Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov: biography (chithunzi)

Mu dziko lathu ndi padziko lonse bwino dzina la cosmonaut Leonov. Alexei Leonov yoyamba m'mlengalenga anapanga kanema kujambula, kusiya spacecraft. M'nkhaniyi tiona ndidzakuwonetsa iwe momwe zinaliri ndi chifukwa chake kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union chifukwa kukhazikitsa chotero ntchito yooneka ngati yosavuta zokwanira. Komanso ndifotokoze chifukwa chake, chifukwa ntchito SERGEY Korolov anasankha. Wambiri Alekseya Leonova - ndi tsoka la munthu wamba Soviet wa banja kwambiri wamba.

ubwana

Alexei Leonov anabadwa mu 1934 m'mudzi Siberia wa Listvyanka, limene lili m'chigawo Kemerovo. banja lalikulu limene iye anali mwana chitatu, ankagwira ntchito wamba. The bambo, sitima zamagetsi ku Donbass, pambuyo Civil nkhondo, anasamukira ku Siberia kwa atate wake, agogo a wokayenda pamwezi m'tsogolo, ndipo ndinayamba kugwira ntchito ngati katswiri ziweto. Mayi anakakhala malo awa kale. Alekseya Leonova agogo anali ku ukapolo ku malo amenewa chifukwa chotenga mbali mu zochitika kunachitika cha 1905.

Atate wa cosmonaut tsogolo Arhip Leonov, munthu wanzeru ndiponso wogwira ntchito molimbika, chachititsa kuti apatsidwe ulemu mwa m'mudzimo ndipo anasankhidwa wapampando wa bungwe m'mudzi. The funde la kupondereza Sichinatsitsidwe alakwa ndi banja. Atate mu 1936 ndi kupondereza anthu, koma mu 1939, kubwezeretsa ufulu ndi chothetsera.

Za banja makolo ndi ubwana Alexei pang'ono amadziwika. Tikukhulupirira, iye adzasiya buku mwatsatanetsatane za Maulendo.

Mu 1938, mayi Alexei anasamukira ku Kemerovo. Pali atakula, iye anapita ku sukulu. grader Choyamba ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi.

Mu 1948 banja anasamukira ku kukhazikikamo latsopano, kumadzulo m'dera la Soviet Union. Kaliningrad anali kwawo kwa Alekseya Arhipovicha. Tam ndi banja moyo wake lero. Limodzi la mabwalo m'chigawo chapakati cha mzindawo ndi chipilala polemekeza ofufuza malo. Iwo anachokera ku msewu, atavala dzina cosmonaut Leonov.

Occupation - womenya woyendetsa

Chidwi pa nkhani lotnomu Alexei Leonov chiyani osadzuka mwangozi. mchimwene wake, Peter Arkhipovich, anali toolmaker, katswiri wamkulu mu ntchito zawo. Iye mofunitsitsa auzanso wake ndi Alesha.

Kuwonjezera luso Alexei Arkhipovich kuchita masewera. Iye ankachita nawo kuchinga, kupalasa njinga, nthungo ndi masewera othamanga. Iwo ali kukha. chidwi ndi chithunzi n'kukhala ngati talenti kwambiri.

Kaliningrad pandekha bwino Alekseem Arhipovichem, kumbukirani kuti iye anali munthu wopambana - sociable, othamanga, mokondwera ndi mtundu.

Woyamba airfield maphunziro Alexei Leonov ali mu Kremenchug, mu ndege sukulu. Kenako iye anaphunzira pa Apamwamba School Chuguyivske womenya woyendetsa, kenako, mu makumi asanu mochedwa, anawulukira pa nkhondowo ndege.

Gulu loyamba la opita

Sergei Korolev mosamala kwambiri kusankha ofuna kuuluka mu mlengalenga. The mbiri Alekseya Leonova kuwonjezera pa makhalidwe kwambiri za malo a utumiki ndi maphunziro abwino kwambiri othamanga wakhala ndi ndegeyo womenya ndege MiG-15bis mu kwambiri zinthu ndi injini ndayima kaye. Mu zaka zao za sikisite oyambirira anali anavomereza kuti choyamba, Gagarin, cosmonaut Corps, imene inali anthu makumi awiri.

Ndi spacewalk Alexei Leonov linakonzedwa mwangwiro. Kuwonjezera kumuwombera ake opita zina, mofanana woyenera ofuna. Izi Valery Bykovsky ndi Pavel Popovich, ndi Victor Gorbatenko, ndi Vladimir Komarov, ndi Ivan Anikeev, ndi ena. A okwana anthu 20. Mwaukadaulo, aliyense wa iwo anali kupirira vuto lililonse yoyerekeza. S. P. Korolov ndinaganizira Alexei Arkhipovich monga munthu amene angathe molondola kwambiri pofotokoza kuona malo. Ndipo anachita.

Ngakhale kuti kukonzekera spacewalk mobwerezabwereza ndi bwino ntchito pa nthaka, onse kupereka inatsimikizira zosatheka.

Maphunziro zinachitika mu zipinda zapadera, kumene yoyerekeza weightlessness. Malinga ndi thunthu la akalozera munthu, komanso kutenga nkhani mpweya kuthamanga mkati suti ndi zinkayembekezera yozungulira zinthu masuti anamanganso nyumba payokha uliwonse wokayenda pamwezi.

Molondola yesezera onse zinthu zachilendo kwa anthu a chilengedwe padziko lapansi mu zinthu zasayansi sikunali kotheka. Pachifukwa ichi, chombo zoyambirira poyera mosavuta.

zoona za ndege - ndi taboo kwa nzika za USSR

Kuchoka Leonov danga lotseguka Tingaone mu zopelekedwa ndi, womwenso zidutswa kuwatengera iwo kuti kamera. Izo zikuwoneka chidwi kwambiri chithunzi anajambula ndi iye. Ichi ndi chithunzi chenicheni cha ngalawa, ndipo wotsatira, suti ya, Alexei Leonov. chithunzi thunzi m'nkhani ino. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Soviet Union kuona kupenta izi zitha kusankha. Small chombo kukula poyerekeza ndi okwera ake awiri kuyang'ana osati zochititsa chidwi. Akakamizidwa kuyang'ana malo mpainiya monga anthu mtima kwambiri.

Tsatanetsatane wa zimene zinachitika pa nthawi Soviet anali chinsinsi. Anthu sayenera kuti anali kudziŵa za miscalculations kapena zolakwa za sayansi dziko ndi luso ungwiro.

The kupenta, chimene chimafotokoza Alexei Leonov, woyamba danga munthu ali ndi ufulu ndege, zimaoneka: miyeso sitimayo ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti n'kondivuta woyenera anthu awiri. Palibe malo ufulu. Inde, zochokera zolinga anapereka kwa chombo ndi nthawi anali mu ndege, ndipo sikunali koyenera.

The ndege yoyamba, zithunzi

Mu 1965, a m'mlengalenga Soviet "Voskhod-2" kupanga ndege padziko Lapansi. Cholinga anali kuyesa mwayi wa munthu ndi zipangizo analenga pansi kugwira ntchito mu zingalowe m'malo a. Adalira - Pavel Belyayev ndi Alexei Leonov.

zaka zitatu preflight lokonzekera, ndipo tsiku 1 yekha, maola 2, 2 Mphindi ndi masekondi 17 ndege, ndipo nthawi danga lotseguka - Mphindi 23 masekondi 41. Spacewalk Alekseya Leonova anali limodzi ndi distancing m'madzi pa mamita 5,35. Zinatha Mphindi 12 masekondi 9. wokayenda pamwezi anali olumikizidwa kwa chombo chingwe, okonzeka ndi mbedza ndi kuzungulira. ngowe Perestogivanie anathandiza kufikako kapena kuchoka spacecraft kuti kutalika ankafuna.

Ntchito yaikulu imene inali kuchita Alexei Leonov danga - ndi zithunzi ndi kamera ya kanema ndi mikrofotoapparat. Video mwangwiro mpaka kotheka pansi ndiye zamakono. Koma zithunzi ndi mikrofotoapparata, kuyikidwa mu kakang'ono, kukula kwa batani, zida kutsegula, analephera. Chifukwa mapindikidwe wa suti wokayenda pamwezi sanathe kunyamula pachingwecho, kuchita ntchito mabatani kamera, ndipo pneumatic kukhomerera thumba, omwe ayikidwa pa mapeto ake, yafika nthawi ya kuchoka kwa chipata. Iye anamugwira pa chidzenje chivundikirocho.

Kufulumira kwa spacesuit ndi

Spacesuit Alexei sanali wangwiro kwambiri. Iwo anayesedwa pa zotheka kusiyana pazipita pakati pa kunja ndi mkati kuthamanga, sipangakhalenso yoyerekeza Padziko Lapansi. Iye anali kutali kwambiri kuchokera chimene chikuchitika mu mlengalenga. Kuthamanga mkati suti ya - 600 mamilimita Hg. ndime kunja - 9 mm. Chifukwa, izo moti afika. Kodi si apulumuke zolimba nthiti ndi zomangira. Manja ndi mapazi salinso kufika kumapeto kwa manja ndi miyendo Pant. The suti wakhala unmanageable kapisozi, amene anasaina anthu osowa thandizo. Pavel Belyayev, woyendetsa anaona zimene zinali kuchitika ndi suti Leonova, koma sanathe kuthandiza chilichonse. Alexei Arkhipovich Akuti pafupifupi ola limodzi, iye amapuma mpweya koyera ndi asafe, amene ali pano mu mpweya kupuma ngalawa, nthawi ayenera kuyeretsa kwa magazi. Iye anaganiza kuthetsa kuthamanga mkati spacesuit lapansi. Ndi zoletsedwa malangizo, koma chimene aliyense sanamuona. Ngati asafe amakhalabe magazi, akanakhala yophika, ndi kuti imfa amatanthauza. Asafe sanali, ndi Alex Arkhipovich, kugwira ndi otstogivaya chingwe mbedza, anapanga kwa chitseko.

Acrobatics mu airlock

Kukula airlock zimaswa anali zosakwana miyeso lofunika wokayenda pamwezi, amene phewa m'lifupi yunifolomu mu akunja -. Masentimita 68 Monga khomo tidutse mkati, ndipo pachipata awiri - 1 m, sikutheka kutembenuka mu izo. Alexei Arkhipovich ikugwirizana ndi kusindikiza batten pansi hatches, izo zinayenera kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa zimaswa chivundikiro kapena kuchepetsa lodgement. Mwachidule kuwonjezera kukula kwa chombo sipanatenge zotheka. Pakuti kuteteza wa mkati pachipata kukula nayenso Alexei Leonov. Kupeza malo ndi kubwerera kwa chombo, akuyambira kwambiri zomveka njira mosamala azigwirizana ndi mobwerezabwereza ankachita pa simulators. Koma kuphunzira maphunziro awo, koma zenizeni alibe stinted pa zodabwitsa lapansi.

Cosmonaut analowa sunroof pansi, malinga zambiri ergonomic ndi mutu. Kuti batten pansi zimaswa anafunika atumiza thupi madigiri 180. Ntchito poona kukula ndi zikayamba wokayenda pamwezi arhitrudnaya pachipata. Alexei Arkhipovich ananena kuti zimachitika wake mlingo ndi mapeto a acrobatics ichi chinali 200 kumenyedwa pa mphindi, ndi thukuta mu maso ake azilandira mtsinje. Tsopano, tiyenera nadzawasankhula pachipata, ndipo inu mukhoza kubwerera kunyumba kwa Earth. Koma kunapezeka kuti wonyalanyaza.

Pambuyo kulekana kwa ngalawayo airlock anayamba atembenuza padziko nguli, ndi kuthamanga mkati anayamba kukula. Chombo akanangokhoza kuyang'ana zing'wenyeng'wenye. Lekani ndondomeko kunali kosatheka. Iwo kuchepetsa kutentha ndi chinyezi pa bolodi. Anzanu anapitiriza kukula. Mphamvu pang'ono - ndi sitima lidzawombedwa kuti molekyulu ndi. Panthawi ina, Alexei Leonov ndi Pavel Belyaev sakukhudzidwa - kaya chikomokere, kapena kugona. Kenako, pamene kuwerenga chida zithunzi, kunapezeka kuti kuthamanga mkati galimoto mmalo mwa atmospheres 160 anafika chilemba cha 920 mamilimita Hg, kenako inali zokha ndichepe.

chakuti chombo chidafika ola anatha malo amodzi kapena opunduka. mbali imodzi digiri +150 Celsius kutenthetsa dzuwa, ndi zina ziri mwa mthunzi, utakhazikika digiri -140. Chifukwa cha chombo chidali chatsekedwa ikudontha. Zokha wagwira ntchito mu akafuna malipiro a kutayikira wa oxygen. Pomaliza, kuthamanga wakhala kwambiri moti zikumangidwa mkati izibala. Anatsekera anachira ndi zida analandira chizindikiro wokwanira magazi kuthamanga owonjezera. The ndege mpweya kuchokera kunja mbali ya sitimayo ndinapereka zoyenda rotational.

Zinali kuletsa kasinthasintha, monga iwo amati, nkhani ya njira, kuti n'kosavuta. Patsogolo panali zambiri ntchito - ndegeyo.

odzichitira pawokha ankafika

Akukhulupirira kuti kudzachitika wolemera ndipo tidakocheza - njira zikuluzikulu pa kayendetsedwe ka spacecraft lapansi. "Voskhod-2" anakhala mu mawonekedwe a Buku. M'malo mfundo anakonza pa Kustanai anadzaloŵerera mu theka chisanu mita muffled ndi Ural nayonso 200 Km from Perm. History chopulumutsa chombo kuchokera nayonso ukapolo akuyenera mutu osiyana. Alexei Leonov ndi Pavel Belyaev anakhala masiku awiri, atakulungidwa mu khungu, khungu padziko lamkati la chombo, mukafunde ndi moto, ndi Alexei Arkhipovich pochita, kukokera pa zomangira za parachuti, kuti amamatira ku nsonga za m'nkhalango ndi. chakudya iwo anali - amaundana-zouma nyama, chocolate, masikono ndi tchizi ndi madzi chitumbuwa.

Pamene chombo anapeza, ndipo anali maola anayi pambuyo touchdown (ichi anathandiza yowala lalanje denga kilometre parachuti ndege amene adawona okhala m'midzi yapafupi), iwo anaponya malaya ofunda ndi chakudya, koma kuti ndi ndege ya, opulumutsa sakanakhoza. Pakuti achoke anali kukonza malo okhalapo a ndege. Odula brigade anafika ndi chainsaws ndipo chitakonzedwa kudula.

Mafano ndi chikhulupiriro

Alexei Leonov limanena kuti SERGEY Pavlovich Korolov, mlengi wa zombo Soviet danga, mlengi wa makampani danga sayansi ndi mafakitale, ndi cynic, pessimist ndi amanenera, kutenga moyo yalelo ndi kokha munthu yowawitsa kwa chombo chinali kuposa atate. Iye anali mulungu wawo.

Izo ziyenera ananena kuti Soviet spacecraft mawu a kudalirika ndi chitetezo anali kwambiri kuposa zombo mpikisano '- United States. Popeza dziko lathu wayamba osiyanasiyana malo pa kuphunzitsa flights ndipo anataya chombo zisanu, pamene Achimereka m'manda 17 chombo. Chifukwa mavuto athu - otchedwa chinthu anthu. Technology sanalephere ngakhale kamodzi.

Valentin Bondarenko anafa pa mayesero pa kukhazikika maganizo m'mikhalidwe aliko yekha. Izo zinachitika pa Institute of Medicine Azamlengalenga moto mu chipinda hyperbaric. Vladimir Komarov anaphedwa pamene chodzala - parachuti sanatsegule. Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov ndi Viktor Patsaev anaphedwa ndi depressurization m'chombo pa nthawi ya kubzala.

anaphonya ndege

The ndege chachiwiri Alekseya Leonova anali kuonedwa mu June 1961. Adalira inkakhala chombo atatu - Alekseya Leonova, Valery Kubasova ndi Peter Kolodin. Atatsala pang'ono inakonzedwa kuyamba tsiku bolodi kuchipatala anapeza Valery pang'ono kumathima mu mapapo. Anaganiza kutumiza adalira kubwerera. Pakuti kale, zinali tsoka: Peter konse anatera danga, ndi kuima-ins - yopuma mwayi. ndege pulogalamu chitachitidwa kwakukuru. Pa kachiwiri kulowa zinachitika vuto. Chombo molakwika anatsegula vavu wosindikiza.

chombo anapanga ankafika zofewa m'dera anakonza, koma sanathe kupulumutsa anthu. Zinali Viktor Patsaev, Vladislav Volkov ndi Georgy Dobrovolsky.

ndege yachiwiri

Aleksei Leonov danga anali wachiphamaso. The ndege yoyamba zinachitika mu March 1965. Danga lotseguka Alexei Leonov anatuluka kamodzi. anapeza - danga kuti moyo ndi ntchito.

Kachiwiri anapita uko mu July 1976. Ntchito mu kanjira unatenga masiku 5, maola 22, mphindi 30 masekondi 51. Inali ntchito padziko lonse. Cholinga - docking zigawo ndi umboni. Anaulukira ku malo Soviet "Soyuz 19" ndi Alexei Leonov ndi Valeriem Kubasovym ndi American "Apollo" ndi chombo atatu - Thomas Salima, Donald Slayton ndi Vance Brand.

talente zojambulajambula a

Chifukwa cha talente luso la wokayenda pamwezi anthu onse akhoza kuphunzira mmene dziko amaoneka ngati kunja m'mlengalenga, chifukwa pa nthawi zithunzi zinalembedwa ku malo okha mu utoto. Kufikira tsopano, chinapangidwira zithunzi kuti DNA ndi zina. Ichi ndi chifukwa ena kuposa padziko lapansi Optics chikalata, mtundu wa kufala kwa kuwala kuwala, refraction wina.

Wapadera chithunzicho Alekseya Leonova chakuti iye anali pa nsalu zokha ayi wake mwandondomeko zomangamanga chinaonekeranso mbali luso luso danga ndi suti wokayenda pamwezi. Kuyang'ana zakuthwa zojambulajambula, anatsimikiza zimene mitundu alipo mu sipekitiramu wa mitunda dziko.

Alexei Arkhipovich nawo chilengedwe cha masitampa pa mutu wa mlengalenga. Aliyense wa iwo - ndi zam'tsogolo za kufufuza malo. Iwo chidwi kwambiri kuganizira. Tiyang'ane chithunzi. Alekseya Leonova zikhoza kuganiziridwa ndi realist, amatha kulosera za m'tsogolo, chifukwa cha zimene iye ankaimira, sinali zaka zimenezo.

Moyo Padziko Lapansi

Alexei Arkhipovich kawiri anatera danga. Iye anali kupereka awiri nyenyezi Hero wa Soviet Union, dongosolo la Lenin ndi Red Star ndi mendulo ya dziko lathu ndi kunja, iye ndi nzika aulemu makumi mizinda ya ku Russia ndi achilendo.

A Chigwa mwezi dzina lake, komanso dziko la kuwundana Libra.

Alexei Leonov, Major General Aviation malo, anadzipereka moyo wake kwa chilengedwe ndi. Iye maphunziro Air Force Engineering Academy. N. E. Zhukovskogo, kuphatikizapo kumadera osiyanasiyana akamaliza maphunziro. Alexei Arkhipovich nthawi yaitali chinkhoswe mu maphunziro a chombo ndi danga zida kamangidwe. Iye ali ndi kafukufuku m'munda wa masomphenya kuzindikira makhalidwe mtundu ndi kuwala pambuyo malo othawirako, malo ndi nthawi kuzindikira mu mlengalenga, mavuto maganizo a ndege interplanetary, komanso ena a sayansi ndi experimental ntchito.

Iye ali pabanja ndipo ali ndi mwana wamkazi mmodzi ndi ana awiri.

Chiyambi cha lachitatu Zakachikwi

Panopa cosmonaut Leonov Aleksey Arhipovich amakhala ku Moscow. M'mbuyomu, mu 2014, chaka cha ku Russia Pulezidenti Vladimir Putin kupereka iye Order "Pakuti Inagwira» III digiri. Choncho zinali zodzaza ndi chikumbutso kwa wokayenda pamwezi octogenarian, amene moyo wake wonse kwambiri ntchito kuberekana kwa ubwino wa kwawo. Iye nthawi zonse m'maganizo mwathu ngati munthu amene anapanga zopereka zikuluzikulu kufufuza malo ndi sayansi, ndipo monga wojambula, kusonyeza anthu dziko kunja m'mlengalenga. Umunthu, chitsanzo cha zomwe ndi zotheka komanso zofunikira kuphunzitsa achinyamata - Ndithu Alexei Leonov. yonena wake ndi amazipanga chidwi. malo ake epic angapezeke mu Buku A. S. Eliseeva "Moyo - dontho m'nyanja." Pa komanso ndi mabuku angapo anajambula.