Hellas - ichi wakale Greece. History, chikhalidwe ndi ngwazi za Greece

Hellas - Greece ndi dzina la kale. boma yathandiza kwambiri pa pofuna kukwaniritsa Europe. Zinali kuno nthawi yoyamba panali chinthu monga "demokalase" panali maziko a chikhalidwe dziko, izo anapanga mbali yaikulu ya nzeru ongolankhula, olengedwa mwa ntchito zabwino kwambiri za luso. Hellas - ichi ndi dziko zodabwitsa ndi mbiri yake ndi zonse zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi. M'buku lino mudzapeza mfundo zosangalatsa kwambiri zakale za ku Girisi.

History of Greece

Mu mbiri ya Greece wakale anaganiza kuonetsetsa nthawi zisanu: Mycenaean, Mibadwo ya Mdima, chachikale chinkawavuta, Chakale ndi Agiriki. Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Krete-Mycenaean nthawi amagwirizana ndi dongosolo dziko loyamba pa zilumba za m'nyanja ya Aegean. Mwazaka, limafotokoza zaka 3000-1000. BC. e. Apa pali Minoan ndi Mycenaean chitukuko.

Nthawi ya Mibadwo ya Mdima amatchedwa "Homeric". Siteji yomalizayi amakhala ndi kuchepa kwa Minoan ndi chitukuko Mycenaean, komanso mapangidwe ndondomeko loyamba predpolisnyh. About nthawi imeneyi magwero nkomwe kuzitchula. Komanso, mu nthawi ya mdima amakhala ndi kuchepa kwa chikhalidwe, chuma ndi imfa ya kulemba.

Chachikale chinkawavuta nyengo - nthawi ya mapangidwe ndondomeko zikuluzikulu ndi kukula kwa dziko chawo. The VIII mu. BC. e. Great Greek kulamulira akuyamba. Nthawi imeneyi, Agiriki anakakhala pa kugombe la Mediterranean ndi Black Pacific. Pa chachikale chinkawavuta anawonjezera mitundu oyambirira luso chawo.

Chakale nyengo - ichi ndi heyday wa Greek mzinda-limati, chuma ndi chikhalidwe chawo. The V-IV CC. BC. e. pali mfundo "demokalase". Mu nthawi chakale pali lofunika kwambiri asilikali chochitika mu mbiri ya Greece - Greek-Persian ndi Peloponnesian nkhondo.

The nthawi imene ulamuliro anali yodziwika ndi anzake pafupi chikhalidwe Greek ndi East. Pa nthawi iyi, apo maluwa luso mu dziko Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Girisi zinachitika Greek chinakhalapo mpaka kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulamuliro wa Aroma mu Mediterranean.

Wotchuka mizinda ya Greece

Dziwani kuti Greece mu masiku amakedzana ali sunayambe boma logwirizana. Hellas - Dziko wopangidwa ndi malamulo ambiri. Kale, mfundo unkatchedwa mzinda boma. m'gawo lake m'gulu la mzinda ndi makolasi (Pamudzi zaulimi). Political mfundo kasamalidwe anali mu manja a National Assembly ndi Council. Mzinda wonse-limati anali osiyana ndi mawu a anthu ndi kukula kwa gawo.

The ndondomeko otchuka Greece wakale - ndi Athens ndi Sparta (Sparta).

• Athens - Greece ndi chopunthira cha demokalase. lamuloli moyo nzeru ena otchuka ndi odziŵa kulankhula pagulu, ngwazi za Greece, komanso amisiri wotchuka.
• Sparta - chitsanzo chapadera cha boma lolemera. Ntchito yaikulu ya malamulo anthu anali nkhondo. Apa ndi pamene chilango maziko ndi njira asilikali, amene ndiye ntchito Aleksandrom Makedonskim.

Culture of Ancient Greece

Zinathandiza kwambiri kwa chikhalidwe cha boma ankaimba nthano za ku Girisi. Aliyense dera la moyo la Agiriki anali pansi pa lingaliro ambiri a Umulungu. Dziwani kuti maziko a chipembedzo wakale Greek anali kwaiye mu nthawi Mycenaean. Limodzi ndi nthano ndi achipembedzo makhalidwe kumeneko - nsembe ndi mapwando a chipembedzo, limodzi ndi ululu.

Kuyambira nthano izo n'chogwirizana kwa wakale Greek kalembedwe mwambo, masewero, ndi nyimbo.

Mu Hellas mwachangu anayamba kukonzekera m'tauni ndipo analenga wokongola ensembles mapulani.

Ziwerengero odziwika bwino kwambiri ndi anthu otchuka a Greece

• Hippocrates - bambo wa mankhwala Western. Iye ndi amene anayambitsa maphunziro a zachipatala, amene kunathandiza yaikulu mankhwala akale.
• Phidias - mmodzi wa Osema wotchuka a nyengo ya zachikhalidwe. Iye ndi woyambitsa wa m'gulu la zinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri za dziko - fano la Olimpiki Zeus.
• Democritus - bambo wa sayansi yamakono, wotchuka Greek nzeru za anthu. Iye ankaona anayambitsa chiphunzitso atomiki - chiphunzitso kuti zinthu zakuthupi ndi lopangidwa ndi maatomu.
• Herodotus - bambo wa mbiri. Iye anaphunzira magwero ndi zochitika za nkhondo Agiriki ndi Persian. The chifukwa cha phunziroli anali wotchuka ntchito "History".
• Archimedes - Greek masamu, wasayansi ya zakuthambo.
• Pericles - ndi States kwambiri. Iye anapanga chopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha polis ku Atene.
• Plato - wafilosofi wotchuka wogwira. Iye ndi woyambitsa wa bungwe loyamba yophunzitsa Ulaya - Academy Plato ku Athens.
• Aristotle - mmodzi wa makolo a nzeru Western. zolemba zake kuphimba pafupifupi onse zinthu za anthu.

Mtengo wa chitukuko Greek kuti chitukuko cha chikhalidwe dziko

Hellas - Dziko amene anali kuchita yaikulu pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe dziko. Apa anabadwa mfundo monga "nzeru" ndi "demokalase", maziko a sayansi dziko. Chizindikiro cha dziko la Ahelene, mankhwala, mabungwe ogwira ntchito ndi anthu bwino bwanji tsogolo la mayiko ambiri European Western. dera aliyense luso zokhudzana ndi boma lalikulu, kaya ndi zisudzo, chosema kapena mabuku.