Cosmonaut Komarova Vladimira Mihaylovicha imfa. "Soyuz-1"

Za zolephera mu ndege danga Soviet Union kuti izo osavomerezeka, ngakhale kubisala mfundo zambiri. Vladimir Komarov anaphedwa, izi Hero wa Soviet Union, ndi wasayansi ya zakuthambo dziko anaphunzira yomweyo. Space pa siteji koyamba chitukuko wakhala pafupifupi zovuta kuzimvetsa, ndipo zombo tili ndi zofooka zambiri, zolakwa ndi okonza.

Nsembe chifukwa cha osiyanasiyana malo mu nyengo ya Soviet

Mayina a otchuka ambiri a chombo amadziwika onse, koma mmene akadali osadziwika aliyense anthu amene ntchito anali danga ndi amene anali kudula mofupikitsa basi kudzulu.

Imfa ya cosmonaut Komarov anali mmodzi wa nsembe incommensurable kwa poona danga wopandamalire. Iye, monga ambiri ambuye ena kwambiri, anapereka chifukwa wake wa kupitirira, anadzipereka kufufuza ndi kupeza mayankho a mafunso amene anthu akhala anafunsa.

Woyamba milandu amapha

Monga Vladimir Komarov mbiri yomwe kuliganizira wapadera, anafa ndi mavuto ofanana mu Valentin Bondarenko spaceflight. imfa yake yoyamba mu chitukuko cha malo malo lotseguka: ndi wokayenda pamwezi awotchedwe amoyo mu 1961, pamene m'chipinda kudzipatula pa anayambitsa sayansi pa maphunziro thupi. The ngwazi ankakonza kukhala wokayenda pamwezi, kupita kuphunzira. Munagwa. Pamene unhitching masensa zachipatala pa thupi, iye napukuta thupi thonje wake swab choviikidwa mu mowa umene unabuka, pomenya lotsatira ubwenzi muzitentha. Kamera, mpweya, ayatsa moto kufalitsa mwamsanga danga ndi akachita. Malawi linafalikira zovala, amene nthawi yomweyo kunabuka. Wokayenda pamwezi, anatsegula chitseko nthawi, analandira mantha ndi kutentha atakwatirana ndi moyo, anafa pa malopo.

Pankhaniyi anali oyamba poyera komanso sanapangidwe anthu ndi boma la Soviet Union. Koma anakhala phunziro kwa maulamuliro ndi chifukwa si angagwiritse spacecraft m'madera ladzala ndi oxygen.

Kenako, n'zimenenso ndi mavuto ngati amenewa anapha chombo china atatu ku America, ndipo ngati osati kwa mobisa a mwambo woyamba oopsa kuposa kale a astronautics ngozi iyi akanatha kupewa.

About wokayenda pamwezi, kuwotchedwa moyo pamene tidakocheza

"Soyuz-1", kubwerera ku Earth 23 April 1967 inaonongeka chifukwa cholephera a dongosolo parachuti. Imfa ya cosmonaut Komarov mayeso a chombo chidafika nkhonya wina ku dziko lonse Soviet. Inde, imalankhula woyamba sanali kwathunthu ndinaganiza ndipo anafufuza. mode opanda ali oopsa choncho kunalibe kulephera. Chaka izi zisanachitike, November 28, 1966, ngozi ankafika ku kanjira anapanga loyamba basi "Soyuz-1" ndi "Cosmos 133", monga anauzidwa kuti TASS. Patapita kanthawi, mu December chaka chomwecho, iye anali ndi ngozi chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa Launch Pad, "Soyuz-2".

A maziko ka tsoka ndi Komarov

Koma boma la Soviet ankafuna zikayenda latsopano mu mlengalenga, ndipo mofulumira, anaganiza kuti akonze chombo kuponyedwa ndi May 1, ngakhale mavuto iye anali zokwanira. Atadziwa za chiwerengero cha mavuto, wasayansi ya zakuthambo cholinga kuuluka mu mlengalenga, akudwala, kuthamanga magazi, ndipo iye anatenga bedi lake. Anapatsidwa mayeso wina, Vladimir Mihaylovich Komarov, waluso ndi ophunzitsidwa ndege, amene anali mu kanjira monga kubwerera ndi Yuriem Gagarinym mu April 1966.

Kodi izo zonse zinachitika kwenikweni?

Pambuyo amasulidwe chombo mu kanjira chifukwa cha mavuto Komarov anaganiza mwachangu kupanga ikamatera, koma sikunali kotheka kupewa ngozi. Zimenezi anali kamodzinso kubisika. The limafotokoza kuti ndege bwino, ndipo pologalamuyo ndi kuphedwa. Version kwenikweni anali ochepa. Mmodzi wa iwo - ndi chosasamala wa okhazikitsa, amene tikubooleza dzenje zenera, chifukwa iye sakanakhoza kulowa ufulu wa wagawo, izo yagoletsa chifukwa cha chimbale zitsulo. Yambiri anasungunuka pomenya wandiweyani wosanjikiza mumlengalenga pa mbadwa la chombo, ndipo mphepo Analowa m'chipinda mumlengalenga. Kumapatsa kuthamanga zinachititsa kuti psinjika za chidebe ndi parachuti anatuluka ndipo amanena kuti analephera. Panali tsoka latsopano.

Mphindi womaliza asanafe imfa ya ngwazi-wokayenda pamwezi

imfa wokayenda pamwezi Komarov anali pafupifupi mosalephera. Iye anali wokhoza kuti amasule malo parachuti, koma posakhalitsa chimatha chifukwa cha kukhudzana woyamba ndi mizere. N'kutheka kuti apulumuke pafupifupi kumeneko, ndipo onse chosasamala ndi okhazikitsa ndi zinthu, osasamala otnesshiysya ntchito zawo.

Pa otsetsereka makina kumalondolera nthaka ndi woyendetsa Komarov anafa.

Kumbukirani nthawi zonse: ndani chimene chinachitika?

Udindo dongosolo parachuti ku Soviet Union anali pa Minaviaproma. Version zimene zinachitika anali iwo anaomba yosiyana: kuti galasi adzaza ndi parachutes mkati kuwombera, pomenya obadwa mu mlengalenga rarefied za m'chombo. Chifukwa dontho lakuthwa kuthamanga galasi olumala, ndi chifukwa inamangidwa mu kuchuluka kwa chipangizo, ndiye wotsinidwa ndi parachuti chachikulu. Pa mbadwa pa liwilo kugwirizanitsa makina anayamba ndi pokhudzana ndi nthaka inaonongeka.

malo Ronaldo zinachitika amatchedwa Adamovsky District Orenburg dera. M'mudzi Karabutak kuyambira anaika mwambo chikumbutso zovuta, omwe chaka chilichonse pa April 23 wokumbukira kuti ngwazi wagwa. Mu steppe pansi Orsk choyamba anaonekera obelisk woyamba June 11, 1967. unsembe wake unapangidwa bungwe ndi anzake wa wokayenda pamwezi womwalirayo.

History saphunzitsa china, kapena Kodi si kubwereza zolakwika

Patapita nthawi, mu June 1971, panali tsoka lina mu mlengalenga - imfa ya zilembo zitatu: Victor Patsaeva, Vladislav Volkov ndi Georgy Dobrovolsky, pamene adali kutsika pa dziko lapansi ndi siteshoni danga "Soyuz-1". Ndiye anadwala a "Soyuz-1" spacecraft. The chombo anali kuima-ins, amene anaulukira m'malo adalira waukulu Valery Kubasov, Petrom Kolodinym ndi Alekseem Leonovym. Chifukwa cha imfa - maganizo athu atsopano andale Soviet.

Kutenga cue ku America amene anaulukira kwa mwezi pa galimoto 3-seater, akuluakulu anaganiza kuti zosowa zathu anthu atatu okha kuwuluka. Ngati awiri anaulukira ku masuti danga, ndi tsoka sizinakhalepo. 3 suti si yogwirizana ndi zinthu zonse ndege, sichinkagwirizana kukula ndi kukula kwa kanyumba. The chombo anaulukira ku tracksuits, lomwe mosapita chiyani kunali kosatheka.

Mwachitsanzo Gagarin, kachiwiri lopangidwa ndi anthu atatu mu 1964 "Kutuluka dzuwa" anaulukira Boris Yegorov, ndi Konstantin Feoktistov, Vladimir Komarov. Anaikira munthu kanyumba, ndithudi, kwa atatu anali amazipanga wopanikiza, ndipo chombo angakonde kuti kuuluka masuti danga, ndipo jumpsuits, ndi kuchotsedwa okha mpando ejection kuti mwanjira ina kuonjezera danga. Wopitiriza kuphwanya zinthu zonse ndege. Iwo tangoyamba miyoyo yawo pangozi. Mwayi waukulu kuti kuthawa inatha bwinobwino. Koma chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo, ndi chifukwa kunyalanyaza maganizo mikhalidwe pamaso tsokalo anali pakhomo.

Mfumu, kumverera mlandu wake pasadakhale, anapempha chikhululuko Mulimonsemo, kuonera chombo mu ndege. Zimenezi ndi akuluakulu a nthawi imeneyo, ndithudi, anali atabisala.

Zimayambitsa imfa ya cosmonaut Komarov

Pa otsetsereka inaonongeka "Soyuz-1". Vladimir Komarov sanathe pomwepo kuona mavuto mu makina. Choyamba ndi kutalika kwa 150 kupita ku Earth onse anali bwino, koma kunali koyenera pakhomo m'mlengalenga chombo kugawanika patatu, ndiko kuti, nadzawasankhula kanyumba kwa chipangizo chamagetsi zoweta ndi zipinda. Panthawi olekanitsa wa potulukira vavu katundu asanakalambe, ngakhale kutsegula ake zinali kuchitika patapita pafupi ndi dziko lapansi lenilenilo.

Chifukwa kutsegula osayembekezerekawo valavu akadali sichinayambe anakhazikitsa. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kulekana kwa ngalawayo mu zipinda chakumene akapichi zachiwawa pa mantha, ndi othandizira akhoza anatsegula pa kuphulika valavu wa mpweya m'mapapo ndi kayendedwe ka lanu ndodo. Pa otsetsereka makina kwambiri kuchepetsa kuthamanga, ndipo wokayenda pamwezi sanathe unfasten ndi zomangira kuti kutseka dzenje chifukwa (zenera), kenako anakomoka.

Pa kudziwika womwalirayo linkatchulidwa pamaso pa asafe magazi, kukha mwazi muubongo magazi mu mapapo. Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, mishoni panali zaka 2 zinaimitsidwa. Soviet danga luso panopa akufunikira kusintha. Zimenezi zakhudza boma. Chombo anali chikalata masuti wapadera, mu osiyana ndege zovala siyoyenera. kukhwimitsa chitetezo Atengedwa wa anthu nkhani yofunika.

Mwachidule yonena za wokayenda pamwezi kwambiri

ulendo wonse moyo wake flights wodzipereka kwa Vladimir Komarov anafa. Wambiri ya ngwazi za mfundo imeneyi. Iye anabadwa wokayenda pamwezi mu 1927. Ndili ndi zaka 16 pambuyo pulogalamu sukulu asanu ndi chaka, iye amalowa mu Air Force sukulu yapadera mu Moscow ndi cholinga chimodzi chokha kukhala mmodzi wa lodziwika bwino oyendetsa nkhondo Soviet, koma dipuloma analandira okha mapeto a nkhondoyi.

Chaka chotsatira, pambuyo amasulidwe Komarov anasamukira ku Bataysk. Titamaliza m'dzina la Serov College of usilikali Aviation mu 1949, anayamba utumiki wa asilikali womenya woyendetsa mu North District. Posachedwapa, mu Grozny, anakumana ndi Valentina. Mphunzitsi anakwatira Vladimir Mikhailovich.

Kuyambira womenya asilikali chifukwa Space Mayeso

Mu 1952, Komarov kachiwiri kunditumiza ku utumiki. nthawi iyi, malo ake atsopano okhala anali kumadzulo Chiyukireniya m'tauni ya Mukachevo. Monga katswiri woyendetsa mkulu kwa zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi ziwiri, Komarov wapitiriza kukhala, kuphunzira ndi kukula ngati katswiri. Cosmonaut mu 1959 analandira maphunziro apamwamba, maphunziro a Academy dzina la N. E. Zhukovskogo. Komanso, ntchito yake anapitiriza Institute of Red Chabwino Air Force Research State.

Institution osiyana kafukufuku yapita m'madera mabungwe pachimake - kudziyesa zitsanzo atsopano a ndege. Kusamukira kuno wakhala kwenikweni chakupha Komarov - izo ziri apa kuti iye amapatsidwa ntchito akuyiyesa spacecraft, lomwe analetsedwa kufalikira. Kale mu 1961, anayamba kukonzekera ndege ku "East" ndi "Kutuluka dzuwa".

Mphindi yotsiriza ya moyo Komarova

Vladimir Komarov anali kukambirana ndi Yuriem Gagarinym, ndi nkhani kwenikweni lili. Cholinga chake chinali kuti udzudzu sanathe kutsegula batire kumanzere. Atangotsala pang'ono ankafika Gagarin analangiza pokonzekera ntchito komaliza mosamala mosamala kuchitira kudziletsa powerengetsera poganizira mwezi. Komarov ananena kuti chirichonse chiri mu dongosolo, icho Akuti mu mpando ndi kulumikiza mpando m'zikwama zanu. Gagarin ankafuna kupuma kwambiri pamene ankafika, ndi Akayankha Komarov: "Zikomo inu, perekani zonse ..." - naye yomweyo wosweka. Ndizo zonse inu adanenapo pa mphindi Vladimir Komarov. Cosmonaut, mawu otsiriza amene ndimakhoza kumva dispatcher, nthawizonse kukhala okumbukira anthu amene ankamudziwa.

chipangizo anapita kuti atachoka m'mlengalenga. Search ndege unali kuoneka, ndipo ndege anaona kukhazikitsidwa kwa woyendetsa chute. Kuwonjezera apo, inanena kuti chombo moto kwenikweni. The afafanizidwe anali oopsa. chombo zinagwira moto, ndipo nthawi imeneyi Komarov Vladimir Mikhailovich ankadziwa kuti awonongeke. Palibe amene akudziwa mmene anamvera mu mphindi wa moyo. Onse zipolopolo: ndipo logbook, ndipo pa bolodi matepi.

Malinga ndi nthano, ndi oyendetsa ndege kusaka ankati anamva kumutukwana wokayenda pamwezi, koma zimenezi si nthano chabe. Imvani mawu izo zinali zotheka kudzera mlongoti ndi ili pa parachuti zomangira chachikulu, koma kuti awulule kwa iye sanali kukhala.

Usiku April 25 Vladimir Komarov amakhalabe anawatengera ku chipatala Burdenko. Vershinin anafika wamkulu, Air polimbana kuti atenge mwalamulo anatsimikizira akufa, koma pamene adawona chimene chinatsala, analamula kuti cremate.

Kufufuza anasonyeza kuti?

Kufufuza imfa ya Vladimir Komarov ndi tsoka ambiri, anachitika "Union", ntchito mwapadera yoikidwiratu anayamba. Masiku amenewo, nkhani nawo malo kufufuza Ustinov. Malinga ndi Baibulo boma la tsokalo zinachitika mwangozi, ife amatchedwa mwangozi lapansi.

Ndipotu, chifukwa - luso. Mphamvu woyendetsa chute anali ofooka kwambiri kuposa waukulu ndipo sanathe kukokera kunja chifukwa cha kulanda ya psinjika kuthamanga m'makoma chidebe, amene nawonso, analibe chinthu chimodzimodzi zokwanira. Anali wadziweruza okonza, gulu la chitukuko la parachuti chipinda m'chombocho, monga ndiAmene a dongosolo lino parachuti. Ku ofesi anali anajambula mlengi mkulu Tkachev ndi wachiwiri wake Mishin.

Kuyambira 1971 - palibe ngozi

Patatha zaka 1.5 pambuyo pa ngoziyo anakantha - imfa ya cosmonaut Komarov pa "Union", awa zimauluka cosmonaut Georgy Beregovoy kumayambiriro kwa 1969, komanso payokha - Khrunov ndi Elisha. zombo ziwiri mu kanjira akadali atazikocheza, ali kale mu danga lotseguka chombo anali amasamukira ku umodzi "Union" mu zina. The ndege chachiwiri komanso zoopsa, koma zilembo anapanga zovuta. "Union" anamuzindikira ngati odalirika kwambiri ya nthambi zonse za nthawi, ndi zina zambiri chisoni chinali mu 1971.

Kulimbamtima ndi mtima wa ngwazi za sanasangalale nazo ndi boma. "Gold Star" Komarov anali atamwalira kupereka ya Zikho Ulemu kachiwiri. Komanso, wasayansi ya zakuthambo mphoto pansi udindo zodabwitsa "Roza Vetrov", malinga ndi Komiti ya International kwa Aeronautics ndi malo othawirako, chikutsimikizira kufunika kwa wangwiro Vladimir Mikhailovich feat.

Today mtembo wake kupumula mwa khoma Kremlin pa lalikulu waukulu wa Moscow. khalidwe dzina mobwerezabwereza adawomba, ndi pa TV. Zopelekedwa potengera zochitika za filimu pansi pa chophiphiritsa mutu "Space. Choyamba Magazi. " oyambitsa ake anali ndi ntchito atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena kudziwa zimene zimayambitsa mavuto ndi zina zabwino zofunika, amene sanatchulidwe m'nthawi ya Soviet Union. Mu Germany, zaka khumi zapitazo, Berlin Symphony Orchestra anachita angapo ntchito zolembedwa ndi Oimba wotchuka padziko lonse mwachindunji pulogalamu Ad astra ntchito. Mwa iwo anali cholengedwa ya anthu odzipereka Vladimir Komarov.

Ngati tsoka lililonse ndi Komarov, "Union" amayenera kukhala mu mlengalenga mpaka 2014. Iwo anatenga hafu ya atumwi, ndipo sangakhulupirire ndi kutuluka ngalawa kuti ukhoza kwa zaka zambiri. Koma moyo wa iye (kuwombola anthu ake) anapereka zonse ngwazi chomwecho - Vladimir Mihaylovich Komarov. Kodi si zozizwitsa? Mwatsoka, anthu angapo mukudziwa izo, adzaweruzidwa ... Koma tsopano podziwa nkhani chisoni ndi odzipereka zoweta Komarova, dzina ayenera kukhala pa ndime ena testers lalikulu afunika kulemekeza kukumbukira izo.