza ndi mabuku a munthu uyu mpaka tsiku lino maziko mafunso ambiri mu sayansi. moyo munthu uyu zotsutsana, monga iye. Osati aliyense amavomereza kuti ankafunitsitsa kuthandiza ntchito ya usilikali umalimbana kukhala pa mphamvu za nyukiliya, koma zilibe kumana wonena talente ndi nzeru kwambiri.

Amene tikunena chiyani?

Edward wonena, yonena umene anapereka m'munsimu, amadziwika sayansi ongolankhula. Amatchedwanso "tate wa bomba wa hydrogen." wasayansi Zimenezi zathandiza chopereka zikuluzikulu kafukufuku wazamawalidwe, sayansi maselo ndi nyukiliya. Ndipo Iye anafotokoza zotsatira za Renner wonena tingati ndi Jahn wonena kwenikweni. Chiphunzitso cha Brunauer-Emmett wonena tingati akadali maziko sayansi. Komanso anawonjezera chiphunzitso cha munthu Enrico Fermi za particles beta kuwonongeka. Pamodzi ndi N. mzinda M. Rosenbluth, ndipo mu 1953 analemba nkhani yomwe anali ngati kutsogolera ntchito Monte Carlo njira mu zimango zowerengera.

Yambani yonena

Edward wonena anabadwa mu yozizira 1908 ku Budapest. mwanayo anabadwa m'banja la Chiyuda. bambo ake anali wazamalamulo, ndipo mayi ake - ndi walimba. Banja la mnyamatayo sanali yekha, koma pamodzi ndi mkulu wake Emma. Patapita nthawi, banja m'khristu ngati mabanja achiyuda kwambiri pa nthawiyo. Kuchokera pamenepa, zimaonekeratu kuti abale a mnyamatayu anali achipembedzo kwambiri. Ngakhale izi, wamkulu palokha moyo anayamba kukayikira zoti kuli Mulungu. Wonena anayamba kulankhula, koma anali ambiri ndipo akhoza ngakhale awerenge chiwerengero cha masekondi mu chaka.

ophunzira

Popeza munthu anakulira chikhalidwe cha positi-nkhondo kugalukira ku Hungary ndi mavuto ambiri, iye anadzazidwa ndi moyo tikamapita ku Fascism ndi chikominisi. Kulembetsa maphunziro apamwamba bungwe mu Budapest munthu sanathe chifukwa kumayambiriro zoletsa Horthy Miklós. Mu 1926, mnyamata amapita ku Institute Karlsruhe of Technology ku Germany kwa zimapangidwira zomangamanga. Anasamukira ku moyo mu zaka ziwiri Munich, wokonda kwadzidzidzi zimango. Chifukwa chakuti wonena ankaphunzira woganiza, iye mosadziwa anagundidwa ndi sitima ndipo anataya phazi lake lamanja. Chifukwa cha ichi, iye anali moyo wonse limp ndi ankavala prosthesis. Pofika mu 1930, iye ali ndi PhD mu sayansi ongolankhula, amene analandira ku yunivesite ya Leipzig. nkhani yolembedwa ake zoyenera za haidrojeni ion maselo.

Panthawi imeneyi, anakumana ndi odziwika bwino Russian wasayansi L. Landau ndi G. Gamow. Wonena pa chitukuko mu zikuluzikulu za sayansi ndi nzeru ndi kwambiri kufooketsedwa ndi wake ubwenzi moyo wautali ndi Bambo Placzek. Zinali iye amene anathandiza chakuti wolengeza anakhoza kukhala Rome pa Enrico Fermi. Anatsimikiza tsogolo sayansi ntchito amuna.

akula

Edward wonena, chithunzi cha zomwe tikuona mu pepala zaka ziwiri za moyo wake kwa University of Göttingen. Komabe, mu 1933, mothandizidwa ndi anthu a mayiko Committee Anandipulumutsa, wonena kumanzere Germany. Pafupi chaka anakhala mu England, chaka - mu Copenhagen, kumene, poyamba, iye anagwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi N. Bohr. Ndi 1934 obzavolsya banja potenga ubwana bwenzi mlongo mkazi ali - Maria Augusta.

Chaka kenako banja wamng'ono kwambiri pamene Edward wonena adapempha ndi Gamow. Iye anali ndi udindo wabwino pa yunivesite ya George. Washington. Mu US, wonena anakhala katswiri. Pamodzi ndi Gamow iwo kuthana ndi nyukiliya kwadzidzidzi ndi sayansi maselo. Edward wonena, zochita nyukiliya amene zodziwika mdziko lonse, anatulukira iwo mu 1939. Atatsala pang'ono izi, iye anali wokhoza kutsegula zotsatira, kuchokera pa dzina "Jahn wonena kwenikweni." Iye anagona chakuti mamolekyulu amakhala kusintha mawonekedwe awo ena zochita. Zimenezi, bwanji njira ya mankhwala anachita.

bomba Mlengi

Mu 1941, wonena anadzakhala nzika ya America. Panthawi imeneyi, ndi chidwi kwambiri mafunso a nyukiliya ndi nyukiliya maphatikizidwe mphamvu. Zonsezi kuchuluka kokha pamene nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itayamba, ndi wasayansi anali mmodzi wa gulu la anthu ochita kafukufuku kupanga bomba la atomiki. T. Von Karman, bwenzi la ngwazi wathu, anamulangiza ntchito ndi H. Bethe. Pamodzi maziko a chitukuko cha mantha yoweyula chiphunzitso kafalitsidwe. Patapita zaka zambiri, zinali kuphunzira awo zachokera kuphunzira nkhani za kulowa kwa maroketi m'mlengalenga.

anapitiriza ntchito

Ndi zina chinkhoswe Edward wonena? Wambiri mwachidule amapereka mibadwo zotsatirazi zochitika:

• Kuchokera mu 1946 mpaka 1952 kuphunzira pa University of Chicago. Pa nthawi yomweyo anakhala kazembe mkulu wa Los Alamos National Laboratory.
• Kuyambira 1953 mpaka 1975 anapitiriza ntchito yake yophunzitsa pa yunivesite ya California ku Berkeley.
• Mu 1954 iye anakhala mtsogoleri wa Lawrence Livermore cheza Laboratory, Lawrence. Mu 1952 iye anali mtsogoleri wa cofufuzila chitukuko cha bomba wa hydrogen. Mu November, mwambo mayeso oyamba.
• Kuyambira 1957 1973 kwenikweni ntchito otchedwa "Akhala Zolimira". Anafotokoza za ntchito ya US wamba nyukiliya. Motsogozedwa ndi ngwazi athu akale mabomba 27.

Akuti wonena sanali zamakhalidwe. Iye anakhulupirira kuti United States ayenera mwayi m'munda zida za nyukiliya. DZIWANI anatsutsa lamulo la ntchito zida za nyukiliya anayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zida zothandiza ndi yotchipa.

kafukufuku

Kuwonjezera pa nkhani ya zida za nyukiliya Edward wonena ankachita nawo mndandanda wina wa mavuto. Choncho, iye anaphunzira zimango kwadzidzidzi, kafukufuku wazamawalidwe, umagwirira thupi, sayansi kunyezimira kwa dziko. Pamodzi ndi kale bwino kuti ife G. Gamow anakonza mu 1936, kusankha ulamuliro wa particles pa β-kuwonongeka. Mu 1947 chokha anali kuli maatomu mesic.

Iye anali kupereka pa "Athandiza kwa sayansi ya nyukiliya ndi mankhwala" Enrico Fermi linapereka mu 1962. Mu 1975, wonena anasiya malo pulofesa mu University of California.

Mu udindo wa mlangizi

The zaka 30 za moyo wake wodzipereka kwa ngwazi wa nkhani ngati mlangizi wa. Iye anamulangiza boma pa zida za nyukiliya. Mu 1980, Pulezidenti Reagan amapereka ndondomeko yakuti "Star Nkhondo." Anafotokoza za la Strategic silikhali Initiative.

Mu 1979, panali ngozi zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya US. Pa nthawi yomweyo wonena anadwala matenda a mtima. A pang'ono kale pa zowonetsera kanema anamasulidwa wotchedwa "The China Syndrome". Udindo waukulu mu izo ankaimba ndi George. Fund, amene anali odzipereka mdani wa US zida za nyukiliya. Kenako wonena amanenela mlandu kumuukira wake.

Mu 1994, wonena anapita Russian Federal nyukiliya Center pa msonkhano.

Kwa zaka 20, asayansi analangiza andale Israeli. Kwa zaka zitatu iye anali 6 maulendo dziko lino, kuwerenga nkhani pa sayansi ongolankhula. Wonena anafunika chaka chonse kutsimikizira CIA, kuti Israeli ali chachikulu angathe nyukiliya. Pomaliza mu 1976, woimira CIA inanena kuti analandira mfundo kuchokera ku magwero odalirika za mphamvu nyukiliya Israeli.

Quotes ndi mabuku

Edward wonena, amene makoti m'kati mwenimweni, anali mosalekeza munthu waluntha. Ambiri a mawu ake akugwiritsidwabe ntchito. Otchuka kwambiri monga akuti wake: "Mfundo yakuti sayansi lero - mawa njira."

Mu tikalemba wake wonena ananena kuti ngakhale malingaliro kapena kukumbukira kapena kuwunika si zofunika kwa mwana kukhala ndi wasayansi, ndi wokwanira ndi chidwi chachikulu sayansi.

Kodi wina Edward wonena anachita? mabuku Ake akadalipobe mu ankafuna. Iye analemba mndandanda wa mapepala sayansi ongolankhula. mabuku ake kusiyana ndi kufotokoza bwino kumva za maganizo.

Kufotokoza nkhani, ine ndikufuna kunena kuti wasayansi Edward wonena anapanga zopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha sayansi. kafukufuku ndi buku - izo ndi mphatso makamaka kwa sayansi onse. Zaka zomalizira za moyo wa munthu wodzipereka kwa kuchirikiza ntchitoyi, amene anali kulenga padoko Alaska ntchito zida nyukiliya.

Mu moyo wake onse, ngwazi wathu anatchuka kwambiri osati monga wasayansi wamkulu ndi luso lapadera, koma monga munthu ndi khalidwe sizimadziwika. Mugone lotha anapatsidwa kwa iye ndi zovuta, monga zambiri zimachitika ndi anthu aluso. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti ndi zinachitika kwa mbali yaikulu ku kanema "Dr. Strangelove," limene linatuluka mu 1964.