The agrarian zisinthe - kuti ... ulimi agrarian mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi

Agriculture - nthambi yofunika kwambiri chuma cha dziko. Iwo anapereka chiwerengero ndi chakudya chofunikira, komanso amasonyeza msinkhu wonse wa patsogolo sayansi ya dziko, kungolandira zomwe yabwino ya sayansi. M'nkhaniyi, tiona zomwe ndi ulimi agrarian ndipo kodi zinthu zofunika chibadidwe izo. Komanso, mudzadziwa kuti anali angati mu mbiri ya chitukuko chathu.

Kukwera agrarian - ziri ...

Iwo likukhalira kuti zisinthe awo mmene ulimi. Ndipo chofunikira awo wosiyana kusintha zimene zimachitika pa moyo ndiponso ndale za anthu.

The agrarian zisinthe - osakaniza kusintha mofulumira ndi kwakuya chikuchitika mu gawo la ulimi. Komanso, zodabwitsazi kawirikawiri kunena kuti zisinthe agrarian. Kuyenera anatsindika kuti kusintha ngati amakhala zolimba kwambiri chimango nthawi.

The chikhalidwe chachikulu cha ulimi agrarian ndi kukhazikitsa m'khola asapita capitalist kupanga. Komanso, inu mukhoza kusankha zina (zinthu) za ulimi agrarian. Pakati pawo:

• kusintha kupanga chinthu;
• kuphatikiza mabizinesi akumidzi ndi kuwonongedwa kwa minda yaing'ono;
• ndende m'dziko kuchokera mumzinda waukulu;
• zikamera ntchito malipiro;
• kuwonjezera voliyumu ya ulimi;
• kukhazikitsa reclamation ndi zinthu zina;
• chitukuko cha mitundu yatsopano mbewu ndi Mitundu nyama ndi makhalidwe abwino zipatso;
• kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano ndi zamakono.

Pakuti ulimi agrarian nthawi zonse khalidwe intensification wa zaulimi. Mawu amenewa amanena za kuwonjezeka chomaliza mankhwala si likuvutika kukula m'dera la dziko kapena ziweto, koma likuvutika wamakono zako zonse, kumayambiriro zomwe atsopano a sayansi mu ntchito ulimi.

Kukwera agrarian mu mbiri

Ndithudi, kuti aliyense zisinthe agrarian ali mbali yake yeniyeni, malinga ndi nthawi imene zinachitika. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale kudziwa anayi zisinthe:

• Neolithic (zinachitika zaka 10,000 zapitazo);
• Chisilamu (X c);
• British (XVIII m'ma);
• "Green" Kukwera (m'zaka makumi awiri).

Neolithic agrarian zisinthe - ndi zomwe limodzi kusintha kwa foraging kwa mbewu anthu, kuchokera kusaka kuti ulimi nyama. Iwo anali pa nthawi iyi pali choyamba nakulitsa mitundu ya tirigu, balere, mpunga. Mu nthawi yomweyo panali zoyesayesa woyamba kuweta nyama zakutchire. Asayansi mpaka atachira seveni matawuni akuluakulu a chiyambi cha zomera nakulitsa, mwa amene Middle East chionekera.

Arab ulimi utasintha - kusintha lofunika mu gawo agrarian wa Arab Caliphate, amene anali limodzi ndi chitukuko wamphamvu wa sayansi ndi zemlevedcheskih. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti mu nthawi iyi ya kudalirana pali mbewu yogwira kiyi.

British agrarian zisinthe kunayamba m'ma XVIII. Akatswiri ena monga item osiyana ndi kuonetsetsa kwambiri Scottish agrarian kusintha uku, umene unachitika pa nthawi yomweyo. British utasintha ankasiyana yogwira oyamba umisiri watsopano, kupanga feteleza, ndi zina zotero. D. Iye anali kugwirizana ndi otchedwa zisinthe sayansi ndi luso.

"Green" utasintha

Otsiriza a zisinthe ulimi unayamba pafupifupi pakati pa zaka mazana makumi awiri. mbali yake yaikulu monga ntchito yogwira feteleza ndi mankhwala, kupanga mitundu yatsopano mbewu ndi kuyambitsa zamakono.

Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa Kankhani izi ulimi agrarian kukula mofulumira alionse padziko lonse. Motero, cha m'ma otsiriza chawonjezereka kufunika kwa chakudya, makamaka m'mayiko osauka, kumene "wobiriwira zisinthe" ambiri kutchulidwa (Mexico, India, Colombia). Pa nthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito yogwira feteleza ndi mankhwala, ndi chikwiyire ena mavuto a zachilengedwe. The aakulu kwambiri a iwo - izi ndi chonde m'nthaka kuipitsidwa.

Pomaliza ...

Pamene mbiri ikusonyeza, palibe njira anthu amene sadzapita bwino. Ndipo ulimi pankhaniyi - yotero. ntchito imeneyi zachitika mu leaps ndi malire, ndi kusintha mosayembekezeka ndi chidwi pa ulimi lotchedwa agrarian kusintha zinthu.