Lydia Ginzburg: yochepa mbiri ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Ginzburg Lidiya Yakovlevna - lalikulu ndipo kwambiri zolembalemba wotsutsa ndi memoirist. chokumbukira ake anali maziko a nkhani zambiri mbiri za olemba ndi ndakatulo ya XX atumwi. mabuku ake kuti tiganize ndi kusonyeza, ndipo liwu lawo ndi akatswiri maganizo bwanji mtima ndi maganizo.

ubwana

Back mu 1902 ku banja la mabakiteriya wotchuka anabadwa Lidiya Yakovlevna Ginzburg, kanthawi yonena amene ali kunayambira ku mudzi wotukuka mwanyanja.

Odessa, ndi dalyu waukulu m'madzi komanso Aletsedwa amangokhala ali pikitipikiti anali kunyumba ya memoirist m'tsogolo. Apa anakhala makolo ake, m'bale, amalume, amene banja iye anaukitsidwa kwa zaka eyiti atamwalira bambo wake.

achinyamata

Pa khumi, iye sukulu ya sekondale ndipo anali kusankha kutsogolo kwake: njira ina yofunika kusankha? kuthera pa ubwana wawo ndi moyo wamtsogolo chiyani?

M'bale, ananamiza luso ed ndipo analenga zisudzo wake ankapenta, anam'pempha kuti kusewera pa mbali yake. Kuposa chaka Lydia Ginzburg anayesa yekha mu udindo wa zisudzo, kuwonekera ndi Arkadiem Pogodinym ndi Rina Green.

Koma kusewela luso anali unnaturally moyenera ndi phlegmatic chikhalidwe wamng'ono Lydia, ngakhale kuti anali makings koyenera kukhala wotchuka zisudzo.

Chiyambi cha ntchito ya sayansi

Mu 1922, pambuyo kukayika kwambiri ndi mukukayikira mu Petrograd anasamukira Lydia Ginzburg, mbiri ndi ntchito zimene tsopano kutenga njira ina yatsopano.

Mtsikana amapita ku Institute of History of Art pa luso chabe. Patatha zaka zinayi, atamaliza maphunziro ake, kasamalidwe masamba mu sukulu iyi ndi ayika ndodo kafukufuku.

Popeza 1926, mnyamata maphunziro wophunzira anayamba kugwira ntchito yake yoyamba sayansi m'munda wa mabuku ndi chinenero luso. ntchito zake oyambirira ndi "Russian zamawonekedwe" - Society Phunziro la chinenero ndakatulo ya chiphunzitso, komanso pafupi ndi mabuku ndi luso avant-garde - kuyesera mfundo zatsopano, ndi zosabvuta pazipita chinthu akusonyezera. Tinakonza kufalitsa ntchito Lidii Ginzburg mu zopereka za "Radix" ndi "Bath Archimedes".

An wasayansi wokhala wakhala akuphunzira zosiyanasiyana essays, Maulendo, zolemba, autobiographies, potero kulenga chiphunzitso wake "mabuku wapakatikati", kufunika ndi yaikulu masiku ano.

chitsutsocho

Nthawi ya 1920s mochedwa - oyambirira 1930s amakhala ndi kuukira aakulu pa ziphunzitso za "sukulu" ndi maulamuliro, ndipo kenako nkhanza nkhanza za otsatira mfundo imeneyi.

Choncho, ndi lamulo la pamwamba Institute, kumene anakakhala Lydia Ginzburg, chinatsekedwa ndipo iye anali mtsikana kukakamizidwa kukhala lecturer zonse pa mkhalidwe wa ntchito. Mu 1933, Lydia Yakovlevna ngakhale anapulumuka iwiri m'ndende, amene Komabe, palibe mavuto aakulu.

Mapangidwe zilandiridwenso

Mu 1935, Ginzburg Lidiya Yakovlevna pasukulu kwa Writers 'Union, ndipo zaka zisanu pambuyo kumbuyo nkhani yolembedwa wake digirii pa University of Leningrad ndi zake ntchito kafukufuku "Creative njira Lermontov".

Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, mkazi naye mu Leningrad, anakumana kuzinga zoyipa mbiri, m'manda amayi ake omwe anamwalira ndi njala.

Onse zoopsa ndi zoopsa anatseka misewu Lydia Ginzburg zimaonekera Maulendo pambuyo pake, komanso mabuku, zochokera Maulendo wa anthu.

Ngakhale zotheka mantha munthu ndi zokumana nazo pa ntchito ya Lydia Yakovlevna anayesa kupindula dziko, anakakhala mkonzi wa Komiti ya Radio. mapulogalamu ake mantha ndi kutengerapo anaika lidzatha mu njala, anthu odwala amene zinapatsira ndi mzimu wakutemwa chenicheni komanso dziko lakwawo. Pakuti mtima osaneneka ndi kulimba Ginzburg Lidiya Yakovlevna anali kupereka n'kulandira mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Leningrad". Izi zinachitika m'chilimwe cha 1943.

Zilandiridwenso mu nthawi unawonongedwa

Koma chaka pambuyo pa mapeto a nkhondo yoopsayo, mkazi wolimba anabwera pansi kuchotsa maganizo monga "wosadalirika". Chifukwa cha ichi, sanathe kupeza ntchito pa University of Leningrad, anakakamizika kutenga malo a pulofesa mabuku pa Petrozavodsk. Ngati si kwa imfa Stalin, Lydia Ginsburg zingachitikenso pansi Nkhani m'khutu "mdani wa anthu" ndipo osati amachotsedwa ntchito kapena ufulu, komanso moyo.

Mu 1957, Lydia Y. anamasulidwa ndi monograph pa Herzen. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye ananena wokha osati monga asayansi mwapang'onopang'ono, komanso ngati philologist kwambiri maganizo a Soviet Union, limene likutengera kulemera choonadi zolembalemba komanso mwauzimu.

Kenako nkhani Ginsburg ndi zofunika pa ntchito mabuku monga "The prose maganizo", "Zokhudza lyrics," "Literature ndi kufunafuna zenizeni," "Pa okalamba ndi zatsopano."

"Mfundo za munthu anazinga"

Kuti nthawi yovuta kuti kotani ambiri mu mzinda wotanganidwa, kuwonetsedwa ntchito yake, Lydia Ginzburg - "Mfundo za munthu anazinga." Ganizo kulemba buku anabwera kwa iye osati kamodzi, koma kenaka, pamene anayamba kuganizira za mmene kukumbukira anthu masiku awo yaitali kuzinga Leningrad.

mankhwala sayendera ena wolemba kukumbukira. Musanayambe kupereka buku ofalitsa, Lydia Ginsburg anakhala nthawi yambiri akucheza ndi anthu anapulumuka anatseka misewu, izo kwambiri kuganizira njira yomwe m'pofunika kutchula izi kapena kuti yakuti m'pofunika pofotokoza kapena kuuza owerenga sazidziwa bwinobwino.

Ngakhale nkhaniyi ku nkhope ya munthu ndi Dzina lenileni la Ain, kamodzi zimaonekeratu kuti - wabwino chithunzi chofanana, ndi kuti mbali yaikulu ya buku lino ndi mkazi ndi likulu kalata.

Mkazi amene sakanakwanitsa njala ndi ozizira, amene adawona kufa okondedwa ake, ndipo anayesa kuthandiza iwo, ataima queues yaitali chakudya, ndi kumene moyo wa banja lonse asangalale.

Ngakhale mkazi uyu ali odwala ndi njala, ngakhale kuti pafupifupi chikomokere trudges kunyumba, iye - wopambana weniweni nkhondo miyoyo ya abale onse ndi dziko lonse.

Ndipo amene sanathe kunyamula akuvutika ndi kuwapha - iwonso opambana, monga ana awo atsala ndi chitsanzo cha n'kofunika kulimbana ndi m'mbuyo.

About nthawi ya anatseka misewu ndi zambiri zosiyanasiyana mabuku ndi ntchito zolembedwa ndi pakuona ndi azambiriyakale, ndipo asayansi ndale. Alimiwa, onse amasonyezera pa ntchito zotengeka ndi maganizo a anthu Kalanga Lydia Ginzburg wake. "Mfundo za munthu anazinga" zonse za kuwawa ndi kuvutika ndi njala ndi ozizira, koma usawope. Ichi ndi chifukwa mkazi wolimba anapulumuka onse akumana nazo sindinkasangalala mantha. Iye ndinkadziwa kuti inu tiyenera kugwira ndi chitsogolo, ziribe kanthu zomwe zimatengera.

Luso, omveka ndi zoona "Mfundo anazinga munthu" amasuliridwa ndi kufalitsidwa m'zinenero zambiri.

"Makope"

ntchito ina yofunika olembedwa ndi Ginsburg, ndi zake "makope". Ndi Maulendo ndi kukumbukira zochitika ndi anzawo mu moyo kwa wolemba ndi anthu padziko ake.

Lydia Yakovlevna unali wolumikizidwa bwino umunthu ambiri otchuka lodziwika bwino monga Mayakovsky, Akhmatova, Mandelstam. Iye anali ndi malingaliro lakuthwa ndi mphamvu wabwino chidwi, tikuyamba yowala kalembedwe munthu ndi kalembedwe zozama za kulongosola. Choncho, "makope" ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi kusangalatsa osati mabuku, komanso kwa anthu wamba.

Kuyambira masamba a kukumbukira Ginzburg mungapeze chomwe kwenikweni anali alakatuli wotchuka, analemba ndi olemba imene anali wosangalala, kuti iwo anagwidwa nthawi zina ...

Atazindikira mfundo zazing'ono, ndi kulowerera mu mitundu yonse ya subtleties, Lydia Y. amakakamiza owerenga kuyang'ana otchuka pa mbali udali kwa zaka zambiri zobisika kwa anthu.

Bukuli lili ndi kuwunika kwambiri ndi kusinkhasinkha zikuchitika, pa mabuku ndi luso lomwe kuganiza za zoonekeratu, onani maloprimetnoe, kupendanso maganizo ndi zikhulupiriro zawo.

nzeru zopindulitsa

Zopereka ndi Ginzburg mabuku Soviet, si limodzi lokha la umakumbukira ndi Maulendo.

Ophunzira ndi anzeru, kuti muzindikire zinthu zazing'ono ndipo akhoza msanga kumvetsa mfundo zazikulu za nkhaniyo, zoseketsa mosabisa - ndicho chimene anali wolemba zodabwitsa Lidiya Yakovlevna Ginzburg, zolemba ndi aphorisms kuti akadali amaonedwa zogwirizana ndi zothandiza.

Nawa ena mwa iwo:

• "Waukuluwo, kukhala wosasangalala chapafupi. Chimwemwe n'chimodzimodzi zonse ndi wokongola, zimakhala zovuta kuti."
• "Akale Wangwiro zaka - masoka ndi chiyanjano mphamvu inayamba."
• "Munthu chingafooketse chikhulupiriro mu mphamvu, n'zotheka kutsimikizira; munthu kuthetsa ndi dumbo munthu, akhoza mitigated yekha kunja poopa kuvulaza losagonjetseka ndi ololera.".

wolemba imfa

Wolemba Old zaka anali wosangalala ndi kulemekezedwa. Okalamba Lydia Ginzburg, zithunzi ndi kuyankhulana amene anaonekera mu periodicals zambiri, mabuku amene amapangidwa manambala kwambiri ndi kuwerenga amangokhalira anamwalira ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu akale, atazunguliridwa ndi aang'ono, kwambiri tsenivshimi olemba ake.

Aluso memoirist ankakhala moyo wautali ndi zovuta, koma yatanthauzo kwambiri ndi zabwino.