Funso chizindikiro chinenero cha Chirasha, ntchito zake ndi kalembedwe

Aliyense amene amadziŵa bwino mabuku akale Russian akudziwa kuti iwo analenga yothandizira "script" mawu opanda malo, makamaka chifukwa chakuti analibe zopumira. Koma kumapeto kwa XV atumwi ku malemba anabwera mfundo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chamawa iyo panaoneka koma, ndipo ngakhale patapita masamba zolembedwa za "okhazikika wokhala" chizindikiro cha funso. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mpaka pa nsonga iyi udindo wake kwa kanthawi anachita ndi semicolon a. Zotsatirazi funso sanali wosakwiya kuoneka ndi mfundo modabwa.

Chizindikiro kunayamba mawu Latin quaestio, amene anamasuliridwa kuti "apeze yankho." Pakuti chifaniziro mbale ntchito zilembo Q ndi Inu, amene poyamba zitawonetseredwa pa kalata imodzi pamwamba pa ena. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chithunzi likutipatsa chizindikiro anapeza mtundu wa potelani wachisomo ndi mfundo pansi.

Kodi chizindikiro funso

Russian zilankhulo Fedor Buslaev amanena kuti zopumira (a sayansi ya zopumira) ali ndi zolinga ziwiri - kuthandiza munthu kuti bwino kufotokoza maganizo awo, kulekanitsa maganizo, komanso gawo la wina ndi mzake, ndi kufotokoza maganizo. zolinga izi, kwa ena, ndi chizindikiro cha funso.

Kumene, chinthu choyamba, kutanthauza kuti khalidwe - ndi funso. Mu kulankhula iye ananena intonation yoyenera, ndilo lotchedwa interrogative. chizindikiro china funso angatanthauze adzadabwitsa kapena kukaikira. Maganizo ndi chizindikiro cha funso zina kufotokoza mawu okuluwika, wotchedwa ndi funso losafuna. Iwo anafunsa osati ndi cholinga kufunsa, ndi kusonyeza chidwi, mkwiyo ndi ofanana ndi maganizo ndiponso kulimbikitsa womvera, owerenga kumvetsa chochitika chinachake. Yankho la funso losafuna kwapatsidwa mwa wolemba yekha. The kampani ndi funso modabwa mfundo limapereka tanthauzo chodabwitsa.

Kodi kuziyika izo, ngati kuli koyenera kuona nkhaniyi

Pa zimene mfundo mwatsatanetsatane mu Russian anaika chizindikiro funso? Chizindikiro zambiri pa mapeto, koma osati. Tikambirana nkhani iliyonse mwatsatanetsatane.

• Chilemba funso kumapeto kwa ndimavutika, kusonyeza funso. (Mwachitsanzo: Kodi mukuyang'ana chifukwa madzi akutembenukira kwa ayezi?)
• Chilemba funso ili mkati chiweruzo interrogative mu enumeration wa mamembala homogeneous. (Mwachitsanzo: Kodi mukufuna kuphika - soseji Turkey msuzi?)
• Chiganizo pawiri chizindikiro aikidwa pa mapeto ndipo kukachitika kuti tonse a ziwalo ndi funso, ngakhale ngati muli chabe gawo lotsiriza la mawuwo. (Mwachitsanzo: 1. Kodi ndidzapempha kudikira kuitanako, kapena posachedwapa adzakhala yanga 2. Iye anaseka mtima wonse, ndipo ndani amakana zimenezi nthabwala?)
• Mu ziganizo zovuta interrogative chizindikiro aikidwa pa mapeto:
  1. Pamene ikuphatikizapo mzera waukulu ndipo wamng'ono. (Mwachitsanzo: Kodi mukudziwa chimene chikuchitika mu yokopa anadabwa?)
  2. Pamene imapezeka mu mzera waukulu. (Mwachitsanzo: Kodi n'zotheka kuti sitikufuna pali mtendere?)
  3. Ngati nkhaniyo ndi kutha mzera wa wamng'ono. (Mwachitsanzo: malingaliro Zikusiyana molimba kunyozedwa iye zilonda chikumbumtima, ngakhale kaya ankatha kuchita chinachake kuthandiza mlongo wake?)
• M'chiganizo conjunctionless anaika chizindikiro funso kumapeto:
  1. Ngati funso lili mbali zonse. (Mwachitsanzo: Kodi ndipita komwe pogona, amene akanikiza kunja dzanja kugwirizana nane?)
  2. Ngati funso uli kokha gawo lotsiriza la izo. (Mwachitsanzo: Khalani womasuka ndi ine kotani Ndasiya moyo?)

Kodi kuika chizindikiro funso ngati mukufuna kufotokoza kukayika

Mu kusonyeza chikaiko, kukayikirana, mukukayikira funso chizindikiro aikidwa pakati pa bwana ndi kunena m'mabokosi: (?) Tumizani anthu ena yunifolomu, akaidi kapena ntchito nakhala mozungulira moto.

Pamene chilemba funso, inu simungakhoze kuwaika

Ziganizo lovuta limene phokoso Kumvetsela ngati funso yozungulira, funso osati kuika khalidwe. (Mwachitsanzo: I sanamuuze bwanji mukuwerenga bukhu ili.) Komabe, ngati chizindikiro funso mopambanitsa, maganizo ndi mafunso mozungulira akhoza korona chizindikiro ichi. (Chitsanzo: Ine sindingakhoze kumvetsa, kodi iwo vutoli kwambiri chidwi, ine kukhala miliyoneya)

tanthauzo lophiphiritsira

Nthawi zina kukayikira khalidwe otchulidwa mawu kuchokera cholinga chongoyerekezera, pofuna kufotokoza chinachake chachinsinsi, osakhoza ndi chobisika. Pankhaniyi, mawu akuti "funso chizindikiro" zikumveka ngati fanizo a. (Mwachitsanzo: zochitika zonse anakhala ine momveka bwino chinsinsi, chizindikiro cha funso, ena owala, koma loto zosokoneza.)

chizindikiro funso linatembunuka

Pali zinenero zimene chizindikiro amakhala "mozondoka." Mwachitsanzo, Greek ndi Old Church (ntchito Orthodox) olembedwa m'zinenero iye lumikizanani pansi mfundo oposa. Mu Spanish, ataima pa mapeto a interrogative chiganizo chizindikiro wodzilemekeza ndi ake Imatithandiza "mapasa." Potelani akukumana njira zina, iye chokongoletsedwa ndi malemba Arabic. Chadodolido chizindikiro funso n'kupereka chinenero mapulogalamu.