Mbiri ya Yusupovs. Kutembereredwa kwa Yusupovs

Kumapeto kwa mfumukazi ya XIX CE Zinaida Nikolaevna Yusupova adalamulidwa ndi wojambula yemwe anali kutchuka ndi Serov. Momwemo, chithunzithunzi, chifukwa ankafuna zithunzi za anthu onse a m'banja lake.

Valentin Alexandrovich anali wotchuka chifukwa chodana naye kwambiri polemba "wolemera, wotchuka ndi wotchuka", koma anakonda mfumuyo ndi banja lake. Wojambulayo adanena kuti ngati onse olemera anali ofanana, ndiye kuti padziko lapansi sipadzakhala chisalungamo ndi chisangalalo. Mfumukaziyo inayankha mowawa kuti sizinali zonse zomwe zili m'moyo zomwe zimawerengedwa ndi ndalama. Tsoka, koma mbiri ya Yusupovs inali yophweka komanso yoopsya kuti inali ndi chifukwa chilichonse chokhumudwitsa.

Chiyambi cha mtundu

Chiyambi cha banja chinali chachikulu kwambiri. Ngakhale kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, pamene akuluakulu apamwamba a Ufumu wa Russia anali ndi ana ochuluka kuchokera kwa amalonda ndi opanga olemera, a Yusupovs sanali olemera okha, komanso ankalemekeza mtundu wawo, ankadziwa zambiri zokhudza mizu yawo yakale. M'zaka zimenezo, si aliyense amene angadzitamande ndi izi.

Choncho, mbiri ya banja la Yusupov imayamba ndi Khan wa Nogai Horde - Yusuf-Murza. Iye, podziwa bwino za ulemerero wa Ivan Woopsya, sanafune kukangana ndi a Russia. Pofuna kuyanjanitsa ndi woopsa, adatumiza ana ake ku khoti lake. Ivan adayamikira khalidwe ili: Olowa a Yusuf sadangokhala ndi midzi komanso mphatso zabwino, koma adakhalanso "olamulira onse a Tatar ku dziko la Russia kosatha." Kotero iwo adapeza dziko latsopano.

Choncho anawonekera Yusupovs (akalonga). Mbiri ya mabanja a ku Russia inathandizidwa ndi tsamba lina laulemerero. Mbuye wamkulu wa banjayo anamaliza molakwika.

Khan adadziwa bwino kuti ku Muscovy kutali ndi kunja kwake ana ake adzakhala abwino kwambiri. Ndiwo okha omwe anatha kuwoloka malire a dziko lawo lakale, monga atate wawo mwachinyengo anapha mbale wake. Mbiri ya banja la Yusupov imanena kuti anthu a mafukowa anakwiya kwambiri ndi nkhani yakuti ana a mwanayo amene anaphedwawo adalandira Orthodoxy, ndipo adafunsa mmodzi wa azinyala amphamvu kwambiri kuti atemberere mtundu wawo wonse. Zinali zoopsa.

Kutembereredwa kwa Amitundu

Sami Yusupov kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo kupita kumadzulo anadutsa mawu a temberero: "Ndipo asiyeni mmodzi yekha a iwo apulumuke mpaka ali ndi zaka 26. Ndipo zikhale choncho mpaka banja lonse litachepetsedwa kukhala mizu. " Zikhulupiriro zamatsenga ndizo zamatsenga, koma apa mawu a malembo okongola ameneŵa akwaniritsidwa mwachipembedzo. Ziribe kanthu amayi angati omwe ali ndi banja lino ali ndi ana, mpaka kwa odwala zaka 26 kapena kuposerapo, mmodzi wa iwo wakhala akukhalapo nthawi zonse.

Komabe, olemba mbiri amakono amanena kuti banjali mwina linali ndi matenda enaake. Chowonadi ndi chakuti "matemberero achibadwa a akalonga a Yusupovs" anayamba kudziwonetsera okha kutali ndi nthawi yomweyo, kotero kuti mwambowo suyankhula. Mwana mmodzi yekha anapulumuka pambuyo pa Boris Grigorievich (1696-1759). Mpaka nthawiyo, palibe chidziwitso pa ochepa olandira cholowa, chomwe chimalola munthu kutenga matenda obadwa nawo. Kukayikira uku kumatsimikiziridwa kuti zinali zabwino kwambiri kwa atsikana omwe ali m'banja - anali otheka kwambiri kukhala ndi moyo wachikulire.

Kuchokera apo, mutu uliwonse wa banja unali ndi mwana wamwamuna mmodzi yekha. Chifukwa cha ichi, m'kati mwa zaka zapakati pa XVIII-XIX, banja lathu linali pafupi kutha. Komabe, mkhalidwe womvetsa chisoni uwu unalinso ndi gawo labwino: mosiyana ndi mabanja ena apamwamba, omwe kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 adasokoneza kwambiri chuma chawo, a Yusupovs anali nazo zambiri kuposa zonse ndi ndalama.

Ubwino wa banja

Komabe, mavuto a jini sanakhudze moyo wabwino. Mwa kusintha kwa banja la Yusupov kunali "osauka" kwambiri kuposa a Romanovs okha. Ngakhale mbiri ya banja la Yusupov ikusonyeza momveka bwino kuti kwenikweni banja linali lolemera kwambiri kuposa banja lachifumu.

Malingana ndi chidziwitso cha boma, zidzukulu za Yusuf zomwe zinali ndi mahekitala 250,000, zinali ndi mafakitale, minda, misewu ndi malo ena opindulitsa. Chaka chilichonse, phindu la zonsezi liposa 15 miliyoni (!) Gold rubles, omwe amasamukira ku ndalama zamakono kuposa ma ruble 13 biliyoni pachaka.

Nyumba zapamwamba zomwe anali nazo zinasokoneza nsanje ngakhale pakati pa mabanja omwe makolo awo anali atakhalapo nthawi ya Rurik. Choncho, ku St. Petersburg malo ambiri anali ndi mipando, yomwe kale inali ya Marie Antoinette. Zina mwazinthu zawo zinali zojambula zofanana ndi Hermitage zomwe zingakhale zoyenera kulemekeza kuti zikhale nawo.

Mabokosi a akazi a m'banja la Yusupov anaika zodzikongoletsera, zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Mtengo wawo unali wodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ngale yamtengo wapatali "Pelegrin", yomwe Zinaida Nikolaevna imatha kuwonedwa muzojambula zonse, kamodzi kamodzi kanali korona wotchuka wa Spanish ndipo inali yokongola kwambiri ya Philip II mwiniwake.

Komabe, aliyense anali wosangalala ndi banja lawo, koma a Yusupovs sanasangalale nazo. Mbiri ya banja sizinali zoposa masiku osangalala.

Countess de Showo

Agogo a Zinaida Nikolaevna, Countess de Showau, mwinamwake ankakhala moyo wosangalatsa kwambiri (poyerekeza ndi amayi onse a m'banja). Icho chinachokera ku banja lakale ndi lolemekezeka la Naryshkin. Zinaida Ivanovna anatumizidwa kwa Boris Nikolayevich Yusupov ali wamng'ono kwambiri.

Iye anabala mwana wake wamwamuna wokalamba, mwana wamwamuna, ndipo kenako mwana wamkazi amene anamwalira panthawi yobereka. Pomwepo adadziwa kuti onse a Yusupovs anakumana ndi izi. Mbiri ya banjayo inakopeka kwambiri ndi mtsikanayo kuti adakanitsitsa kubereka: "Sindifuna kubereka anthu akufa."

Pa zovuta za moyo wa banja

Kwa mwamuna wake nthawi yomweyo adanena kuti anali womasuka kuthamangira abambo onse pabwalo, sakanatha kumukakamiza. Kotero iwo anakhala moyo mpaka 1849, pamene kalonga wakale sanafe. Mfumukazi pa nthawiyi siinali zaka makumi anai, choncho iye, monga tsopano ndi chizoloŵezi kuti adzifotokoze yekha, "amachoka pa zovuta zonse." M'zaka zimenezo, kunong'oneza za zochitika zake kunkaperekedwa mu ufumu wonse, kodi tinganene chiyani za Petersburg!

Koma chokhumudwitsa kwambiri chojambula chake chinali chokhumba kwambiri kwa mnyamata wa Narodovoltsi. Pamene adasungidwa m'ndende ya Shlisselburg, adaponya mipira yonse ndikumangirira, kufunafuna zowona ndi zabodza pofuna kuti wokondedwa wake athetse chigamulo cha ndende.

Mwamuna watsopano

M'zaka zimenezo ndi machimo ang'onoang'ono zinkatheka kutuluka kunja kwa dziko lakumwamba, koma Zinaida Ivanovna anali ndi chisoni: pambuyo pa Yusupovs onse! Nkhani yosangalatsa inali nayo, koma kwa nthawi yaitali iyo inkayikiridwa kuti mapiri a Princessyo adatha. Zomwe adazichita mwadzidzidzi zinatha, mkaziyo anakhala nthawi yochuluka. Kenaka amakumana ndi wachimuna wokongola, wobadwa bwino, koma wowonongedwa kwathunthu wa Chifalansa, amayamba m'chikondi ndipo amachoka ku Russia kosatha. Iye anakana "dzina lotembereredwa" ndipo anakhala Countess de Chauvo, Marquise de Serre.

Kupeza kodabwitsa

Aliyense waiwala za nkhani yachilendo ndi yopusa, koma kenako kusintha kunayamba. Mabolshevik ankadziŵa bwino chuma cha banja, chifukwa temberero la banja la akalonga Yusupov, ngakhale ku Moscow, linamveka ndi aliyense. Iwo amaganiza kuti "burzhuyka wopenga" iyenera kuti inadula miyala yawo yamtengo wapatali kwinakwake ku Liteiny Prospekt, kotero iwo anaphwanya malo ake onse mulimita. Anapeza zovuta kwambiri kuti apeze: Anapeza chipinda chobisika, chitseko chimene chinawonongeka.

Panali bokosi m'chipindamo, momwe thupi la mtembo wodzozedwa linapuma. Mutha kuganiza kuti njira yothetsera Narodovoltsa ikupezeka. Mwinamwake, wowerengekayo sankatha kupeza ndondomeko ya chigamulo, ndipo chotero anayamba kuyimba. Pokhapokha atagula thupi la wokondedwa wake amene anamwalira, adakwanitsa kutontholetsa.

Zinaida Ivanovna, monga tanena kale, anali mwana yekhayo. Nicholas Borisovich Yusupov yekha anali ndi ana atatu panthaŵi imodzi. Mwana wamwamuna wamkulu anali Boris. Panali ana awiri aakazi - Zinaida ndi Tatiana. Palibe yemwe anadabwa kuti Boris ali wamng'ono anafa ndi chiwopsezo chofiira. Makolo analimbikitsidwa kokha chifukwa chakuti ana awo aakazi anali okongola komanso anali athanzi. Zinali mu 1878 pamene Zinaida anali ndi vuto.

Vuto latsopano

Banja limakhala mu chuma chawo cha Arkhangelsk kuti autumn. Nikolai Borisovich, pokhala akuchita utumiki nthawi zonse, anabwera kunyumba kwa kanthawi komanso kwa kanthawi kochepa. Tatiana ankakonda kuwerenga, ndipo Zinaida ankakonda kukwera pamahatchi ataliatali. Kamodzi atapweteka mwendo wake. Vutoli linali laling'ono ndipo silinawonongeke, koma madzulo mtsikanayo anali ndi malungo.

Dokotala Botkin, mwamsangamsanga anaitanira ku malowa, anapeza chitsimikizo chokhumudwitsa. Kutenga mwazi m'masiku amenewo kunathera kokha ndi imfa. Pofika m'mawa, Zinaida sanamve kutenthedwa, adayamba kusadziwa. Zinkawoneka kuti banja la akalonga Yusupov lidzasokonekera mwamsanga.

John wa Kronstadt: chodabwitsa

Pambuyo pake, Zinaida anakumbukira kuti mudziko lachilendo ndi losakhazikika lomwe linasiyanitsa zenizeni ndi maloto, adawona masomphenya a St. John wa Kronstadt, omwe banja lake linali kale mabwenzi ake. Pamene mwadzidzidzi adadziwanso, bambo wachikulireyo adaitanidwa mwamsanga ku malo. Anamupempherera, ndipo mtsikanayo mwamsanga anachira. Koma nkhani yomvetsa chisoni ya banja lachifumu la Yusupovs siidathe pomwepo. Pa 22, Tatiana anamwalira ndi chikuku.

Kupitiriza kwa mtundu

N'zosadabwitsa kuti kalonga wakale anali wofunitsitsa kukwatira mwana wake wamkazi. Zinaida Nikolaevna ndiye anakumbukira kuti bambo, amene panthawiyo adadwala kwambiri, adawopa kwambiri kuti sadzapulumuka mpaka nthawi ya zidzukulu zikuoneka.

Pasanapite nthawi munthu wogwira ntchitoyo anapezeka. Mkulu wachinyamata Yusupov anakwatiwa ndi bwanamkubwa wa ku Bulgaria, dzina lake Battenberg, yemwe anali wachibale weniweni wa banja lachifumu. Kumeneko kwa kalonga anali mnyamata wodzichepetsa dzina lake Felix Elston, yemwe anali ndi udindo wopereka mkwatibwi kwa mkwatibwi. Ndiyeno apo panali bingu. Felix ndi Zinaida adakondana kwenikweni poyang'ana poyamba, ndipo malingaliro awo anali ogwirizana. Pasanapite nthawi wamng'ono uja.

Poyamba, Nikolai Borisovich anafooka chifukwa cha chisankho choopsa cha mwana wake wamkazi, koma sadayesere kutsutsana naye yekha. Chaka chotsatira, banja lina lachinyamata anabadwira mwana woyamba kubadwa, yemwe amalemekeza agogo ake aamuna dzina lake Nikolai.

Kusokonezeka kwatsopano

Mnyamatayu anali wosungika kwambiri komanso wosagwirizana, mfumuyo inayesa moyo wake wonse kuti imubweretse pafupi naye, koma sanachite bwino kwambiri. Pa Khirisimasi 1887, mnyamata wamng'ono wokhala ndi chipsinjo chachisanu anauza mayi ake kuti: "Sindikufuna kuti mukhale ndi ana ena." Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, mmodzi wa iwo adamuuza kuti Yusupovs anali banja lotembereredwa. Mkazi wopusa anathamangitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Zinaida, yemwe panthawiyo anali kuyembekezera kubadwa kwa mwana wake wachiwiri, ankaopa kuganiza momwe mkulu wake adzakumane naye.

Poyamba zonse zinasonyeza kuti mnyamatayo amadana ndi mchimwene wake Felix. Pokhapokha atagunda zaka 10, anayamba kulankhula bwinobwino. Koma anthu onse amasiku ano adanena kuti mgwirizano pakati pa akalonga awiriwo unali wofanana ndi ubwenzi weniweni, koma osati chikondi cha abale. Kotero mbiriyakale ya Yusupovs inapitirira. Zokambirana za temberero loopsya lomwe linapachikidwa pa banja lawo, pang'onopang'ono linafika ponseponse. Koma apa panabwera 1908.

Imfa ya Nicholas

Nikolai adagwa mutu pachikondi ndi Maria Heyden, yemwe anali atakwatirana ndi Arvid Manteuffel, ndipo ukwatiwo unachitika, pamene anyamatawo ankakondana.

Ngakhale kulimbikitsidwa kwakukulu kwa abwenzi onse, Nicholas wotembereredwa anapita kwa iwo nthawi yachisanu. Dubulo linali chabe nthawi. Linachitika pa June 22, 1908. Nikolai anamwalira patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi asanabadwe. Makolo ambiri anali atakwiya ndikumva chisoni, ndipo kuyambira tsopano maganizo awo onse anali atauzidwa ndi mtsikana Felix. Mwamwayi, izi zikuwoneka kuti: mnyamata wowonongeka anakhala "kerubi woonongeka", wadyera komanso wosazindikira.

Komabe, vuto silinali mu izi, koma mwachinyengo chake chopambana. Mu 1919 banja linanyamuka kuchoka ku Russia, likukhala ndi ndalama zokwanira. Felix anagula ma pasipoti a ku France kwa mabanja ake onse, ndipo anagula nyumba ku Bois de Boulogne. Tsoka, koma kalonga sanasiye moyo waufulu umene anatsogolera kudziko lakwawo. Chifukwa chake, mkazi wake ndi mwana wake Irina anaikidwa m'manda a Zinaida Nikolaevna. Ndalama za maliro sizinali. Ndodo inachoka kwathunthu.