American pulogalamu "Apollo". Ndi anthu angati amene anayenda pa mwezi?

XX m'ma - nyengo yojambula anthu mu mlengalenga. Kupambana lake lalikulu anali zinakhazikitsa flights mu kanjira, munthu mu zingalowe, ndi chitukuko ya mwezi dziko lapansi - kwa Moon. The chododometsa kwagona Anthu anayamba kuiwala zopereka ndi pulogalamu American "Apollo" (1969-1972), kulola munthu kusamukira kupitirira dziko zathu, ndipo lero anthu ochepa kwambiri adzatha kuyankha funso la anthu angati amene anayenda pa mwezi.

Chigamulo kusintha dziko

Chaka chino m'pamene zaka 55 kuyambira mawu mbiri ya Pulezidenti Dzhona Kennedi pa chiyambi cha polojekiti pansi pa dzina "Apollo". Ilo linali yankho Yuriya Gagarina ndege ndi kwanthawi ofala United States mu kufufuza malo. The ntchito mwezi sanali kokha kuti tumphatumpha Mkhalidwe, kukondwerera sayansi ndi luso mphamvu ya dziko, komanso kusokoneza anthu ku nkhondo osatchuka ku Vietnam. Pali umboni zopelekedwa kuti Kennedy Nditaphunzira mfundo zachuma ndi sayansi funso mungathe NS Khrushchev kugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa la mayiko awiri kugwiritsa ntchito Maulendo mwezi, kuyesera kulenga ndi "danga mlatho" pakati pa mayiko awiri, koma anakana.

Lero tisadziwa pulogalamu ndalama US $ biliyoni 26. Izi ndi nthawi 10 kuposa mtengo wa chilengedwe cha bomba la atomiki. Koma Kennedy akadali anapanga kusankha zochita, kutsimikizira mwayi malire a munthu ndipo adalowa dzina lake mu mbiri ya chitukuko cha malo. Tsatirani funso pa za mmene anthu ambiri anayenda pa mwezi, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti inafalitsidwa kanjira 24 ndege, koma 12 okha anakwanitsa kusiya chizindikiro awo pamwamba pake. Ndi pamaso pa Launch woyamba unali wopambana anayi woyendetsa, pokonzekera chombo atatu amene anafa mu January 1967.

Adalira loyamba

"Apollo 11" anali spacecraft, kwa pamwamba mwezi woyamba bwino ulendo. adzayambira 16.07.1969, anasonyezedwa pa TV ku kuulutsa moyo. The masiku oyamba, pamene chombo chidali kanjira padziko Lapansi, anapitiriza tsiku kanema chakudya, kusonyeza amayembekezera kugwirizana ndi adalira izi. Captain Neil Armstrong, woyendetsa waukulu Maykl Kollinz, mwezi gawo woyendetsa Edwin Aldrin - oyendetsa odziwa, anali mu malo pa "Gemini" zombo, pa tsiku lachinayi anafika mwezi kanjira pambuyo injini wachitatu gawo.

Tsiku lotsatira awiri amene anapita mu gawo mwezi ndi pambuyo mphamvu machitidwe ake ndi undocking analowa kuchepetsa kanjira. Mbali ya ulendo uno chinali chifukwa chakuti pambuyo injini ankafika woyendetsa anakwanitsa kudziko gawo masekondi kwa mlingo kuweruza mafuta. Neil Armstrong ndi wochokera woyamba amene analandira chilolezo kupita ku mwezi. Iye anatsatira ndi Edwin (88 chaka anasintha dzina lake ndi Buzz Aldrin), chitani pa mwezi sacramenti achipembedzo.

Kukhala padziko penapake maola 2.5 (nthawi otsala unachitikira mu gawo), oyendetsa zitsanzo thanthwe anasonkhana, ndipo anapanga kanema zithunzi, July 24 bwinobwino anabwerera kwawo dziko lawo, ankafika pa lalikulu anapatsidwa.

Potengera bwino

Adalira woyamba anabwerera ku United States la ngwazi, ndi kale November 14 kukhazikitsa "Apollo-12" pansi pa ulamuliro wa wokayenda pamwezi ozindikira awiri danga ndege mkati mwa "Gemini" (1965, 1966). Dzenje Konrad ndi anzake (Alan nyemba ndi Richard Gordon) pa Launch ndi vuto nthenda kugwirizana ndi kunyanyala awiri mphezi. Pamaso pa anthu omwe analipo pa chiyambi cha pulezidenti Nixon zodabwitsa magetsi anatsitsidwa zingapo masensa, kuchititsa shutdown wa khungu mafuta. Adalira posachedwapa akonze zinthu.

Conrad ndi nyemba anali kucheza padziko mwezi kwa masiku awiri (zokolola yogwira anali maola 3.5). Pa ankafika malo iwo anakumana ndi mtambo wa fumbi ndipo anakwanitsa kufika "yoyeza-3", zopeleka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha sayansi. Chifukwa mavuto ndi kamera ya kanema sangathe kuchita moyo kanema mwachindunji kwa oyendetsa ndegeyo malo.

M'gulu mndandanda wa anthu amene ankabwera Moon

United States mu chimango cha "Apollo" pulogalamu anatumizidwa ku Earth 9 Maulendo Kanema. Kutera pa mwezi chombo anakwanitsa oyeretsa asanu. Iwo onse unali ndi anthu atatu, awiri a iwo kuziika mu gawo mwezi. Pambuyo kulephera wa April 1970, zokhudzana ndi ngozi pa bolodi "Apollo 13", akulephera kukwaniritsa ntchito zake, kutsatira ulendo bwino zinachitika mu February wa '71. Alan Shepard ndi Edgar Mitchell (by njira, iwo ankayenera kuti crewed 13 "Apollo"), osati anakwanitsa kuchita zinthu zatsopano zivomerezi, koma kawiri kupita m'mlengalenga.

Kwa masiku atatu ndi usiku anakhala padziko la ilili Devid Skott ndi Dzheyms Irvin, ophunzira za ulendo wotsatira (July 1971), ndipo Dzhon Yang ndi Charlz Dyuk (April 1972), anapanga ulendo wautali kwa Lunokhod. The gulu la "Apollo 17" kutha kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu mwezi. Yudzhin Sernan ndi Harrison Schmitt anapanga ndege lomaliza December 1972, ndi Cernan anakwanitsa tiwonana kuti paphale nthaka amangondikhwatchitsa pepalalo Maina mwana wamkazi. Kwa iye, iwo anali kuthawa wachiwiri kwa Kanema ya Dziko Lapansi, komanso zambiri zitatu za comrades wake. Koma kuyankha funso la anthu angati amene anayenda pa mwezi, tisaiwale kuti kamodzi aliyense wa iwo anagwira pamwamba mwezi.

Akamaliza pulogalamu "Apollo"

Lero Launch PAD (Cape Canaveral), a US Air Force, ndi kukhala mabwinja. Ngakhale kupitiriza kuyembekezera wa Launch za "Apollo", palibe kumayamba atatu wotsatira anali sadatsatire. Chifukwa chachikulu - mtengo waukulu, osati kubweretsa yojambula latsopano kufufuza malo. zilembo 12, zichoke pafupi-Earth danga, moyo naini kumanzere. moyo wawo akufanana moyo wa Hollywood nyenyezi. Onse a iwo posakhalitsa anasiya NASA, pafupifupi aiwala ndi nzika anzake. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ophunzira za ndege oyambirira apamwamba US mphoto (Congressional Zikho Gold), yekha makumi anai chikumbutso cha chiyambi.

Pa funso la anthu angati amene anayenda pa mwezi, ambiri lero amanena: "ayi." Iwo ndiwo amene kugawana "chiwembu chiphunzitso", amene anaonekera ndi dzanja kuwala kwa wolemba Bill casing, nkhani zenizeni za kuthawira mwezi. Kuteteza ulemu, 72 wazaka Buzz Aldrin pa kucha ukalamba wa mbama poyera mu nkhope ya mtolankhani wa, anakayikira wake. Mu 2009, United States anthu ndi Kanema zithunzi kutsimikizira kuda akatswiri padziko Lapansi ya Kanema wa.

Akamaliza pulogalamu ndi alibe mgwirizano umenewu mphamvu awiri danga chisoni kwambiri, chifukwa angathe kuchita ngati mlatho njira ya utumwi m'tsogolo Mars.