Ofufuza za buku "abambo ndi ana". Roman I. S. Turgeneva "abambo ndi ana" mu ndemanga, otsutsa

"Abambo ndi ana", nkhani ya chilengedwe yomwe amaonera mankhwala, "Rudin", lofalitsidwa mu 1855 - buku kuti Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev anabwerera kapangidwe ka izi woyamba wa chilengedwe chake.

Mofanana ndi iye, mu "abambo ndi ana" onse chingwe nkhani adasonkhana pakati limodzi, amene anapanga chithunzi cha Bazarov - plebeian Democrat. Iye ali uyitakase otsutsa onse ndi kuwerenga. Ambiri ndalemba otsutsa osiyanasiyana a buku "abambo ndi ana", kuyambira mankhwala wachititsa chidwi ndi mikangano. udindo Ofunika poyerekezera ndi buku ili, ife azipereka kwa inu m'nkhani ino.

Tanthauzo chithunzi Bazarova kumvetsa mankhwala

Bazarov sanali kokha likulu la chiwembu ntchito, komanso mabvuto. Kuyambira kumvetsa kwake kwa tsoka ndi abwino ankadalira kwakukulukulu ziyenera a mbali zonse Romana Turgeneva: udindo wolemba ka khalidwe, njira zosiyanasiyana luso ntchito ntchito, "abambo ndi ana". Malinga ndi mitu ya otsutsa ndi ankaona buku ndipo anaona kuti ndi kupindika latsopano mu ntchito za Ivan Sergeyevich, ngakhale anali womvetsa osiyana kwambiri tanthauzo la ntchito chikhomo.

Kodi ankawazazira Turgenev?

Ambivalence cha maganizo wolemba kwa ngwazi wake zinachititsa kuti anadzudzula ndi minyozo ya m'nthawi. Turgenev mwankhanza nkhanza kuchokera kumbali zonse. Ofufuza za buku "abambo ndi ana" analankhula makamaka negative. owerenga azinji hadakwanise kuvesa lingaliro la wolemba. Kuchokera Maulendo a Annenkov, ndi Ivan Sergeyevich, timaphunzira kuti MN Katkov anakwiya, kuwerenga mpukutu wa "Atate ndi Ana" ndi mutu. Wake ankadandaula chakuti protagonist ntchito ulamuliro wapamwamba ndipo sapezeka paliponse chanzeru kukana. Owerenga ndi otsutsa yotsutsa msasa komanso kwambiri anadzudzula Ivan Sergeyevich kuti mkangano zoweta, zomwe iye anali ndi Bazarov mu buku lake "abambo ndi ana". wokhutira anaiona osati kwathunthu demokalase.

Ambiri chidwi ndi nkhani ya MA mwa kutanthauzira zina zambiri Antonovich, lofalitsidwa mu "Contemporary" ( "Asmodeus nthawi wathu"), komanso nambala ya nkhani zimene anaonekera mu magazini "Russian mawu" (demokalase), a cholembera cha Di Pisarev, "ndikuganiza proletariat," "moyenera," "Bazaar". Izi ofufuza za buku "abambo ndi ana," anapereka awiri maganizo otsutsa.

Pisarev maganizo khalidwe waukulu

Mosiyana Antonovich, amene ayesedwa kwambiri zoipa Bazarov, Pisarev anaona izo pano "nthawi ya ngwazi za." wotsutsa ameneyu wakhala poyerekeza chithunzi ichi ndi "anthu latsopano" otchulidwa buku "Kodi ndichite chiyani?" ng Chernyshevsky.

Mutu wa "abambo ndi ana" (ubale wa citanthatu) mu nkhani zake chinaonekera. Kulankhula mwa oimira demokalase malangizo maganizo divergent wa ntchito Turgenev ndi analandira ngati "kugawanika mu nihilists pa" - mfundo ya nkhani mkati zinalili mu kayendedwe demokalase.

Antonovich wa Bazarov

Ndipo owerenga ndi ofufuza za "abambo ndi ana" kusokonezedwa osati mwangozi mafunso awiri: za udindo wolemba ndi prototypes zithunzi za buku la. Oterewa ndi mitengo iwiri, amene anamasulira komanso atazindikira ntchito iliyonse. Chikhulupiriro Antonovich, Turgenev ankadwala ndi zolinga zabwino. Kumasulira kwa Bazarov kuperekedwa ndi anthu amenewa, chithunzichi sunalembedwe kuchokera "ku moyo" nkhope ndi "mzimu woipa," "Asmodeus", amene anamasulidwa mbadwo watsopano wa wolemba kukwiya.

Mu feuilletonistic chosunga unsembe Antonovich nkhani. Wotsutsa koposa kufotokoza cholinga kusanthula ntchito analengedwa waukulu khalidwe zojambula, m'malo Sitnikov, "wophunzira" Bazarov, m'malo mphunzitsi wake. Bazarov, malinga Antonovich, si luso generalization, osati galasi, omwe amasonyeza kuti achinyamata. Anthu ena amanena kuti wolemba buku la analenga lampoon kuluma, mmene chinthu akhale momwemo. Cholinga Antonovich - "kukangana" ndi achinyamata a Turgenev - wakhala akwaniritsa.

Kodi iwo asakhululukire Turgenev Democrats?

Antonovich mu subtext la Nkhani lachinyengo ndi akhakula amanyoza wolemba kuti iye anakhala chithunzi chimene kwambiri "anazindikira" monga mmodzi wa prototypes izo imatengedwa Dob. Atolankhani a "Contemporary", kuwonjezera, wolemba asakhululukire kusiyana ndi magazini. Buku "abambo ndi ana" linasindikizidwa mu "Russian boma yotchedwa Gazette", buku ndiwofatsa kuti anali kwa iwo chizindikiro cha kutulukira komaliza ndi demokalase Ivan Sergeyevich.

Souks mu "kutsutsa kwenikweni"

Pisarev anasonyeza wina mawonedwe za chikhalidwe chachikulu cha ntchito. Iye ankaona kuti si monga caricature a anthu ena, komanso nthumwi ya akutulukira pamene mtundu watsopano chikhalidwe ndi maganizo. akungondidzudzula ndi chidwi wamng'onong'ono mu mtima wolemba kwa ngwazi wake, komanso makhalidwe osiyanasiyana akuti chithunzichi luso. Pisarev Bazarov kutanthauziridwa mu mzimu wa otchedwa kutsutsa kwenikweni. Iye ananena kuti wolemba zokhudza wake okondera, koma mtundu kwambiri Pisarev anali amaikidwa - ". Ngwazi za nthawi monga" Mu nkhani lotchedwa "Bazarov" anati otchulidwa buku, ndi mbali yaikulu, ankayimiridwa ngati "nkhope zomvetsa chisoni" - mtundu watsopano, amene si moti mabuku. Kutanthauzira zina zotsutsa ndi Bazarov anachoka zambiri ku buku la. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani ya "Kuganiza proletariat" ndi "moyenera" m'dzina la "Bazaar" ena amati mtundu nyengo raznochinets onyamula, mumtima ali pafupi Pisarev.

Atamunamizira kukondera

Cholinga, bata kamvekedwe ka Turgenev m'chifanizo cha protagonist ndi zikutsutsana atamunamizira kukondera. "Abambo ndi Ana" - mtundu wa "duel" Turgenev ndi nihilists ndi nihilism, koma analilemba zofunikira zonse "malamulo a ulemu" Iye akamulemekeza mdani mu nkhondo chilungamo, "kupha" iye. Bazarov ngati chizindikiro cha olakwika oopsa, monga Ivan Sergeyevich, ndi mdani woyenera. Mnyozo ndi caricature, zomwe mlandu woyambitsa wa ena, iwo sanali ntchito, chifukwa iwo kuchitira zotsatira zosiyana kwathunthu, ndicho underestimating mphamvu za nihilism, ndi choopsa. Nihilists adafuna kuika lzhekumirov awo m'malo mwa "wosatha". Turgenev, pokumbukira ntchito yake panjira Yevgeny Bazarov, analemba INE Saltykov-Shchedrin mu 1876 kuti buku "abambo ndi ana," chomwe ndi chidwi ndi mbiri ya chilengedwe cha ambiri, kuti n'zosadabwitsa chifukwa kuti ambiri owerenga khalidwe wakhala chinsinsi, chifukwa wolemba sangathe ndithu kulingalira momwe iye anawalembera. Turgenev ananena kuti iye ankadziwa chinthu chimodzi chokha: sizinali mu izo ndiye palibe chochitika alibe malingaliro kukondera.

Malo Turgenev

Ofufuza za buku "abambo ndi ana" analankhula makamaka mmodzi ndiye amaganiza, kupereka kuwunika nkhanza. Nthawiyi, Turgenev, monga mabuku yapita, amapewa ndemanga, sizikupanga mfundo mwadala amabisa dziko lamkati la ngwazi wake, kuti amaumiriza owerenga. Mkangano wa buku "abambo ndi ana" si padziko. Ndizodziwikiratu kumasulira wotsutsa Antonovich ndi Pisarev kwathunthu ananyalanyaza malo wolemba zikusonyezedwa chiwembu cha zikuchokera, ndi yosemphana. Kuti iwo akuyendera mfundo tsoka Bazarov mwa wolemba ntchito za "abambo ndi ana", mafano amene adakali maganizo ofufuza zosiyanasiyana.

Eugene mu mikangano ndi Pavel Petrovich wosasinthika Koma patapita kovuta "chikondi kuyesedwa" m'kati wosweka. wolemba anatsindika "nkhanza" maganizo anzeru a ngwazi izi, ndi ubale zigawo zonse zimene zimapanga dziko lake. Bazarov - ndi maximalist, yemwe amakhulupirira kuti mtengo ali chikhulupiriro, ngati sichikutsutsana ndi ena. Atangomva khalidwe pakutayika imodzi "kugwirizana" mu "unyolo" dziko - akhala anaonanso ndi kufunsa ena onse. Mu pake, ndi "latsopano" Bazarov, ndi "Hamlet" mwa nihilists lapansi.