Kodi ndi pamene yamalamulo ku England anachokera kuti? Mbiri ya zikamera wa British yamalamulo

Yamalamulo - ulamuliro wamba masankho mu dziko demokalase. N'kutheka kuti mayina osiyanasiyana. Latsopano la Russia kuganiza ku Israel - ndi Knesset, mu Germany - ndi Bundestag. Mbiri ya ulamuliro zimenezi zinachitika m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi malamulo mbiri. Pa chitsanzo cha boma British adzayesa ndikuuzani inu kumene ndi pamene Nyumba ya Malamulo England anaonekera.

kulemba

Kuthekera kutsatira kubadwa kwa poyela British pa chilumba unkagwiritsidwa kuyambira nthawi imene mthunzi wa malo a magulu a asilikali achiroma. Magawo a statehood zinawatengera kwambiri, ndi ufumu - ofooka. chitukuko Urban kwachititsa kubadwa kwa kalasi watsopano - ndi bourgeoisie, amene modera zofuna zake, pamodzi ndi nzika lalikulu pa mlingo boma.

Za m'masiku a ena zigawo English anali kuperekedwa umboni kuti sheriffs malo awa anatumizidwa kuti ndikulangizeni wolemekezeka Ankhondo mafumu okhudza misonkho ndi zinthu zina ndalama. Mfumu, ndithudi, sayenera lingaliro la Ankhondo ndi nzika pa nkhani imeneyi, ndipo zimenezi akugwirizana kwathunthu ndi maganizo a Korona. Koma ndi maganizo a anthu ake anali akadali kuziganizira. Ndi zinthu izi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, pali nthumwi ikuluikulu, omwe ali ndi cholepheretsa zimakhudzanso njala mafumu awo - limati General wa France, Germany ndi Reichstag yamalamulo ya England. History British akusimba zikamera wa bungwe lino la mphamvu dzina la mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka nthawi imeneyo - Simon de A Montfort.

zokhumba achifumu

Aggravation pakati pa magulu atatu chigamulo cha England anafika pachimake kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIII. Mphamvu ya barons anali anazindikira monga mutu wa mwana England Yohane Mfumu Henry III. Iye anali ofooka ndi wamantha mfumu amene anali nthawi zonse muulamuliro wamunthu. Razdarivaya malo ndi chuma alendo, anachititsa chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa mwa anthu. Komanso, zokhumba za banja lake, Henry ankati amachita nkhondo korona wa Sicily, chimene chinali chofunikira kwa iye mwana wamwamuna. Nkhondo, iye anapempha magawo atatu a ndalama za dziko.

The yamalamulo choyamba mu England pa nthawi imeneyo sichinapangidwe, kotero mfumu, palibe munthu anakhoza ndi kukana olimba ndi wololera. Ochokera za m'masiku a nthawi kunena kuti barons anali anakwiya ndi wokwera zilakolako mfumu yekha, kuti iwo ndi "akamaganizira wanga." Tinali kukhwimitsa kwambiri.

oopsya malangizo

Pa funso liti ndiponso pamene yamalamulo ku England, yankho akhoza zopezera m'masiku akale, ambiri mwa amene akusonkhanitsa fumbi miyala ya malaibulale onse. Angapezeke akutchula za chochitika chimene chinachitika mu Oxford mu 1258. Ndiye barons, anakwiya mwankhanza a mfumu awo, lachifumu bungwe anasonkhana mumzinda uno. Mu nkhani ya iye anapita pansi pa dzina "oopsya (aukali) malangizo." Malinga ndi chigamulo cha barons, mphamvu ya alendo m'dziko anali ochepa, dziko ndi nyumba ankadutsa olemekezeka English, ndi zinthu zonse zofunika mfumu chofunika kukambirana ndi nzika ikuluikulu.

Knight ndi chosintha

Popeza akwaniritsa zokambirana kwa mfumu, barons, ndipo sanaganize kusamalira Ankhondo yosavuta ndi bourgeoisie. Dziko linaphulika kuukira. Kwambiri kwakukulu phiko la opandukawo kutsogoleredwa ndi Simoni De Montfort. Poyamba, asilikali a mfumu anagonjetsedwa, ndipo mfumu ndi mwana wake Edward anagwidwa. Montfort anabwera London ndipo anayamba kulamulira England.

ikuluikulu woimira

Montfort anazindikira kuti mphamvu zake ndi tilibe ndi ufulu, ndi osalimba kwambiri. Kuti adzalamulira dziko pa udindo wake, kunali koyenera kuti apambane thandizo zigawo zikuluzikulu za anthu. Montfort chisankho wakhala poyankha funso cholinga analengedwa ndi nyumba ya malamulo ya England. Izi makamaka kuthandizapo, kulandira jekeseni ndalama zonse, kulimbitsa ufumu m'munda.

Mu 1265, London akambirane msonkhano wa magulu atatu chuma cha akale England. Iwo inakumana ndi magnates wauzimu ndi boma, komanso oimira chivalry ndi bourgeoisie m'tawuni. Zinenero zosiyanasiyana a Ambuye wolemekezeka ndiye momwe patapita zaka zambiri, anali French ndi English wamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawu okha ndi osawuka ndi osema. Choncho, yamalamulo umatchedwa m'njira French. Muzu wa Mawu amenewa ndi French "parlo" kutanthauza "kulankhula".

Kutha kwa Montfort

Oukira kwambiri yaitali anasangalala mphatso za kunkhondo. Ndipo Montfort mwamsanga anataya mphamvu ndipo anaphedwa mu kumenyana ndi mbali ya Prince Edward. Mfumu Mphamvu nachiritsidwa, ndi kanthu pa zimene zinachitika chinapezeka.

msonkhano chisankho anasiya ulamuliro onse ngakhale pambuyo Montfort. Koma kumene ndi pamene Nyumba ya Malamulo England linaonekera zochitika izi - ndi nkhani ina.

London yamalamulo

Kudziwa ndi ulamuliro pa zinachitikira changa kukhulupirira kuti popanda thandizo la Ankhondo ndi m'tauni silidzakhala Lofewa kusamalira England. Ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa ya Malamulo Montfort ku England mu Ages Middle anakhala ndi kuchita zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, pofuna kupewa zina zipolowe, mu 1297 Mfumu Edward zinasaina lamulo, chimene palibe msonkho sangathe anayambitsa mu Ufumu popanda chilolezo cha nyumba yamalamulo ake.

yotsirizira inamangidwa pa mfundo za kugwilizana ndi mfundo za mgwirizano - potero anaika mfundo za chilungamo cha makono. Transparent mawu a zambiri pakati pa boma ndiponso olamulidwa achifumu amayenda kutsatira pangano zabwino ndi kuti, ndipo mbali inayo. Only mawonekedwe a msonkhano chisankho kuyambira pamenepo zasintha.

Nyumba ya Malamulo England anakonza

Monga ulamuliro ndi okhazikika England moyenerera yamalamulo ntchito ku Middle Ages, kuyambira 1265. Oimira anthu otchuka lotchedwa ndi atsogoleri apamwamba analandira dzina chikalata, kuzilola kuti kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito ya malamulo ndi kapepala ambiri zinalili Ankhondo yosavuta m'tauni.

Nyumba ya malamulo unakhazikitsidwa mu England, Tingaone mu boma ano British - patapita zaka 900 mu chipangizo cha ulamuliro pafupifupi chilichonse chasintha. Nyumba ya malamulo lonse lagawidwa zipinda ziwiri. The choyamba - Nyumba ya Ambuye - zikuphatikizapo ana a barons amene anali nawo "oopsya konsolo." Iwo oimira anthu otchuka lotchedwa ndi otchuka wauzimu. M'zaka za m'ma XIV, atsogoleri anasiya msonkhano yamalamulo, koma anabwerera ku mabungwe mabungwe wake. M'munsi nyumba - Nyumba ya Commons - zatenga wolowa a anthu amene kalelo anatumizidwa "pempho ambiri". Iwo ali ana a Ankhondo ndi nzika olemera. Panopa, akuluakulu a Nyumba ya Commons monga akuluakulu a anthu otchuka m'dera, umene anthu wamba wapatsa kuimira zofuna zawo mu likulu.

mphamvu kulamulira mwachindunji mphamvu andipatsa kutsogolera chitukuko cha m'dera wodzilamulira - ikuluikulu m'dera zinalengedwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu m'tawuni anali kumbuyo pa matabwa.

Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi bwino pamene ndi kumene nyumba ya malamulo ya England anaonekera. Takambirana mwatsatanetsatane momwe polojekitiyi anali pa dongosolo chisankho cha wodzilamulira mafumu English mu Ages Middle.