Mali (dziko). Dziko Africa West

Aliyense dziko lili kwambiri mbali chidwi ndi mfundo. Aliyense wa iwo akhoza kukuuzani kwambiri. Makamaka ngati ali kutali ndi zosowa dziko. Mwachitsanzo, African Republic la Mali. Kodi tiyenera kudziwa za loyamba?

malo Hrs

Ikani pa mapu Mali akhoza kukhala kumadzulo kwa Africa. Dziko ali pafupifupi theka la miliyoni makilomita lalikulu, kapena m'malo - 1,24. Makumi awiri zikwi za iwo ali otanganidwa ndi madzi, ndi zina - m'dziko. Kukula kwa dziko kungakhale lingaliro bwino ngati inu mukudziwa kuti angafanane ndi Republic of South Africa kapena kawiri Texas. Kutalika kwa malire ndi makilomita zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri mazana awiri makumi atatu. Kumadzulo kwa dziko ndi Senegal, kumpoto - Algeria ndi Mauritania, kum'mawa ndi Niger ndi Burkina Faso, kum'mwera kwa Mali - m'dziko la Côte d'Ivoire, poyamba ankatchedwa Ivory Coast, ndi Guinea.

Likulu ndi dera

Monga m'dziko lililonse, mu Mali pali dongosolo zovuta za utsogoleri magawano. Pa n'kopanda pa dera la zigawo zisanu ndi zitatu. Gulu osiyana ndi likulu la Mali - Mali. Madera anawagawa zigawo, ndiwo dziko mazana awiri eyite-eyiti. Kuwonjezera pa utsogoleri magawano, palinso lawolawo. Nature Mali lagawidwa zinthu zisanu zikuluzikulu. Ichi ndi chipululu kumpoto kwa boma, dera kusintha - inapululuka, mitundu iwiri ya savannah ndi dera la mtsinje ankadziwana Niger.

dziwe madzi

Mtsinje waukulu ndi Niger, moyenda ku Guinea, mitanda m'dera la Mali ndi walangizidwa kumpoto, kum'mawa. Mu mzere ndi nthambi zambiri, mitsinje ndi nyanja, ndi m'madambo. Mu ankadziwana ndi nyumba zimene zingathe kufalitsa madzi ulimi wothirira. Popeza Republic of Mali ili m'dera m'malo ouma, pamaso pa zomangamanga hayidiroliki chifukwa ndi zofunika kwambiri. Mbali ya njira yokumba ulimi wothirira akubwereza njira zakale za Niger. Kumadzulo, palinso mtsinje Senegal, umene ndi chifukwa cha pophatikizana a Bako ndi Bafing. Mu ankadziwana ake ndi mfundo wotsikitsitsa mu Mali. dziko nazonso yodziwika angapo a mapiri. Mu mapiri chakumadzulo sandstone amakhala chimango cha beseni kumtunda kwa Niger ndi Bani, umene ndi tributary.

mapiri

Kuwonjezera pa chikweza sandstone, m'dera ndi madera ena kukweza matanthwe a pansi padziko. Makamaka kutchulidwa mapiri pakati pa mizinda ya Gao ndi Mopti. Kummawa, yotsirizira ali Ostantsovy zosiyanasiyana otchedwa Hombori. The chimbuzi ndi phiri mamita chikwi zana makumi asanu. Iyi ndi mbiri osati cha khamu, koma dziko lonse. kukwezedwa lina lalikulu m'mapiriŵa ndi Adrar des Ifoghas.

zomera

Ngakhale nkhanza otentha nyengo uliri Africa, Mali mwina kudzitama zosiyanasiyana zomera. Ambiri a m'deralo ali ndi zosiyanasiyana zitsamba ndi udzu. Pa dera la inapululuka pali mthethe, kanjedza mitundu chiwonongeko, baobabs, mitengo Nerea kapokovye, shea batala, ceiba, nthuza zakutchire ndi njira zina zosowa. Kum'mwera, pali mitengo ya kanjedza rone, Senegal Kaya, osachira, zosiyanasiyana zomera herbaceous.

dziko nyama

Zinyama Mali chidwi zosaneneka zosiyanasiyana. Mu madera a m'madera mchipululu ali ambiri zazikulu mphalapala - Oryx, Addax, ndi agwape, cheetahs, akadyamsonga ndi afisi wovulidwa. Mu udzu lokhalamo warthogs - nkhumba zakutchire African ndipo zosiyanasiyana ogwirira - mimbulu mikango ndi akambuku. Common agwape. Mwatsoka, kalekale amachepetsa chiwerengero njovu. chapadera kwambiri ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja ya Mali. Dziko ndi zikugwira nsomba nsomba, imatengedwa chofunika kwambiri Nile nsomba, amatchedwanso "Captain." Ambiri ankaimira tizilombo - njuchi, udzudzu, chiswe, nsabwe. mitundu ndi oopsa kwa nyama ndi thanzi la munthu. Chitetezo cha zomera ndi nyama ya boma ndi ndawala za malo osungirako otchedwa Boucle du Baoulé National Park.

zachilengedwe

Mitundu yonse ya zinthu zofunikira pa chitukuko yogwira boma, zinayimiridwa bwino m'gawo la Mali. Dziko monyadira miyala ya zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, ndi miyala - ali ncho golide ndi diamondi. Komanso, mabomba angathe kuonedwa Mali mkuwa, bauxite, manganese, ureniamu, lubwe, lifiyamu, tebulo mchere. Pali mu dziko ndi kaolin wa dongo.

nyengo

dziko ili mu otentha chokhala ndi gulu. Kum'mwera, umene uli likulu la Mali, nyengo subequatorial. Pali alternating nyengo youma ndi mvula. Choyamba chimakhala cha November kwa June, ndipo chachiwiri - kuchokera July kwa October. M'nyengo youma mu dziko chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mphepo kumpoto easterly amene amayambitsa chimphepo. Pakati pa Mali, Mali, pali kusinthasintha chidwi kutentha mkati tsiku lina - madzulo, usiku ndi m'mawa ndi ozizira, ndi kupendeka thermometer madigiri oposa makumi atatu kutentha. Dera pa dera la Sahara ndi harmattan mphepo, mphepo yamkuntho mphamvu amasiyana. Kutentha pano ukufika madigiri makumi asanu kutentha. Zolemba malire mpweya amasiyana m'madera kum'mwera - zimagwera apa ndi millimeters zikwi pa chaka. Kudutsa dziko, pali chilala zonse. mazana awiri ndi makumi atatu - Mu mzinda wa dera Timbuktu Sahara imagwera millimeters zana ndi makumi asanu pa chaka.

Anthu a Mali

Pafupi kwathunthu kwa anthu ukufanizidwa ndi negroid. Only ena mwa madera kumpoto pali nthumwi za mtundu Mediterranean Caucasians - Aluya ndi Tuaregs. Chidwi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Mali - kwa anthu a makumi. Ambiri a iwo a ku Niger-Kord-Fann chinenero banja, palinso oimira West Atlantic, ndi Afro-muthu Voltskaya. Anthu ochuluka kuposa ndi Bambara, kuthandiza chinenero ambiri. gulu mitundu angapezeke m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko. Chotsatira ndi Malinke ndi akuluakulu a kumadzulo. Ngati wina m'mbuyomu, anthu makamaka ndawala ulimi ndi ng'ombe kuswana.

Agriculture ndi Senufo moyo, ndi Mande. Pa magombe a Niger anthu a Songhai chinkhoswe mu woyendayendawu kuswana ng'ombe. Mu Madera ambiri makolokoto wa Dogon moyo ungathe bwino ulimi m'madera ambiri ovutika. munene Special woyenera Tuaregs. Anthu woyendayendawu kuchokera kummawa. Aluya zikugwira kuswana ng'ombe ndi malonda m'dera la Nyanja Faguibine ndi Sahara. Ngakhale kuti mtundu uwu si ambiri, imawakhudza chitukuko cha dziko. Choncho, chipembedzo cha Chisilamu chinafala muulamuliro awo, ndi kukhala kusankha ambiri.

Fulani mitundu gulu osangalatsa. Mu maonekedwe awo Chili ndi maonekedwe a Negroid ndi Caucasoid mpikisano. Iwo ndi kuwala khungu bulauni. Fulani padziko Atlantic gombe ndi dera la inapululuka, komanso mu Niger Delta. Chiwerengero sichidalira miyambo Muslim, izo zimasunga zikhulupiriro za makolo. Anthu amalambira zomera, nyama, miyala, komanso kulemekeza mizimu ya makolo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anthu ena kuvomereza Islam, koma kusunga ena zipembedzo zonyenga. Dziko yodziwika ndi ziwawa a kuchuluka kwa anthu - chiwerengero cha anthu kumawonjezera zaka khumi ndi zisanu zapitazi, maperesenti oposa awiri chaka chilichonse. Pafupifupi theka la anthu - pansi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi nthumwi za m'badwo pantchito - zosaposa zisanu ndi chimodzi peresenti.

National Zizindikiro Mali

Wodzilamulira dzikolo linalandira osati kale. Ophiphiritsa anaonekera mu 1961, pambuyo dziko unasiya kukhala mbali ya m'dera French. Mbendera ntchito monga ukonde mu mawonekedwe a quadrilateral ndi, utali wa kutanthauza m'lifupi mu chiŵerengero cha zitatu awiri. Izo ntchito pa dziko mokhudzana anthu, boma ndi asilikali. Mbendera lagawidwa mikwingwirima atatu ofukula za kukula wofanana. Flagstaff ndi kuwala wobiriwira gulu, likulu - yowala chikasu, koma ndi m'mphepete - wofiira. Woyamba ndi chizindikiro cha chiyembekezo, minda ndi msipu, ulimi, umene chuma amadalira. Komanso, ndi chizindikiro cha luso zonse ndi wamakono. Yellow amalembedwa chuma mchere za nzika iliyonse ya dziko. Pomaliza, wofiira - chizindikiro cha kulimbana kwa ufulu ndi ufulu. Poyamba, njuchi anali French mbendera nsalu, wodzilemekeza ndi wakuda chithunzi Kanaga. chithunzi ichi kwa munthu amene anabwera ndi mbali ya lingaliro la exclusivity akuda. Kusankhana mitundu chithunzi inachotsedwa ophiphiritsa mu 1961. modabwitsa, koma palibe mitundu chizindikiro mbendera. Ndi chimbale buluu imene utoto kabawi woyera ndi mauta, mivi, wangwiro ndi korona.