Stanyukovich Konstantin Mihaylovich: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Mu mabuku Russian, dzinali inextricably zogwirizana ndi mtundu wanyimbo marinistiki. Yakhala pafupifupi achabe amanena kuti luso Russian ali awiri chosaneneka woimba wa zinthu nyanja, ofanana talente: penti - Ivan Aivazovsky, mabuku - Stanyukovich. Konstantin anachokera mtundu wa panyanja cholowa. Zingaoneke, kodi iye kulemba, iye bwinobwino anayamba ntchito yake kapitawo panyanja, pamene anamva kufuna ntchito zolembalemba? Nthawiyi, nkhani yake yaikulu, anapeza osati nthawi imodzi.

mwana wa asilikali

Iye anabadwa mu 1843 mu mzinda, kusonyeza ulemerero panyanja ya Russia - mu Sevastopol. Atate - asilikali Mihail Nikolaevich Stanyukovich - anatumikira monga kazembe ankhondo ndi commandant wa doko lankhondo la Sevastopol. "Zoopsa, asilikali," monga anamutcha kenako mwana wolemba, ankaona yabwino m'madzi malonda utumiki munthu, anasiyiratu lamulo la asilikali - njira bwino za bungwe moyo, oyenera mabanja. Mbeu ya lakale wolemekezeka Polish-Chilituyaniya banja Stankovichey, anali ngati chitsulo ndi anthu ena amphamvu. choncho m'madzi anali wakale banja mwambo: ngakhale mkazi wake Lubov anali mwana wa msilikali panyanja.

Mafumu ayenera anapitiriza - ichi anakhutira asilikali Stanyukovich. Konstantin, wakale ubwana wochangamuka ndiponso sachedwa witted mwana, anakhala chikutanthauza chiyembekezo chachikulu cha bambo wake. Iye anakonza dongosolo lomenyera koyamba kwa mwana, anamukankhira monga Mlangizi Mphunzitsi bwino ophunzira anachokera Petersburg anzeru Ippolit Matveyevich Debu. Iye anali kupita ku msonkhano ngati msilikali wamba, nditatha links. Link anali njira ina chilango cha imfa ngati Petrashevists (1949) - bwalo kaŵirikaŵiri Nazi wamng'ono kutsogoleredwa ndi Michael Butashevich-Petrashevsky kumene kucheza Debu pa makapu anali F. M. Dostoevsky. Debu osati kuuzira khumi chaka wophunzira ake maganizo ake kwakukulu, koma anam'phunzitsa kukoma mabuku abwino.

Zikho kwa Kuteteza Sevastopol

Mu 1853 ndinayamba Crimea nkhondo, amene wakhala chizindikiro cha mavuto Russia anapeza chikhalidwe kugwirizana ndi ndale wosadziŵa wa autocracy, tikhale ziyembekezo zigawo zapamwamba ya anthu kusintha, chikuyembekezeka ngakhale pambuyo mchigonjetso Nkhondo ya 1812. Ndiye zotsatira zake zidzakhala gulu chosintha cha 1860, lomwe sadzapulumuka chikoka ndi Stanyukovich. Konstantin adzakulira malingaliro zisinthe, koma pakali pano zaka 11, ndipo Iye amatiyang'ana akuyandikira Sevastopol asilikali Anglo-French.

Pa chitetezo cha mzindawo ndi Constantine ndi bambo wake ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito monga mthenga akukamba mankhwala ku siteshoni kuvala, etc. Ndi maso awo kuonera ungwazi ndi matsoka a Russian oyendetsa mzinda yobereka, amaona atsogoleri lodziwika bwino kwa chitetezo - .. Admirals Kornilov ndi Istomin. Pamene, pambuyo achoke patsinde anazinga ya Black Sea zombo mu 1856, iye m'gulu la St. Petersburg Corps wa Pages, akupsya kumeneko Mendulo "Mu chikumbukiro cha kum'mawa nkhondo" ndi "Pakuti chitetezo cha Sevastopol." Malinga ndi pempho la atate wake, amene kulota ntchito panyanja, mwana wake, mu 1857 anakhala cadet Stanyukovich sitima Corps.

Mapeto a ntchito ndi mkulu wa

Ndi 1860s oyambirira anali kale ndi kachilombo kumulakalaka chilengedwe mawu. Mu 1859 anafalitsa "North Flower" magazini ndi buku lake loyamba - ". Msilikali anapuma" ndakatulo Patapita chaka chimodzi, pakati Konstantin ndi bambo akuswa nkhondo, amene anayambitsa kuzizira azikondana amene adzatha patapita nthawi kusiyiratu. Mwana akulengeza maganizo ake kusamukira ku bungwe la anthu wamba - University of St. Petersburg, amene zikuchepa wotsutsana asilikali Stanyukovich. Konstantin Adzakakamizika kupita pa ulendo padziko lonse pa corvette "Kalevala", imene adalira iye chidzankhalira pa kuumirira kwa bambo wake mu chaka cha 1860.

Old yapamadzi chimayembekezera pa amphamvu nyanja mphepo mutu wa mwana wake Achotsa zinthu zosiyana, ndipo panyanja Stanyukovich mafumu adzapitiriza. Koma nawo Constantine mu zaka zitatu kuzungulira - chabe njira kuti apeze zinthu zatsopano ndi zokumana kwa kulemba ntchito yake. Ndipo wayamba kale: mu kope otchuka a "Maritime Collection" mabuku nkhani essays Stanyukovicha midshipman, ndi nthawi yopuma iye mwakhama analemba zidindo ake zimene anaona ndi kumva.

akapuma

Mu 1864, a midshipman Stanyukovich, kuswa chitsutso yogwira bambo ake, anachotsedwa pa apanyanja. Kuyambira moyo watsopano sizinali zophweka. Iye akuyamba mgwirizano yogwira ndi mabuku osiyanasiyana - "Mau", "Petersburg tsamba", "Alamu", etc. The "Nyanja zosonkhanitsira" lofalitsidwa nkhani ya Constantine Stanyukovicha "Mphepo" .. Koma posachedwapa kukwatira Lyubovi Nikolaevne Artseulovoy, ndiye kubadwa kwa mwana wake woyamba, ndi pamaso pa wolemba wamng'ono pali vuto woyenera thandizo wa banja. Kuchita zimenezi kangapo analowa utumiki m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana.

Mu dongosolo la kulenga kwa Stanyukovicha kufufuza akupitiriza kalembedwe ndi yaikulu. Pamene zidindo wake wa utumiki panyanja, lofalitsidwa ndi buku mu 1867 wotchedwa "Kuchokera kuzungulira", tinakakumana ndi chidwi, ndi zambiri zinapatsira ndi chilakolako kulemba pa mitu ndale komanso. Iye akumverera choonadi cha mfundo kufotokoza masterminds kupeza mphamvu yambiri kayendedwe chosintha, makamaka mapiko kwakukulu - Populism. nthawi imodzi ngakhale ntchito monga mphunzitsi ku sukulu ya pulayimale ya m'mudzi wina wa chigawocho kwa Murom.

Mkonzi wa magaziniyo "Delo"

Pang'ono ndi phunziro lathu nyanja chimazirara kukhala maziko. Kuyambira 1872 Stanyukovich akuyamba ntchito mwakhama "Business" magazini, ndipo kuyambira 1877 ali uliwonse guestroom nkhani yake ndi satires. Pakati pawo, "Makalata mlendo wolemekezeka" ndi "Zifanizo za cikhalidwe" omwe kutchuka Stanyukovich molimba wotsutsa moyo Russian pambuyo kukonza a 1861. Mofananamo, nkhani zoyenera ndi mabuku "Whirlpool" ndi "Abale awiri", lofalitsidwa mu 80s oyambirira.

Mu 1880 Stanyukovich anakhala co-mkonzi wa "Milandu", ndipo patatha zaka zitatu - mkonzi wake wamkulu. Iye kale kulemera zina ndi ulamuliro pakati pa mbali ya kusintha chosintha, ndi maulamuliro lovomerezeka ndi apolisi amafotokozedwa kuti "odana ndi boma umunthu mindset".

Kumangidwa ndi ukapolo

Mu 80s oyambirira wolemba mobwerezabwereza kupita kudziko lina chifukwa matenda mwana wamkulu. Pali wakumana ndi gulu la kwawo ndale ku Russia, kuphatikizapo phiko kwambiri kwakukulu, zimene zinaphatikizapo Anthu - ophunzira mwachindunji ndi okonza zigawenga ndi akuluakulu otchuka tsarist - S. Kravchinskii, V. Zasulich.

Sizikanakhala zinaonedwa ndi apolisi, makamaka kuphedwa pofuna March 1, 1881 Alexander Wachiwiri, ndipo mu April 1884 Stanyukovich anamangidwa ndipo anaikidwa mu casemates a linga la. Izo zinachitika pa kubwerera wolemba kuchokera kunja, ndithu mwadzidzidzi ndi banja kwa nthawi yaitali sankadziwa wa kumene iye anali. Umayamba anafufuza yaitali, imene inatha okha patapita chaka.

kubadwanso mwatsopano

Mu 1885, wolemba ku Siberia zaka zitatu kukaonekera kupolisi ndipo anakakhala Tomsk. Apa ndipo padali kubadwa kwenikweni lalikulu analemba seascape. Amaigwira mwakhama, amalenga ndi ntchito za mmene moyo Siberia, koma mfundo yaikulu ya mabuku ake ndi nkhani yochepa akukhala moyo wa a panyanjawa.

Pali katswiri wake wotchuka kuchokera pa mndandanda wa "Nyanja Nkhani" :. "! Man m'nyanja," "Pa mwala", "Kuthawa", etc. Owerenga ndi otsutsa mwapang'onopang'ono dziwani kuti prose Stanyukovicha chidwi m'madzi osati chibwenzi mzimu molondola ndiponso kudalirika mu kwambiri mbali yaing'ono, komanso anthu, chilakolako cha chilungamo, chidwi kwa anthu wamba.

"Sikuti iye anamva iye anali kukhala moyo m'madzi"

Atabwerako kuukapolo mu 1888 Stanyukovicha amafuna likulu wachangu phwando chifukwa cha kupambana loti "kupingasa nkhani nyanja". zosonkhanitsira wake kulankhula zabwino ndi akatswiri oyendetsa ndi olemba. Choyamba ngati anaonetsa bwino za moyo kovuta nyanja, chachiwiri - chinenero bwino ndi kulephera, n'zosadabwitsa zachilendo za chiwembu chimachititsanso. nkhani monga "Munthu m'nyanja!" "Pakati abwenzi", "Imfa Hawk" neri Al., anali kudziŵika kuti ndi lolondola khalidwe la anthu, ndi oona ankadziwika ndi zovuta za mavuto a m'moyo. Iwo ndi anthu enieni amene sali kwambiri amadalira chiyambi kapena maphunziro.

Zabwino ndemanga za nkhani Stanyukovicha anayikidwa mu mabuku a maganizo osiyanasiyana a ndale. "Limakhulupirira", "American duel," "Zoona anthu Russian" ndi ntchito zina anazindikira mwa Slavophiles, woyamikiridwa wapezeka mwa iwo kunyada mkulu khalidwe khalidwe la oyendetsa Russian. Kukoma mtima, kulimba mtima ndi khalidwe lako lotayirira la moyo wawo wonse anali magwero bwino m'dziko lawo iwo. "Jack Mitima", "M'mayiko akutali", monga ena, munali msinkhu wa mzimu zopanda konsekonse. Common anali maganizo a maphunziro ndi phindu maphunziro Stanyukovicha prose.

Anasiya ndi kukumbukira

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wolembayo anadzazidwa ndi khama, kulemekeza nawo owerenga chikondi, matenda ndi imfa ya okondedwa awo. Konstantin Mihaylovich Stanyukovich, amene yonena wakhala kumagwirizana kwa Russia kuchokera koyamba kwa mpweya ndipo anafa Naples mu 1903.

Iye si wanzeru wa Russian mabuku mlingo wa Tolstoy, Dostoevsky ndi Chekhov, koma osati atagonjetsa mwa nyanja mphepo Stanyukovicha prose, mabuku Russian za m'ma XIX kuti alibenso m'lifupi ndi kuchuluka. Ndipo mu nthawi yathu kuti ndinkalephera akulu ndi ana, nkhani ndi nkhani za kwambiri zojambulajambula m'madzi kuti mafilimu, ndipo lero iwo amachitcha nyanja ya amalinyero m'tsogolo.