Amene anapereka Alaska America? Alaska anagulitsidwa kwa Catherine? mbiri Sales America Alaska

Alaska dera m'gawo lake ndi zitatu mu France. Sizoti ndi golide wa Klondike, komanso tungsten, pulatinamu, Mercury, molybdenum, malasha. Ndipo Chofunika, pali chitukuko cha madipoziti mafuta yaikulu, kufika matani makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zitatu miliyoni pa chaka. Izi peresenti makumi awiri okwana mafuta kupanga US. Yerekezerani Kuwait limapanga sikisite, ndi United Arab Emirates - matani mamiliyoni makumi asanu ndi awiri pa chaka.

m'nthawi ambiri molakwa kuti Alaska anagulitsidwa kwa Catherine II. Koma izi sizili choncho. Amenewa amanena kuti ndi kumlingo yafala pambuyo gulu nyimbo Lube "Musasewere mozungulira, America" pakati pa achinyamata. Lembali limati Mfumukazi alibe ufulu kuchita izi m'derali. Otuluka ichi, achinyamata si odziwa mbiri n'kugamula kuti, amene anapereka Alaska America.

malo Hrs

Lero, Alaska ndi yaikulu m'dera, forte naini US limati. Ichi ndi malo ozizira a dziko. Pa mbali chogwidwa ndi mabacteria Arctic ndi subarctic nyengo. Apa ponseponse - pa nyengo ankhanza, limodzi ndi mphepo yamphamvu ndi mkuntho wa chisanu. Kupatulapo ndi mbali yokhayo ya Pacific gombe, pamene nyengo ndi lochepa n'koyenera kuti anthu akhalemo.

Isanafike zogulitsa

mbiri Alaska a (pamaso kudutsa kwa United States) kumachititsanso ndi Russian Ufumu. Ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, dera a ulamuliro Russian. Sizikudziwika mmene nkhani yaitali zinayamba mu Alaska - ndi kuthetsa dziko lino ozizira ndi yovuta. Komabe, popeza kuti nthawi yakale kwambiri pakati pa Asia ndi North America, panali kugwirizana kotsimikizika, palibe chikaiko. Ndipo zinachitikadi pa a Bering Strait, lomwe linali ndi ayezi. Anthu masiku amenewo mosavuta anawoloka ku Africa wina ndi mzake. M'lifupi osachepera ya Bering Strait - makilomita eyite sikisi okha. Mtunda Izi akhoza kugonjetsa ndi sled galu alenje kenanso kapena anazolowera.

Pamene ayezi zaka itatha, anayamba nthawi ya kutentha. Ayezi amasungunuka, ndipo m'mphepete mwa mayiko mbisoweka akutali. Anthu ambiri amene kuli anthu Asia, sanayese n'komwe kusambira kudutsa achisanu padziko zosadziwika. Chotero, popeza lachitatu Zakachikwi BC, Alaska Indians chinayamba. mafuko awo mu chimene tsopano ndi California, anasamukira kumpoto, kutsatira Pacific gombe. Pang'ono ndi Amwenye anafika Aleutian Islands, kumene anakakhala.

Kukula kwa Russian Alaska

Pakali pano, Russian Ufumu anayamba kukuza malire mofulumira kum'mawa. Padakali pano, zombo za maiko a ku Ulaya zonse ndinawapanikiza nyanja ndi nyanja, kufunafuna malo madera atsopano, Russian katswiri Urals ndi Siberia, ndi Far East ndi dziko Far North. A Way lonse la anthu amphamvu ndi olimba mtima anapita ku makhoti osati madzi otentha ndipo ayezi mu chitsogozo cha kumpoto nkhanza. Atsogoleri otchuka ulendo anali Umuna Dezhnev ndi Fedot Popov, Vitus Bering ndi Alexei Chirikov. Zinali iwo amene 1732 anatsegula dziko dziko lonse kutukuka - kale, pamene Russia anapereka Alaska America. Chinaneneratu tsiku amati zovomerezeka.

Ndi chinthu chimodzi kutsegula, ndi zina - akonzekeretse dziko lapansi latsopano. Woyambirira midzi Russian mu Alaska, anaonekera yekha mu Mipingo ya m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Anthu a kusaka ndi malonda: ndi alenje anagwira ubweya zobala nyama ndi amalonda anagula iwo. Pang'onopang'ono padziko neobetovannaya anayamba mu gwero la phindu, ngati ubweya wapatali mu mibadwo yonse, anali wofanana ndi golide.

m'mphepete Loss

Poyamba, m'mayiko amenewa kumpoto, wolemera kwambiri ubweya, zokonda Russian poteteza. Koma patapita zaka zambiri, ndi chiwonongeko cha nkhandwe yomweyo ndipo otters, beavers ndi mink sanathe mpaka kalekale. Migodi tsitsi anagwera. Russian Klondike pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutaya phindu lake malonda. zinthu anali kukula chifukwa chakuti dziko lalikulu kuti mpaka kale pafupifupi katswiri. Ichi chinali kutsogolera, chifukwa poyamba chifukwa Russia wapereka Alaska America.

Kuyambira mmasate mochedwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu Mapu kuyambira kupanga maganizo Alaska - ndi m'mphepete kutaya. Komanso, mfumu inayamba afike pomvetsetsa kuti, kupatula mutu, dziko limeneli akhoza kena kalikonse. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe inayamba mbiri ya malonda a Alaska America. Industrialists ankakhulupirira kuti aganyali m'mayiko amenewa - misala kwathunthu, chifukwa iwo sangathe kulipira ngongole. anthu Russia kukhazikika mu chipululu ichi achisanu, makamaka chifukwa chakuti pali Siberia ndi Altai, ndi Far East, kumene nyengo bata kwambiri ndi dziko lachonde.

The zinthu zinali kale zovuta kukula Crimea nkhondo yomwe inayamba mu 1853, zomwe amawapopa kuchokera chikwama anthu ndalama zambiri. Komanso, mu 1855 anamwalira Nicholas, amene anakhala pa mpando wachifumu, Alexander II. Pa mfumu yatsopano anayang'ana ndi chiyembekezo. Anthu ankayembekezera kusintha latsopano. Koma kodi kusintha akutsatiridwa popanda ndalama?

muyaya

Pankhani amene anapereka Alaska America, pa zifukwa zina, ingokumbukirani Mfumukazi Catherine II. Ambiri amakhulupirira, ngakhale kuti iye amene anaika nako_kusaina kwake kwa lamulo pa kulanda "Russian America" mu Britain. Ananena kukambirana pachiyambi sanali kugulitsa, koma ndi pangano kwa zaka. Ngakhale nthano, kwathunthu kutsimikizira akugulitsa Alaska Catherine. Ngati Mfumukazi, posadziwa Russian chinenero chabwino, analamula mgwirizano munthu wodalirika. Yemweyo amasokonezeka ndi kalembedwe: m'malo umboni "imafalikira Alaska kwanthawizonse," munthu, palibe-kuika maganizo anapanga akuti: "kwapatsidwa kwa nthawizonse," zomwe zinatanthauza muyaya. Choncho yankho la funso lakuti: "Ndani anapereka America Alaska" - "Catherine!" Ndi cholakwika. Ali koma kukhala kwambiri kuphunzira zapitazi kwa dziko yace.

mbiri Alaska

Catherine II, malinga ndi nkhani boma kanthu ngati akuchita. Ngati zikugwera mu lendi sanafooke, ndipo ngakhale zambiri sizinachitike anagulitsa. Palibe prerequisites chifukwa ichi sichidachitika. Mbiri ya malonda a Alaska anayamba theka zaka zingapo, mu nthawi ya Alexander II. Izo zinali izi malamulo mfumu pa nthawi imene anayamba kutuluka mavuto ambiri amene njira chofunika promptness.

Kumene, mfumu iyi, amene anakwera pa mpando wachifumu, sizinayende anaganiza zogulitsa mayiko kumpoto. Panatenga zaka khumi nkhani zankhwima. Anagulitsa malo kwa boma nthawi zonse chinali chinthu chochititsa manyazi kwambiri. Ndipotu, umenewu ndi umboni wa kufooka kwa dziko, kulephera kwake bata m'gawo lake akuwayang'anira. Komabe, chuma Russian chofunika kwambiri ndalama. Ndipo pamene iwo satero - njira zonse zabwino.

Purchase ndi zogulitsa

Komabe, kufuula za izo mmodzi mu dziko lonse. N'chifukwa chiyani Russia anapereka Alaska America, wosakhwima ndi ndale, adafunsira njira nzeru. Mu 1866 ku Washington anabwera nthumwi ya Russian Imperial Court, amene anayamba kutsogolera zokambirana chinsinsi zogulitsa a m'mayiko kumpoto. Achimereka asonyeza complaisance, ngakhale nthawi ndikupeleka ndi iwo zinalephereka. Ndithudi, United States pafupifupi nkhondo yapachiweniweni anachita pakati pa South ndi North. Ndipo chifukwa chuma cha boma anali wotopa kwathunthu.

zaka khumi ndi nthawi pamene Russia anapereka Alaska America, ndi makasitomala ankatha kuitanitsa zina zisanu, koma Russian bwalo, molingana ndi azambiriyakale, chosowa ndalama ikutha. Choncho magulu onse anagwirizana pa $ miliyoni 7.2 wa golide ofanana. Ndipo ngakhale pa nthawi iyo inali ndalama labwino kwambiri, mwa mawu a zigawo zikuluzikulu panopa mazana awiri ndi miliyoni makumi asanu madola, koma aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi ndi funso la amene anapereka Alaska America, akuvomereza kuti madera kumpoto anali ofunika malamulo angapo zoopsa kwambiri.

Patapita chaka chimodzi,

Pambuyo pangano limene woimira Mapu anabwerera ku Russia. Patapita chaka pa dzina la munthu amene wakupatsani Alaska America - malo a Alexander II - izo anatumiza uthengawo mwachangu yolembedwa ndi Endryu Dzhonsona - Pulezidenti. Munali bizinezi: Russia vociferously, dziko lonse, anapereka kugulitsa Alaska. Koma pa uthengawo lapitalo Russian nthumwi atapita ku Washington sanamuzindikire aliyense. Kunapezeka kuti ndi America kuti anayambitsa ndikupeleka, koma osati Russia. Choncho zachinyengo anali atasunga mwa onsewo zamtendere ndi misonkhano ya ndale. Mu maso a dziko Russia sakanakhoza kusiya ulemu wake. Ndi zolembalemba malamulo chidachitika mu March 1867. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, "Russian Alaska" ali unatha. Iye anapatsidwa udindo wa ankawalamulira American. Pambuyo pake, anadzatchedwa wa chigawocho, ndipo mu 1959, dziko limeneli kumpoto forte naini US limati.

kulungamitsidwa

Lero, tikupeza amene anapereka Alaska America, mukhoza, kumene, kutsutsa ndi modzudzula Russian Mfumu Alexander II. Komabe, ngati inu timudziwe bwino zinthu Russian andale ndi azachuma kwambiri zaka zimenezo, izo ukuonekera chitsanzo chabwino chimatanthauza kumlingo kulungamitsa zochita zake.

Mu 1861, izo potsiriza anathetsa serfdom. Zikwi landlords anatsala popanda alimi, kutanthauza kuti kalasi ndithu anataya ndalama zawo gwero khola. Choncho, boma anayamba kulipidwa kuti anthu olemekezeka, amene anayenera mwanjira kuphimba zomvetsa a zachuma. Komabe, chuma ndalama ngati mamiliyoni ambiri rubles lachifumu. Ndiyeno Crimea nkhondo, ndipo kachiwiri ku cuma ca ndalama anatsanulira mu.

Zovuta kwa Russia

Kuti mwanjira reimburse, yachifumu unachitikira ndalama yaikulu kunja. maboma ena ndi amasangalala kupereka mu ngongole Russia, pambuyo pa zonse, kuti anali ambiri achilengedwe chuma. Ufumu walenga zinthu limene munthu aliyense ruble owonjezera anakhala chimwemwe, makamaka imene panalibe kulipira chidwi pa zolemba ngongole.

N'chifukwa chake kucha kugulitsa Alaska. Catherine - lalikulu Russian mfumukazi - kupewelatu zikondwelelo zimenezi ndi nkhani imeneyi. Ndipo mlandu izo zimapangitsa neza, kupatula okhawo boma anabwera apitirira zonse ndi kuwala dzanja lake.

Kulephera malonda

Alaska - m'dziko kumpoto, zonse am'mange ayezi wosatha. Iye sanali kubweretsa Russia khobiri limodzi. Ndipo ankadziwa bwino kwambiri padziko lonse. Ndipo kotero Mapu ankafuna kwambiri ndi kupeza wogula ichi achabechabe dera achisanu ozizira. Pafupi Alaska anali United States. Iwo ndipo adati Russia ali pangozi anu ndi kupanga tagwirizana. The Congress US, kapena kani, senators ambiri sizinayende mukuvomereza zimenezi kugula n'ngwokayikitsa. Kufunsa anayikidwa voti. Chifukwa, oposa theka la senators a m'gulu anavota mokutsutsani kupeza: maganizo boma Russian, kodi si kudzutsa aliyense pakati America. Ndipo onse a dziko ndikupeleka izi asonyeza mphwayi mtheradi.

zotsatira

zogulitsa A wa Alaska ndi chiyani amaona mu Russia. Manyuzipepala analemba za izo pa tsamba womaliza. Ena Russian ndipo sankadziwa kuti alipo. Ngakhale okha mtsogolomo, pamene ozizira kumpoto m'dziko wolemera mu nkhokwe za golide apezeka padziko lonse mopikisana kukhala ananenedwa ngati Alaska, ndi kugulitsa ankanyoza opusa ndi waufupi woona Russian mfumu.

The kwambiri ndale ndalama zosavomerezeka subjunctive. Palibe amene anadzakhala Alexander Wachiwiri chirema, Sananenepo kuti Alaska akhale ngati chachikulu madipoziti zagolide. Koma tikawonetsetsa ndi kulingalira mozama ndikupeleka kuti si malo zatsopano ndiponso kuchita zinthu 1867, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mfumu Russian anachita mwamtheradi molondola. Makamaka Sale Alaska Catherine - chidali chifuniro umo_mosangalala, alibe pansi m'munsi a.

Pomaliza

Onse m'mayiko onse akale "Russian America" anali kutulutsa matani chikwi cha golide. Ena mwa ichi fabulously wolemera, ndipo ena anataika muyaya m'chipululu chipale chofewa. Lero, America ndi inert kwambiri ndi chosinkhasinkha amamasulira lokhalamo kumalire surly. Mu Alaska, pali pafupifupi palibe misewu. Mpaka midzi ochepa a anthu kupeza kaya ndi mpweya kapena madzi. Njanji akuthamanga kuno ku mizinda isanu chabe. Okwana anthu zikwi mazana asanu mu boma.