Mwachidule yonena Ahmatovoy Anny Andreevny

Anna Andreevna Ahmatova, akulu Russian ndakatulo, anabadwa June 11, 1889. Adzabadwira mumzinda wa Odessa, komwe bambo ake, otengera kwa makolo fuko lomveka Gorenko AA, anagwira ntchito yokonza makina. mayi ake, IE Stogova, anali wachibale wa woyamba Russian ndakatulo kumvutitsa Buninoy. Maternally Akhmatova anali Tartar kholo Akhmad Khan, m'malo ake, ndipo iye anapanga dzina.

ubwana

Mwachidule yonena Akhmatova limanena za nthawi imene anali ndi chaka chimodzi anam'tengera Tsarskoye Selo. Apo iye anakhala mpaka zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mwa kukumbukira oyambirira iye nthawi yokondwerera zazikulu wobiriwira paki, mjaha ndi akavalo yaing'ono zokongola, siteshoni akale. Akhmatova anakhala miyezi yotentha m'mphepete mwa Bay Musketeers, pafupi Sevastopol. Iye anali chidwi kwambiri. Posakhalitsa ndinaphunzira kuwerenga mu zilembo Lva Tolstogo. Ndimamvetsera bwinobwino pamene mphunzitsi ankachita nawo French ndi ana okulirapo, ndi zaka zisanu, akhoza kulankhula yokha. Wambiri ndi zilandiridwenso Akhmatova kwa nthawi yoyamba zogwirizana, pamene iye anali usinkhu wa zaka khumi zokha. Pamsinkhu uwu, iye analemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba. Iye anaphunzitsa mtsikana Tsarskoye Selo sukulu. Poyamba, chinapatsidwa movutikira. Komabe, posakhalitsa zinthu anapita bwino.

achinyamata

Mwachidule yonena Akhmatova ayenera Sakuyimila chakuti mayi ake mu 1905, iye banja lake mwamuna wake ndipo adagwidwa ndi mwana wakeyo Yevpatoria, ndi ku Kiev. N'kumene Anna anakawagoneka Fundukleyev sukulu, ndipo pambuyo pa mapeto a maphunziro apamwamba Akazi, pa mphamvu ya Chilamulo. nthawi yonseyi iwo ankakonda mabuku ndi mbiri.

Nikolay Gumilyov

Ndi Nikolaem Gumilevym Anna anakumana adakali wamng'ono kwambiri, ndipo zinali khumi ndi zinayi. Spunky akachite Anagwa mchikondi ndi Akhmatova wokongola. Chikondi angatchedwe osauka, pakuti iye anapanga manja ake wokonda sakhala pomwepo. Kangapo anapanga ake ndi makampani ndi zinakanitsitsa. Izo zinali kokha mu 1909, Akhmatova akuvomereza. Anali okwatira April 25, 1910. Mwachidule yonena Akhmatova sangamvetse kuonetsa tsoka ndi chiyembekezo ichi ukwati. Nicholas anagwira mkazi wake ndi manja ake, kulemekezedwa ndipo chisamaliro zachilengedwe. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo zambiri Ine ndi chibwenzi kumbali. Mu 1912, iye anagwa mchikondi moona wamng'ono mwana wa Masha Kuzmina-Karavayev. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Akhmatova anali wagwetsedwa kuchokera pedestal ake. Chotero kuti zimene iye sakanakhoza kupirira, choncho anaganiza kutenga sitepe wosimidwa. Mu chaka chomwecho anabereka mwana wamwamuna. Mosiyana ndi ziyembekezo lake, mwamuna wake anatenga chochitika ozizira kwambiri ndipo anapitiriza kusintha.

chilengedwe

Mu 1911 Akhmatova anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Mu mzinda uwu Akhmatova Museum adzatsegulidwa ina. Apa iye anakumana ndi Bloc ndi inafalitsidwa koyamba pansi pseudonym wake. Kutchuka ndi kuzindikira anabwera kwa iye mu 1912 pambuyo amasulidwe magulu ndakatulo, "Madzulo." Mu 1914, iye anamasulidwa magulu "bwino" ndipo kenako mu 1917 - "White Nkhosa". malo kwambiri iwo ndi mtundu wa ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo ya kunyumba Akhmatova chikondi.

moyo

Mu 1914, Akhmatova mwamuna Gumilyov amapita kutsogolo. Ambiri nthawi yake yaikulu mu malo Gumilyovs Slepnevo m'chigawo lina la Tver. Mwachidule yonena Akhmatova akuti wosonyeza kuti pa zaka zinayi iye wosiya mwamuna wake n'kukwatira kachiwiri Shileiko ndakatulo VK Mu 1921 anali Kuzipeka mlandu Gumilyov, ndipo mlandu okhudzidwa mu ciwembu zisinthe, mofanana iye anawomberedwa. Posachedwapa, mu 1922, Akhmatova akuswa ndi mwamuna wake wachiwiri ndi zingwe chibwenzi ndi Punin, amene anamangidwa katatu. Moyo wa poetess anali zovuta ndi chisoni. mwana wake ndiwotani Lev m'ndende kwa zaka zoposa 10.

Zokwera ndi zotsika

Mu 1921, mu October ndi April, Anna ali anamasulidwa zopereka awiri, omwe anali omaliza pamaso pa mtunda wautali wa kufufuza yoyang'anira ndakatulo. Mu makumi a, Akhmatova chinaperekedwa ku kutsutsa ankhanza, izo zimaleka yosindikiza. dzina lake sanatchulidwenso masamba a magazini ndi mabuku. Ndakatulo amakakamizidwa paumphawi. Kuyambira 1935 mpaka 1940, Akhmatova akugwira ntchito pa ntchito yake yotchuka "Requiem". ndime izi za dziko Akhmatova a anthu azivutika, anagonjetsa mitima ya anthu ambirimbiri. Mu ntchito iyi, izo zimanyezimiritsa ndi momvetsa chisoni a zikwi za akazi Russian amene amakakamizidwa kudikira kwa amuna awo m'ndende, kulera ana mwa umphawi. ndakatulo ake anali amazipanga pafupi ambiri. Ngakhale chiletso, amatikonda ndipo kuwerenga. Mu 1939, Stalin ananena zabwino za ntchito Akhmatova, ndipo anayamba kufalitsa izo kachiwiri. Koma poyamba, ndime anali kwambiri kupimidwa.

The Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo Anna Akhmatova (lalifupi yonena ayenera kusonyeza izi) ndi mu Leningrad. Posachedwapa mayiyu anapita ku Moscow, kenako anasamutsidwa kuti Tashkent, kumene ankakhala mpaka 1944. Zilibe kukhala opanda chidwi ndi kuchita bwino kwambiri kukhala makhalidwe a asilikali. Akhmatova anathandiza mu zipatala ndi analankhula ndi kungotchula pamaso pa molasidwa. Nthawi imeneyi, iye analemba ndakatulo wotchedwa "The lumbira", "mtima", "Ming'alu m'munda anakumba." Mu 1944, iye anabwerera imawonongeka Leningrad. kuganiza lowopsya zimene anaona, iye akunena nkhani "Zitatu Lilac."

nthawi unawonongedwa

1946 sikunapangitse Akhmatova chimwemwe, kapena mpumulo. Iye pamodzi ndi alembi ena anali kachiwiri pansi ndi kutsutsa aakulu. Iye anachotsedwa Soviet Writers, amene ankatanthauza kutha kwa buku lililonse. Chifukwa cha zonse anali msonkhano ndi British wolemba mbiri Berlin. Kwa nthawi yaitali tikugwira ntchito yomasulira Akhmatova. Pofuna kupulumutsa mwana m'ndende, Anna analemba ndakatulo kutamanda Stalin. Komabe, nsembe iyi anali osavomerezeka. Lev Gumilyov linatulutsidwa yekha mu 1956. Pofika kumapeto kwa moyo wa Anna Akhmatova anakwanitsa kuthetsa malamulo kukana ndi kubweretsa zilandiridwenso mbadwo watsopano. m'buku lake "Kuthamanga Time" linasindikizidwa mu 1965. Ankatha kutenga mphoto zolembalemba Ethno Taormina, ndi digiri ku Oxford University. March 5, 1966, kusunthira mtima anayi, Anna Akhmatova anafa. ndakatulo Russian anaikidwa m'manda pafupi Leningrad, pa Komarovskoe manda. Kukumbukira mkazi wamkulu uyu amasunga Akhmatova Museum. Iwo lili St. Petersburg, mu Sheremetev Palace.