Zitsanzo za mwadzidzidzi. Chivomezi, mphepo yamkuntho, chigumula

Zitsanzo za zochitika mwadzidzidzi mobwerezabwereza anasonyeza kuti zochitika zachilengedwe kungachititse kuti tsoka. Mphamvu ya ngozi zachilengedwe zambiri zowononga ndipo kumayambitsa mavuto aakulu negative. Chaka chilichonse, asayansi okhudza 1 miliyoni a Phokoso zivomerezi ndi microseismic a dziko lapansi. Pafupifupi 100 iwo amaonekera kwa anthu, 1000 kuchititsa kuwonongeka lalikulu. Kodi sitichedwa Phokoso zivomerezi: Mediterranean dera kum'mwera Europe ndi ku Asia ku Portugal chakumadzulo m'dera kum'mawa kwa Chimaleya Archipelago ndi malo Pacific, umene wazunguliridwa ndi Pacific Ocean. Izi zikuphatikizapo mapiri: Andes Cordillera, Crimea, Himalaya, ndi Caucasus, ndi Carpathians, ndi Apennines ndi Alps.

chivomezi chimaonekera pa 12 kufika pamlingo wa seismology. Ofooka Kankhani chili ngati ina. Aliyense mphambu latsopano zikutanthauza kuti wina kukankha nthawi 10 kuposa amene m'mbuyomu. Ambiri zivomezi zokopa analembedwa mu 1906 ku California (USA) - Mfundo 10, mu 1923 Japan - mfundo oposa 10. Anafa, pali anthu pafupifupi 150 zikwi. Mu 1928, anakhudzidwa ndi inagwedezeka mu mfundo 8 Spitak. Mzindawu inawonongedwa, anthu anali anthu oposa 25 zikwi. Akatswiri pa chiwerengero ndi mphamvu ya zivomezi ankaona Chile ndi Japan.

Asayansi apeza zoposa 1000 Phokoso lapadziko pa chaka m'mayikowa. The inagwedezeka amphamvu padziko lapansi kuoneka pafupi zilumba Japanese Suruga ndi Sagami. kusinthasintha ofooka anati mu Niigata. m'deralo ali amakonda izi zimene kwambiri nkhawa. City akukumana imfa chachikulu: kugwa signboards ndi modekha akugwedeza nyumba.

Chivomezi ku Japan

A chivomezi chachikulu mu Japan, pali pamalo oonekera. M'nthaka, ming'alu padziko. M'kupita kwa nthawi, iwo anakhala onse, nthaka ndi akulimbana, ngati pa tcheru. Ngati kunjenjemerako ndi amazipanga yogwira, dziko kwenikweni molakwika jerks wavy.

zodabwitsazi zingaoneke mu Japan (1923) mu South chotchedwa Kanto. mfundo chivomezi anali pansi pa Sagami Bay. Pa gombe lake zawonongedwa pafupifupi onse nyumba. Asayansi akukhulupirira chivomezi ku Japan, ochuluka kwambiri kuposa onse.

M'mizinda ya Yokohama ndi Tokyo analamulira mantha. Mu likulu la Japan anapha anthu 6000. The moto zotsatira anawononga pafupifupi mzinda wonse. kusinthasintha amphamvu zinachitika mu theka lachiwiri la tsiku.

Pasanapite nthawi, paliponse panali moto moto. Gusty mphepo ananyamula moto kulikonse. Ena matumba a moto, zosanganizikirana ndi mzake, ndipo posakhalitsa kale moto kuchokera kumbali zonse. Anthu anali kuthamanga kulikonse kuthawa moto. Choncho, pamene chivomerezi izi zawo zinawonongeka miliyoni 3.5 anthu Japanese ndi 150 000 anafa. Japan ali ndi vuto zoopsa, lomwe nthawi 5 kuposa ndalama za dziko mu Chirasha Japanese nkhondo.

mapiri

Asayansi inati pafupifupi zikwi za mapiri yogwira. Pakatha zaka 2 kwa mapiri alipo anawonjezera atsopano atatu. Ndi sizimadziwika ndi chodabwitsa chodabwitsa! Malinga ndi asayansi, mapiri zinaoneka koyamba pa dziko 4 biliyoni zapitazo.

Phiri wamkulu ili mu Ukraine. Dzina la Kara-Dag. Kuphulika mphamvu izi zinachitika 150 miliyoni zapitazo. Pa nthawi, Kara-Dag si zoopsa, Sikutheka ndi zoti ena Anzawo wotchuka.

Krakatau kuphulika lili Indonesia ndi Sunda Khwalala. Lowopsya kuphulika kwa matumbo mwa phiri padali 1883. Iwo analemba kuti nthawi imeneyi yoweyula mantha anazungulira phiri lonse nthawi 7 ndipo anamupangitsa chimphona madzi osefukira kuti anafika kutalika mamita 30! Chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi za midzi 300 ndi midzi anawonongedwa.

Anthu anali kwenikweni watentha mtambo wamoto mpweya ejected mwa phiri. Istria sayansi kuphulika kwa Krakatoa ndi wamphamvu kwambiri. Mphamvu ya mphamvu zake mu nthawi 200 zikwi kuposa kuphulika nyukiliya amene adawononga Hiroshima!

chiwonongeko choopsa cha Krakatau anawononga yokha, koma mu 1927, akatswiri anapeza kuphulika latsopano. Indonesia nampatsa dzina a Anaki Krakatau, lomwe limatanthauza "Mwana wa Krakatoa". Chaka chilichonse, phiri wamng'ono zimawonjezera kukula mamita 3 mpaka 7.

Momuzungulira palibe Pamudzi. Zitsanzo za mwadzidzidzi kuti kukakamiza boma la Indonesia zoika kuletsedwa kwa malo okhala a anthu pafupi phiri. Koma malo lenilenilo amapindula nalo! M'dera lino zikupezeka mimbulu wofiira, nguluwe, ndimitambo nyalugwe ndi wotsiriza yosala dziko Yavani Chipembere.

Vesuvius

kuphulika ili mu Italy. Palibe nkomwe munthu amene sanamve za Vesuvius. Mphamvu ya kuphulika anawononga Pompeii, osati mzinda wa Stabiae ndi Hekuleniya.

Kwa nthawi yaitali phiri ankaona chete kugona kuphulika. Koma mu '79, pamene mtundu Italy anali pokonzekera kumenyana omenyana, mtambo zaoneka kudzulu. Izo zidakula mu maso ake, tulo phulusa onse. Pomaliza, pamaso dzuwa mbisoweka ndi panali mdima moopsa.

Pompeii mbisoweka pansi atatu mita wosanjikiza phulusa. nkhani iyi yovuta wauzidwa ndi ndakatulo ndi moyo imeneyi ndi ojambula zithunzi. Mzinda wakale amakopeka pa 3 miliyoni alendo chaka.

kuphulika 2014

M'chilimwe oyambirira, akatswiri analemba ntchito zivomerezi mu malo Bárðarbunga. Komabe, kutha kwa chilimwe kuphulika anapanga anthu anayamba kudandaula kwambiri. The tokhala woyamba ndi ofufuza wolembedwa ntchito kwa chiphalaphala mu Zithunzi kuti: "Kuphulika, 2014 August 18". Boma Iceland, nkhawa za limatsogolera madzi oundana ndi oletsedwa msewu mnozhestno njira. Achoke wa m'deralo anayamba kutulutsa 20 August 2014. Alendo amene anapita Iceland, nayenso, anakakamizika kubwerera kwawo. Kuphulika Bárðarbunga chinakhalapo mpaka October 2014.

moto

Zitsanzo za mwadzidzidzi kusonyeza kuti mwamsanga pamene anthu aphunzira angamange nyumba zomangidwa ndi mtengo ndi chochuluka zipangizo flammable, moto anayamba kutuluka. Mmodzi wa moto yowononga zinachitika mu mzinda wa Boston (1872).

Openga moto wachititsa yaikulu kuwononga ndalama kwa anthu a m'deralo. Chifukwa chakuti panali moto, ndi zochitika mwadzidzidzi wakumanitsa zikwi m'deralo kwawo. Mazana a makampani ndi ambiri makampani zinatha inshuwalansi anawonongedwa.

A mndandanda wa zolakwika ndi kusamvetsetsana zachititsa kuti zimene kutentha nyumba 766 ndipo anthu 20 mwa mzindawo. Mwachitsanzo, poyamba analengeza dongosolo lanu wakhala olumala. Izi zinachitika chifukwa malipoti pafupipafupi onyenga. Mwamwayi, ngakhale zomvetsa ochulukaŵa nthawi (madola 70 miliyoni), Boston anatha onani patapita zaka 2.

London linali kuyaka mu 1212. The moto inapha anthu 3,000, pafupifupi hafu ya mzindawo unali mwa bwinja. Izi si moto yoyamba m'mbiri ya London. Isanafike tsoka moto mu 1130 ndi 1135, motero. mzinda waukulu uwu anatentha nthawi 6. Moto waukulu ndi amene anachitika 1666. Pamoto anapha anthu asanu, koma moto anachititsa zinthu kuwononga kwambiri London, kuononga nyumba kuposa 13.200 ndi mipingo 80.

Chinthu chokha chimene anapanga moto dzuwa - anawononga zauve nyumba zauve kugwirizana ndi Great Mliri. Mtundu uwu wa kuyeretsa anathandiza London kenako anabwerera kwawo atatha moto m'madera kale kutsukidwa. Wina moto zokopa mu mzinda wa Rome chinachitika mu 1964.

Moto Rome ndipo osati

Nthano za tsoka moto kupita ku tsiku lino. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi kuti Mfumu Nero mwadala anaganiza kuti akampereke Rome lawi kuyeretsa malo kumanga nyumba yake m'tsogolo. Koma Baibulo si ndi umboni, choncho anakhalabe pa mlingo wa nkhambakamwa. Ngakhale pambuyo Mfumu kwenikweni anamangidwira pa bwinja la nyumba wolemera, koma patatha zaka zochepa mphamvu zake anakana.

Malinga ndi mabuku a mbiri yakale, malawi m'kati mwa Rome chifukwa masiku 5. Olemba mbiri zopanda wina mizinda 8 kudziwika dziko katasroficheskimi moto! Chicago ili (1871) San Francisco (1906), Peshtigo (1871), Texas City (1967), Halifax (1917), Tokyo (1923). Makamaka ndi masoka achilengedwe Tokyoites.

Mzindawu imodzi anaukira ndi chivomezi chachikulu, ndiyeno anakapezeka zakutidwa moto. Gusty mphepo ananyamula moto mu madera osiyana. Anthu anayesa kuthawira kumidzi lotseguka, koma sanali kuwapulumutsa ku choipa ndi imfa.

Amadziwika kuti limodzi la mabwalo a mzinda mukuponderezedwa ku utsi ozungulira nyumba moto wa anthu oposa 35 zikwi. Anthu oposa 500,000 anataya, akufa Tokyo anthu anayesedwa 174.000. Opulumuka yaitali kumbukirani kufuula kuti: "Moto Emergency" moto osati zing'onozing'ono zinachitika mu Amsterdam (1421 1452 zaka), Moscow (1547 1812 zaka), Copenhagen (1728 1795 zaka).

Pa gawo la Russia pa zaka 3 moto olembedwa zomera mafakitale: mu Yekaterinburg (2012) prozoshlo moto pa chomera mipando, komanso pa Leningrad makina fakitale. Information za akufa ndi kuvulaza kumeneko.

Mu 2013, panali moto: pa ophika buledi ophika buledi mu dera Plasvkom Tula, pa thankiyo munda m'dera Irkutsk. Mu 2014, yawoyo mpweya osakaniza, kenako moto unabuka Omsk mbewu shopu. Mu February chaka chomwecho panali moto pa petrochemical mbewu "Stavrolen" mzinda wa Budennovsk. Kupha moto zinachitika pang'onopang'ono. Panapita masiku ochepa An mwadzidzidzi amakakamizidwa amadwala kuvulala ndi amayaka anthu 11..

Yamkuntho ndi Anthufe tikuvutika

masoka zachilengedwe akukhudzana zochitika nyengo mphepo. Yogwira cyclonic ntchito mu mlengalenga kumathandiza kuti Mphepo Anthufe tikuvutika ndi namondwe. Izi ndi zochitika zachilengedwe tinganene kuti mavuto ambirimbiri mpweya ndi mphamvu ena ndi zazikulu amadza chopopera kanthu anafotokoza. Photos wa mphepo ndi Anthufe tikuvutika bwino amatipatsa fano la chilombo champhamvu.

Pa gawo Russian mphepo za mkuntho zambiri mu Kuril Islands, Chukotka, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Khabarovsk zigawo Primorsky. Kawirikawiri, mphepo zimachitika m'dzinja ndi akhozanso kukopeka ndi snowfalls, matalala, kuvumba. Kupsinja mphepo amatha kukwaniritsa mapapo a nyumbayi, kuwononga nyumba olimba kuphwanyaphwanya ndi aphwasule mitengo ndi mizu.

Zitsanzo za mwadzidzidzi amakhulupirira kuti pamene mphepo yamkuntho ndi mphepo yamkuntho kwa anthu akufuna kuvulala kwambiri, kuvulala ngakhale imfa. Mmodzi wa mphepo yolimba kwambiri ndi amene linagwa mu 1780, chilumba cha Caribbean. Elemental mphepo anayenda mphamvu yake ku Newfoundland ku Barbados. Malinga ndi asayansi, mkuntho umenewu anapha anthu pafupifupi 22 chikwi. anthu oposa 600,000 anali zinawonongeka. Zisanu mita yoweyula mkuntho anagwetsa pafupifupi onse m'midzi. Pakuona anatchula kuti chinthu mpweya anali limodzi ndi mvula zosaneneka zimene kwenikweni anang'amba khungwa pa mitengo pamaso iwo kuwononga.

Science amadziwa mphepo yamkuntho wina ndi dzina labwino "Catherine". Iye anabadwa mu Bahamas mu 2005, iye anapezanso mphamvu natsanulira mkwiyo wake pa gombe American. aboma sanakonzekere chotero chitukuko mofulumira zochitika. Kopweteka mphepo yamkuntho ankanena moyo wa anthu 1836.

Mu Russia izo zinalembedwa mphepo yamkuntho mu Lublin, amene anagwa pa June 29, 1904. Mboni ananena kuti masana yotakata, munali mdima. Danga kumwamba mu kunachita mphezi. Chimake cha mphepo yamkuntho inayamba mu Lublin, ndiye ndinasamukira Simonov obisika, Rogozhsky m'dera mbafambafamba mbali ya Lefortovo, nalanda mbali zonse za Yauza. M'misewu chinachake sangaganize! Anthu anathawira kunyumba yake, Kuzinda zouluka pa iwo matabwa, njerwa, malata kuchokera padengapo. amphamvu mphepo zikumveka crackle, kuwani, kubangula mantha. mphepo yamkuntho zinachitika mphindi oposa awiri, koma mboni kwa choonetsedwa ichi kwa nthawi yaitali nawo maganizo awo olakwika. Makamaka chidwi ndi chakuti mmodzi wa m'misewu anawonongedwa ndi khoma lolimba mwala. Chachikulu olimba phesi anali opunduka atagona pa njira a.

chigumula

Long ndi lolemera mpweya mu mawonekedwe a yamvumbi kuyambitsa osefukira. Tikhoza kunena kuti kumadera amenewo chogwidwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu, mphepo yamkuntho, mphepo yamkuntho - osefukira mosalephera. Amaona kuti mafunde. Izi poyera mbali mwa nyanja. Zivomezi m'madzi ndi kuphulitsa mapiri kumachitika osefukira chifukwa cha mafunde tsunami.

Ndi chodabwitsa zachilengedwe kumachitika chifukwa limatsogolera mofulumira chisanu Mwachitsanzo, pa mitsinje ya kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Mu m'tsinde ndi zigwa za madzi osefukira lamapiri chifukwa breakouts intraglacial ndi nyanja kusiya.

Gulu la "chigumula chachikulu" amatanthauza St. Petersburg (1824). Pa nthawi ya tsoka madzi mu Neva Mtsinje anakonzeka 4.14-4.21 mamilimita pamwamba yachibadwa. Kupha anthu oposa 100. chigumula china chinachitika mu China (1931), akuwerengedwanso akufa anthu oposa 145 zikwi.

Mu 1938, zinthu madzi kachiwiri anakanthanso anthu Chinese. Pa gawo Russian osefukira aakulu kwambiri zinachitika ku Asia mu 2013. Iwo zimagawidwa monga "madzi osefukira achilengedwe."

Chifukwa cha ngozi anayamba madzi a mvula yamvula, chifukwa unasefukira a mtsinje amene anachititsa nyamuka kochuruka kwa madzi mu Amur. Tikumbukenso kuti mu chaka cha 2012, mtsinje mbisoweka pansi pa m'dambo yozizira zikusefukira. Malinga ndi kafukufuku ku osefukira bwanji anthu 80 sauzande, ndi kuwononga Ulimi pafupifupi 8.5 MAWP rubles.

malangizo

Choncho, ena ayamikira ayenera kuthandiza anthu ngati zachilengedwe bedstviya.Chelovek mwadzidzidzi ndi kulandira mantha, mwachifundo kuwerenga malamulo a makhalidwe pa nthawi ya tsoka.

Ngati inu amakodwa ndi chigumula, ndiye mwamsanga kukwera kwa mbewu chapamwamba, madenga ndi attics. Musaiwale kupereka chizindikiro cha masautso pepala kapena chopukutira usiku - tochi.

Ngati madzi osefukira sikukutanthauza loopsa kwambiri, asanabwerere kunyumba kwanu, aone ngati ali silamphamvu. Onetsetsani kuti ventilate malo kuchotsa anasonkhanitsa mpweya.

Chenjerani monga magetsi. Chinthu choyamba kukayendera kudalirika kwa Kulumikizana ndi mauthenga ena. Zonse zonyansa anabweretsa madzi tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa posachedwapa. Izi kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda. Ngati madzi m'patali ndipo ndi kuopseza, alonda kupulumutsidwa kuchoka anthu ku malo tsoka.

Ngati pali analengeza anthu mphepo yamkuntho, poyamba kwa mwamphamvu pafupi mazenera onse, zitseko ndi mipata chapamwamba. Pamene tikuyandikira mphepo (mphepo, mphepo yamkuntho), mwamuna ndi kofunika kupeza malo ogona otetezeka. Ndi bwino ngati mwina chipinda wamng'ono chipinda kapena chapansi.

Ziyenera kukhala monga momwe tingathere ndi khomo ndi zenera mipata. Chinthu chopambana - ndi kugona pansi ndi kuphimba mutu wanu ndi manja ake. Ngati munthu anaonekera pa masoka kuwukira mu galimoto pa njira, ndiye muyenera yomweyo kutuluka galimoto. chakuti pakhoza kukhala malo, ngalande ndi maenje sayenera kulowa anthu kakasi. Kodi kugona pansi ndipo amafuna kuteteza mutu wake ndi manja ake.

masoka achilengedwe, masoka achilengedwe - chodabwitsa kawirikawiri mu dziko lathu. Choncho, onse yovomereza kuti m'nyumba ya kuguba chikwama mwina pali analengeza: ". Emergency Alamu". The chikwama akhale zovala ofunda, kumwa madzi, thandizo zida ndi mankhwala, chakudya, makope a zikalata chizindikiritso, tochi ndi ndalama zochepa. Nthawi fufuzani alumali moyo zakudya ndi mankhwala.

Kuchenjezedwa - ndi forearmed

Uliwonse tsoka ali makhalidwe ake kuti: chikhalidwe cha kugonjetsedwa, ndi sikelo chiwonongeko, chiwerengero cha anthu amene anakhudzidwa. M'pofunikanso kudziwa zimayambitsa ndi chikhalidwe cha tsokalo. Pa khalidwe chanzeru am'deralo amalowerera kuchepetsa mitundu yonse zomvetsa.

Dongosolo boma la poyankha zinthu mwadzidzidzi, ananena kuti kulosera molondola za zikamera ndi kukula kwa masoka achilengedwe ndipo zablogovremennoe analengeza anthu - akadali vuto lalikulu. Ndipo tili kuntchito.

Mwadzidzidzi zinthu Payenera kukhala gulu la nyumba zonse zilipo. United zochita za boma ndi makonsolo, m'madipatimenti mwadzidzidzi molumikizana ndi woyenera kanthu anthu limachititsa zowawa kufa kuli anthu ndi imfa katundu. Likufanana ndi zimenezi, yabwino kwambiri ndi zoyezera za kuwonongedwa kwa ngozi ndi zotsatira zake.