Folk Culture a Belarus. Mbiri ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe Belarus

Kukamba za mbiri ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe Chibelarusi - chinthu chomwecho, kuyesera kuti ndikuuzeni kale ndi zochititsa chidwi. Ndipotu boma anaonekera ndithu nthawi yaitali, kutchula koyamba za zikuoneka mmbuyo mu chaka 862, pamene panali mzinda wa Polotsk, amene ankaona midzi wamkulu. chikhalidwe Chibelarusi ali kusanduka kwa zaka zambiri ndipo inalukana ndi zosiyanasiyana zochitika pa nthawi. Mwina n'chifukwa chake iye ali kuwala zosiyanasiyana.

Zikamera wa chikhalidwe

Ngati ife kulankhula za mmene kuonekera Culture a Belarus, ndi kuti makamaka anakhudzidwa, kudzakhala kovuta kuti kuona zinthu monga Kubadwa Kwatsopano, Kukonzanso ndi Choonadi. Kubadwa Kwatsopano nthawi kuti Belarus unali wotchuka mu nthumwi ngati olemekezeka a nthawi ino monga Frantsisk Skorina. Iye sanali kokhaku monga chosindikizira ndi zaumunthu, komanso anayesera kubweretsa phindu pazipita kwa anthu a uzimu, komanso kuyesa ngati n'zotheka kuti awulule mfundo zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane mmene "anthu" ndi "munthu." Zinali iye amene anakhazikitsa woyamba makina osindikizira ku Belarus.

Belarus za m'ma 18 Chenicheni chikhalidwe anakumbukira imene osankhika a ku Ulaya ndi wokonzeka kuukira "gawo la kuganiza." Nthawi imeneyi mwachangu kukhala ndi mabuku Chibelarusi, ngakhale kuti chilango choopsa ndi owononga nkhondo. Malinga ndi azambiriyakale, asonyeza nthawi ya chitukuko cha chikhalidwe Chibelarusi anabwera m'ma 17, pamene anthu ankakula ngati kuli kotheka mlingo wa chikumbu payekha.

Nthawi Soviet

Pa mbiri yake pansi panopa Belarus zafikapo monga mbali zosiyanasiyana maukulu ndi maulamuliro. Lero, dziko lino ndi munthu ndipo ndithu boma kudzidalira. Koma kamodzi, komanso m'mayiko ena ambiri, Belarus ankaona mbali ya Byelorussian SSR ndi USSR. Nthawi imeneyi, chitukuko cha chikhalidwe Belarus makamaka chidwi ndi zachilendo. Akatswiri amanena momveka kwambiri akuwonetseredwa chikhalidwe cha boma pa nthawi ya February utasintha mu 1917. Komanso, akatswiri dziwani kuti nthawi ino tinganene kuti nyengo ya Belarusization.

Ngakhale pa ntchito German antchito mwakhama dziko anatha osati kubwezeretsa "Chibelarusi yosindikiza" komanso kuyamba kupanga nyuzipepala "Gaumont". Pa nthawi yomweyo, Anthu apanga kutsegula 200 sukulu Chibelarusi, amene kamodzinso zimatsimikizira chilakolako cha anthu chitukuko ndi kudzikonda kusintha. Komabe, mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti nthawi imeneyi, boma ankafuna kukhala anthu mothandizidwa ndi Pawokha dziko. Tidalenga zosiyanasiyana masewera ndi kuika patsogolo anthu achangu. Makamaka amatha kulankhula oimira yowala wa modernity Soviet monga Goloded M. ndi A. Worms.

chikhalidwe zamakono

Pa nthawi imene Soviet chikhalidwe Chibelarusi anatha kukwaniritsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, anakwezedwa chinenero mfundo, dzina, ndi mtundu Chibelarusi. Koma zonse sanachedwe pansi mavuto mfundo Stalin. Maganizo a Bolsheviks pafupifupi sanasiyiretu ndondomeko nationalization, omwe anayamba kuchira otetezeka madera awa. Nthawiyi amakumbukiridwa monga nthawi ya Belarus, amene akulamulira anali munthu ndi mtundu indivisible. Choncho, kulankhula za chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi kovuta m'dzikoli.

Komabe, ndi 1991 vuto kwathunthu anasintha, ndi kusintha kwa boma anatenga anawalamulira, ndipo Belarus nayambanso kubwezeretsa miyambo ndiponso dziko. Iwo anatenga pulogalamu boma kuti chitukuko cha chinenero Chibelarusi, komanso nakhalanso Chibelarusi Culture Fund. The ndondomeko kubwezeretsa wokondwa kwambiri pa amadzibisa onse, koma chimaonekera ntchito mabuku a nthawi. Today Belarus ndi osiyana ochokera m'mayiko ena, osati kokha kwa adzadziwire ake, komanso zosiyanasiyana masitaelo, mosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu za chikhalidwe chawo.

zovala national

N'zosadabwitsa mbiri yakale kuphunzira peculiarities chikhalidwe Chibelarusi, makamaka taonera wapadera wa zovala dziko. Inde, pafupifupi malingaliro a anthu asonkhana yosavuta, mwakuwoneka chovala. Koma kwenikweni, mu malaya zokongola zophikapika ndi madiresi lalikulu yokutidwa kuposa zovala basi. Folk Culture a Belarus, monga taonera kale, analemba ndi mayiko ena. Choncho, nsalu yowala pa malaya yosavuta ndi masiketi kleshenyh kugonana chilungamo, imene nthawi zambiri ankavala kalelo, amapezeka mitundu ina. Pa nthawi yomweyo Belarusians nthawi zonse kukakhala chakuti ukufanizidwa pa nsalu. Aliyense chokongoletsera kulondera kapena anathandiza tingati mwini zovala. Choncho, akazi nthawizonse ndayesera mmene ndingathere kukongoletsa osati zovala, komanso kuti akonze chithumwa zovala wamwamuna. Kawiri kawiri mutha kupeza zovala za Belarus, pamene pali zipewa yowala mitundu.

nyimbo

N'zosadabwitsa kuti lero pafupifupi onse Masiku Chibelarusi Culture chowala ndi paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi. Mu phokoso m'tawuni nyimbo za makolo, ndi m'makwalala munakwanisa kuona zosiyanasiyana zovala Chibelarusi. Ngati ife kulankhula za mtundu wa nyimbo ngati nthumwi za anthu, ndiye ndithudi tingasiyanitsire mwambo nyimbo.

Kuyambira Asilavo East kunayamba chitukuko cha nyimbo m'dzikoli. The zipangizo waukulu angatchedwe dziko - ndi Chibelarusi yolira ndi Duda.

Kale, anthu a boma nthawi zambiri anachita mwambo nyimbo: carols, ukwati lathu, wakututa nyimbo kapena Shrove couplets. nyimbo Amazing zachilendo zida Chibelarusi ukhoza kugwera mu chikondi pa phokoso woyamba, ndipo amajambulapo maluwa okongola catchy ndi chomasuka kuphedwa amakakamizidwa muyaya kukonda nyimbo ya dziko lino. Komabe, mawu ali komanso yodziwika ndi ambiguity awo. Nthawi zina, mu ndime zophweka kwambiri lagona tanthauzo lakuya, yomwe transmits zinthu zina zosaoneka kwa akunja. Chaka chilichonse dziko lino amapereka nambala yaikulu zikondwerero song, pamene inu simungathe yekha bwanji zokongola, koma pakumva nyimbo dziko!

zisudzo

Amene kale mu zisudzo Chibelarusi nthawi zonse chochitika, chifukwa malangizo yake m'chigawo cha luso yosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene Tingaone m'mayiko ena. Culture a Belarus wakhala anaima chifukwa kuwala kwake ndi zachilendo, koma zisudzo - ndi chinthu chinachake chapadera ndi wapadera kuti angapezeke yekha mu fuko lino. Monga inu mukudziwa, zisudzo akatswiri dziko kunayamba nthawi ya mwambo wakale wowerengeka. Mwina n'chifukwa chake iye sali mosiyana zisudzo lina lililonse padziko lapansi.

Kale pa malire a Belarus kawirikawiri anakumana ndi kungoyenda oimba, ndi bwalo gululo, ndipo, ndithudi, magulu a zofufuzafufuza. Si chinsinsi kuti Belarusians - anthu kulenga amene nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukhala kudzikonda. Pakali pano, dziko lili 28. boma masewera amagwira ntchito ndi Mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kupatula zoterezi ndi zoimbira Belarus angapezeke, ndi chidole zisudzo, amene amakhala ndi kuwala kwake ndi zisudzo zachilendo. Koma wotchuka kwambiri dziko imatengedwa kuti ndi Bolshoi Opera ndipo Ballet Theatre a Belarus, ndiko kumene mukufuna kukaona kamodzi pa moyo wawo!

Literature ndi luso zithunzi

Science ndi Culture a Belarus wakhala wosiyana malo ofanana mu maiko ena. Literature ndi onse angatchedwe malangizo osiyana, chifukwa olemba otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse la zochitika kwambiri zokongola anafotokoza ntchito yake. Ambiri, chifukwa cha Belarus nambala yaikulu maina otchuka omwe lero ndi chidwi kwa owerenga masiku ano. Mwachitsanzo, Kotlyarov labambo Ragutsky, Anoshkin, ndi ena ambiri Ndaligonjetsa mitima ya okonda woona zidutswa yowala. Belarus ali ndi kuchuluka yaikulu kanjedza sayansi omwe achititsa kuti chitukuko cha sayansi dziko.

Luso luso limene anthu n'zoperewera. Pa boma Chibelarusi mlandu kwambiri aluso amene anatha otchuka pa ntchito yake pa dziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zambiri iwo Zithunzizi mitunda dziko ndi kukongola kwa dziko lakwawo, koma zambiri mwa ojambula odziwika bwino angathe kukumana ndi portraitists luso.

Kitchen ndi mbale mtundu wa dziko

History of Culture a Belarus sitingakhale kuchita popanda mbale dziko. Amene munayesapo ndi beetroot zokoma, musaiwale kukoma kwake. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti waukulu Chibelarusi zakudya mbale - mbatata zikondamoyo, koma izi siziri choncho. Kumene, Kale, anthu a zakudya zosiyanasiyana zake makamaka mbatata yosavuta Kufikika, ndi ntchito kuphika, zomwe zikhoza wamkulu. Koma olemba mbiri apeza lero kuti poyamba anthu Chibelarusi amakonda kudya chakudya choyamba. Komano, palibe zodabwitsa mu chakuti mu Belarusians wakale matebulo zambiri ndi zakudya nyama. Mwachitsanzo, verashchaka, sausages zosiyanasiyana ndi nyama yophika pa maphikidwe wapadera ndi zitsamba ndi zonunkhira. Koma wotchuka kwambiri zakumwa Chibelarusi ndi maswiti. Mwachitsanzo, sbiten, Kulaga, msuzi wa mowa ndi Krambambulya. Pali ngakhale wapadera Chinsinsi Chibelarusi akakhala mkate, chimene zimasiyana yekha mkulu kulawa, komanso katundu zothandiza.

mbali national

Mwa makhalidwe mtundu wa anthu a Belarus akhoza ndithudi kuunikila chilakolako kusunga statehood ndi chitukuko. Nthawi zonse anthu a dziko lino adafuna kupulumutsa Chofunika - wapadera ake ndi m'maganizo.

Ngakhale kuti m'dziko lino ankanena nkhondo ndi zisinthe, anthu anatha kusunga osati zipilala chachikulu cha chikhalidwe cha Belarus, komanso ambiri kusunga mbiri ya anthu ake. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti lingaliro dziko monga n'zosatheka ndikuganiza, ndi kusonyeza izo, kwa zaka zambiri anthu amabwera osati kukhala awo chikhalidwe yekha, komanso kuchita zonse zimene tingathe kusunga mizu. Belarus - ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwa dziko kuti anakwanitsa, ngakhale mavuto ambiri, kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri.

Chibelarusi Tsogolo chikhalidwe

Monga amadziwika, ndi Belarusians - ndi ansangala kwambiri ndipo anthu abwino-chikhalidwe. Malinga ndi chikhalidwe ndi maganizo mofanana kwambiri abale awo Asilavo. Si chinsinsi kuti lero pafupifupi mayiko onse sinditsata yekha kusunga awo chikhalidwe yekha, komanso mwachangu kuthandiza kuti achire. chikhalidwe Chibelarusi anabisika kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo masiku ano dziko yofunika kwambiri - apitirize mwachangu kuteteza ndi kukonda nkhani yake.

Komabe, Zoneneratu kwa chikhalidwe cha Belarus kuwala kwambiri, chifukwa lero boma kulenga ojambula zithunzi latsopano, olemba ndi maphunziro amene yomweyo kupeza omvera ndi m'ntchito zake. Monga kale, masewera zakale ndi tambirimbiri mwadzaza anthu, ndipo izo zikutanthauza kuti anthu eni adzakhala amayesetsa kukhala ndi ulemu mbiri ya deralo.