Dmitri Mendeleev: chidwi mfundo ku moyo wasayansi Russian

Lamulo nthawi ya zinthu mankhwala - anthu anatulukira zofunika, limene nthawi analowa mbiri ya Dmitri Mendeleev. Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa wasayansi kulola kuti mudziwe zambiri za munthu ichi, kudutsa zinsinsi zake. Kodi amadziwika za iye popanda zimene chopereka chachikulu chimene iye wapereka kuti chitukuko cha sayansi?

Mendeleev: chidwi mfundo

Great sayansi anabadwa mu Tobolsk, izo zinachitika mu February 1834. Kumene, chidwi kwambiri chimene banja anabadwa wotchedwa Dmitry Mendeleev. Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa munthu wotchuka wa sayansi ukuonetsa kuti amachokera m'banja lalikulu, anali mwana chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri cha makolo ake. Mwatsoka, ana asanu ndi atatu anamwalira ali ndi zaka pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, koma zina anapulumuka.

Wotchedwa Dmitry analibiretu nthawi kukondwerera tsiku lobadwa chakhumi ndi chitatu, pamene banja anataya breadwinner ake. Bambo, amene ankagwira ntchito mkulu wa Tobolsk zolimbitsa thupi, anafa ndi matenda aakulu. mayi Mendeleev anayenera ntchito kulera ana pa mapazi awo. Zinali iye amene anamusamalira kuti wasayansi wamkulu lotsatira anakhala wophunzira wa Main Pedagogical Institute, yomwe kenako anadzatchedwa Woyera Petersburg State University.

Kuyambira otayika - medalist ndi

N'zosadabwitsa kuti pamene kuphunzira ku sekondale si anatambasula chidziwitso cha Dmitri Mendeleev. Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wasayansi, ndipo fotokozerani za sukulu kusukulu. Amadziwika kuti kovuta kwambiri kwa iye anapatsidwa lamulo la Mulungu, ndi Latin, kodi si chifukwa chidwi kwambiri ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi.

Watetezanso zomwe Mendeleev anali ndi mavuto ndi kuphunzira ndi nthawi imene iye anali wophunzira pa Main Pedagogical Institute. Amadziwika ngakhale kuti wasayansi kamodzi wanzeru anali pakati repeaters monga analandira zizindikiro osagwira mu maphunziro ambiri. Ndiyeno iye anali lowopsya masamu yekha. Koma m'kupita kwa iye anali ndi ludzu la chidziwitso, iye anali nawo kafukufukuyu, mlingo akupeza bwino, kotero kuti Mendulo golide linapereka kwa iye pa kumasulidwa.

mphunzitsi wotsutsa

Osati kokha wasayansi kwambiri, komanso mphunzitsi wabwino anali Dmitri Mendeleev. Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa namatetule wa iwo amanena kuti iye anali ndi mwayi kuphunzitsa pa sukulu zingapo mkulu. Zaka pafupifupi 30 atenga sayansi ntchito pa Imperial St. Petersburg University, amene imbuluke anapanga nkhondo zosasangalatsa.

Chikhalidwe cha zounikira za sayansi zinali zovuta zokwanira, ngati inu mukukhulupirira Maulendo a m'nthawi. N'zosadabwitsa kuti atula pansi yunivesite ku 1890. Amadziwika kuti izi zinachitika chifukwa cha kukangana Nduna ya Maphunziro. Minister Delianov samagwirizana kulabadira pempho ophunzira, kodi suli onyada Mendeleev.

"Zatsopano" a vodika

Asayansi ambiri amatamanda anatulukira kuti iwo anali n'komwe. Osati anakwanitsa kupewa tsoka ili ndi Mendeleev Dmitriy Ivanovich, chidwi zokhudza moyo umene apatsidwa m'nkhani ino. Panali ambiri amanena kuti izi Scientist lopambana ndi amene anayambitsa mowa wamphamvu.

Ndipotu mowa wamphamvu analengedwa kale wasayansi wanzeru anapereka nkhani yolembedwa wake digirii, amene anali lotchedwa "Nkhani pa kugwirizana madzi ndi mowa." Amadziwika kuti lilibe maumboni aliyense kuti mowa. Mu pepala ili tikulingalira katundu kuti chisakanizo cha madzi ndi mowa. Mowa wamphamvu kuchuluka Russia anakumana mu 1843, pamene ake ankaimbidwa "zatsopano" zaka simudafikire zaka khumi. Choncho, palibe Mendeleev izo alibe.

maloto M'maganizo

Kodi luso munthu kudzakhala tebulo kuti wamupatsa otchuka? maloto aulosi sindinamuwonepo Mendeleev Dmitriy Ivanovich, chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa amene anasonkhana m'nkhani ino. Amadziwika kuti wasayansi ndi wakhumudwa pamene iye anamva nthano zimene tebulo nthawi ya nyengo analota. Iye anati iye anali akugwira ntchito pa chitukuko kwa pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri, osati ndinalota Choncho, mawu amenewa zimamutchipitsa ntchito yake.

Amadziwika kuti chilamulo nthawi anatulukira mwa wotchedwa Dmitry mu February 1869. Izo zinachitika pamene sayansi wolemekezeka anali kupita kukachita bizinesi. Zinali ndiye kuti Ndinazindikiranso kuti pakati pa katundu mankhwala ndi misa pali kugwirizana. Anakonza ulendo anayenera kudzachitike, monga Mendeleev anapita kukagwira ntchito ndi mutu wake.

zachilendo chizolowezi

Kodi ena mfundo chidwi ndi moyo wa Mendeleev? Mwachidule, ndi ofunika kuwauza za chizolowezi zodabwitsa, limene kwa zaka zambiri anathera nthawi yambiri, waluntha sayansi. Wotchedwa Dmitry chilakolako, amene lero pang'ono amadziwika, anali kupanga katundu. N'zosadabwitsa mu Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, anatha ndi mbiri yoti masutikesi kwambiri mbuye Affairs.

Ndithudi, amalonda okondwa kuti wapeza matumba wasayansi, onyada kuti zinthu anagulidwa pafupi ndi nyale ya sayansi. Komabe, osati ulemerero, lomwe kale anasangalala wotchedwa Dmitry, akhaapatisa kwa iye. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zinthu analidi lalitali khalidwe ndi cholimba. mphamvu zawo kukwapula anali anaonetsetsa ndi wapadera zomatira osakaniza, imene namatetule anasiya pambuyo kafukufuku wina chilengedwe zomatira Chinsinsi. Mwatsoka, Chinsinsi anausankha Mendeleev, ndi kukhala chinsinsi kalekale m'mibadwo yanu, popeza sanafune kuti anafalitsa.

Tikudziwanso kuti luso wasayansi ndi zosangalatsa ankachita nawo buku omangidwa, ndipo anasangalala kumata chimango ndi, anafuna zithunzi. Masewera chinamuthandiza kuti asangalale ndi kutenga kupuma ku ntchito.

The mphoto, amene sanali

chachilendo kwambiri kuti Nobel Prize sanathe kukhala Di Mendeleev, mfundo zosangalatsa za moyo amene amasonyeza ife. Anapeza kuti sayansi kwambiri, anali mmodzi wa nominees atatu. Komabe, molemekeza chinsinsi zomwe zinachitikadi ndi mamembala a Imperial Academy of Sciences, candidacy wake nthawi zonse likumira, wasayansi asankha yekha ndi alendo.

Biographers kugwiritsa ntchito ya zamankhwala yotchuka, musawerengere kusamvetsa uku ndi zokhota adani, komanso kulephera kukondweretsa mabwana ake mu ulamuliro.

Zouluka pa zibaluni

Kodi zina zosangalatsa za moyo ndi ntchito ya Mendeleyev? Amadziwika kuti wasayansi wanzeru ntchito pa ndondomeko ya ndege kwa zaka zambiri. Zamankhwala ankafunila Choncho tione chinyezi, kuthamanga ndi kutentha zigawo chapamwamba mumlengalenga. stratospheric zibaluni ntchito, amene buku totaled 3,600 kiyubiki mamita, zinalengedwa ndi Dimitri mu 1875. Iye alinso wolemba lingaliro la ankalamulira zibaluni ndi injini.

N'zochititsa chidwi asayansi osati kukhala ntchito komanso osangalala kuuluka pa balloons, popanda kuganizira za kuopsa kwa moyo wake. Kwa nthawi yoyamba izi zinachitika mu 1878, zinali ndiye kuti Mendeleev anatenga mpweya mu zibaluni Anri Zhiffara. The ndege yatsopano, anapanga zaka zisanu ndi zinayi pambuyo mu mzinda wa Klina. Komabe, mu poipa kwambiri ulendo sayansi anaganiza mu 1887, pamene nokha ndinakwera ku "Russian" mpweya zibaluni otentha mu mlengalenga. Amadziwika kuti msinkhu wa ndege mpira anali mamita pamene zikwi zitatu.

Ambiri, ulendo woopsa anatenga maola atatu, zomwe zinali zokwanira wotchedwa Dmitry amasirira okwana kadamsana, ndipo zinalembedwa kuthamanga ndi kutentha.

Scientist-kazitape ndi opanda utsi ufa

Kodi aliyense ayenera kudziwa owerenga amene anatenga kwa yonena za Mendeleev, mfundo chidwi pa moyo wa sayansi wanzeru, amene dzina lake ndi kwanthawizonse okhala mu mbiri ya sayansi? anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti wotchedwa Dmitry nawo mwayi kuyesera pa udindo wa mafakitale ndi kazitape. Izo zinachitika mu 1890 pamene akuluakulu anasanduka wasayansi atithandize. boma linali chidwi Chinsinsi chobisika chilengedwe cha opanda utsi ufa, chomwe mtengo kwambiri kuti tikhale nacho.

Mendeleev anayamba kugwira ntchito analandira, zimene anafunika malipoti njanji m'mayiko (France, Germany, Britain). Aluso sayansi sikunali kovuta kudziŵa Chinsinsi cha onga, ndiye iye ananena kwa Russia. Lowopsya kuti mwazibisa alendo wotchedwa Dmitry zambiri mosavuta kuwapeza malipoti, amene chaulere.

The payipi kwa ikukoka mafuta

Kumene, mndandanda pamwamba ali kutali ndi mfundo zonse chidwi za Mendeleev - anayambitsa luso la tebulo nthawi. Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti sayansi ndi woyambitsa wa chiphunzitso cha zochita kupanga chiyambi cha mafuta. Wotchedwa Dmitry anayamba kupanga chiwembu cha distillation ake fractional. Wasayansi anali munthu woyamba amene anazindikira kuti n'zosatheka kuwotcha mafuta mu ng'anjo.

Ndi kupyolera mu ntchito ya Mendeleev eni makampani mafuta taphunzira kwa mayendedwe a akasinja mafuta adzakhala ntchito m'malo zikopa, monga chinali chizolowezi. Izi kanjedza kuyenera wotchedwa Dmitry zotheka kuti atsimikizire bwino phindu zambiri zoyendera mafuta. Komanso tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kumanga zomera pokonza izo apo, ali malo kumwa mankhwala mafuta.

Chemical mchitidwe dzina lake

10 chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Mendeleyev angapezeke pamwamba. Komabe mndandanda siikanati wathunthu popanda kutchulanso mendelevium. Chemical amafotokozera mu tebulo nthawi ili ku No. 101, analandira dzina kulemekeza Mlengi wake, amene mpake anapambana ulemu uwu. Mendelevium anali chongopeka analenga mu 1955.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngakhale chitukuko cha boma lake nthawi ya Sayansi allocated maselo kanthu kuti umasungidwa kwa iwo zinthu anali zapezeka ndi asayansi. Kenako, mankhwala ndi thupi katundu wa zinthu izi anatsimikiza ntchito tebulo periodicity.

Kodi china chimene muyenera kudziwa

Kukhala ndi lingaliro la zimene zinachitika pa moyo wa wasayansi, mungamvetse munthu wotani anali Dmitri Mendeleev. Chidwi mfundo, mwachidule anafotokoza m'nkhani, onetsetsani kuti akuthandizeni kumvetsa izi. Inu mukhoza kuwonjezera ndi kuti chithunzi cha wasayansi wotchuka linalembedwa ndi ojambula zithunzi zambiri luso. Mwachitsanzo, fano lake okhala pa lona namatetule Ilya Repin.

Ndipotu ina chidwi n'chakuti pachithunzipa ankakonda yekha Mendeleev, koma ankakonda kutsutsa chithunzi wina, koma musati kulemba zawo. Komanso, ena mwa nthawi free, ndi luso sayansi nyimbo maphunziro, makamaka ntchito yake anamusilira wa Beethoven Komabe, anali naye Oimba ena amakonda.