Flemish: mbiri ya chitukuko ndi makhalidwe

chilankhulo Flemish ntchito anthu mamiliyoni asanu amene amakhala m'dera la kumpoto kwa Belgium (mbali iyi akutchedwa Flanders), komanso 200 zikwi mu French dipatimenti Nord. Zimatanthauza nthambi German wa banja m'mayiko a ku Ulaya.

Amene amalankhula Flemish

Flemings zikugwirizana kwambiri anthu Dutch. Kuyambira nthawi ya ufumu wa Roma ndi atumwi khumi ndi chinayi, kenako kuthetsedwa pa m'gawo lake pano - gawo kumpoto kwa Belgium. Mpaka XVI m'ma Flemish pafupifupi osiyana Netherlands. Kusintha kudadza atatha kulekana kwa Holland ndi Belgium, wina dzikolo linalandira ufulu wodzilamulira ndipo anatengera Chiprotestanti, pamene m'dera la Akatolika ena ndiponso kulimbitsa ulamuliro wa boma lina. Choncho, m'zaka XVII-XVIII chinenero Flemish anakamba wosadalira, popanda alowererepo wa Dutch.

Mu 1830, Ufumu wa Belgium ufulu wodzilamulira. Popeza Flemings anayamba kusonyeza kusagwirizana kwawo ndi za Flemish chifukwa amaona ngati chilankhulo m'deralo. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa chinenero mabuku muyezo wakhala kugwirizana ndi mavuto ena, chifukwa olemera komanso ophunzira Flemings makamaka Chifalansa.

nkhani

Flemish chinenero kuphunzitsa amene ali kovuta, chifukwa ali kusiyana lalikulu mu kulemba ndi kulankhula, ali olemera ndi m'malo zovuta mbiri ya chitukuko. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX boma Belgium inkakhala umangokhala French olankhula Walloons. Kuyambira 1873, a Flemish ndi chinenero mu Belgium, pa mawu ofanana ndi French. Kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, pali kuchepa chitukuko cha kampani yopanga zitsulo ndi makampani malasha.

Zinthu zimenezi zakhala amayambitsidwa Flemish, umene panthawi imeneyo nkhani 55% ya anthu, kufuna kusintha mu dera ndale makamaka chikhalidwe. Mu 1968, pamene pali kutsutsana pakati pa French ndi Flemings pa maziko a University of Louvain: anthu awiri sanathe kudziwa chinenero ayenera kuphunzitsidwa sukuluyi.

Zotsatira zake zinali mndandanda wa malamulo mu 1970, umene unakhazikitsidwa malire chinenero pakati pa maiko awiri, mmodzi amene ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mabungwe ena onse a mwangwiro a ku zinenero za anthu a Flanders. Flemish Council woyang'anira chikhalidwe mu 1973, anadzatchedwa mu Dutch.

Momwe zinthu zikusinthira

Pofuna kupeza malo mu ntchito za boma ku Belgium, muyenera kudziwa zilankhulo ziwiri. Iyi ndi Flemish ndipo, ndithudi, French. Walloons Zikatero, amadana ndi maganizo kuphunzira chinenero chonenedwa ndi anthu okwana 22 okha, kuphatikizapo anthu okhala Netherlands. Flemings (makamaka amene ali ndi udindo onse), monga ngati kubwezera mwadala amakana kulankhula French. Koma mawu akuti "Flemish", kuwonjezera tanthauzo mwachindunji, lero kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dzina losonkhanitsidwa kwa kum'mawa m'zilembo zapadnoflamandskih.

Mu chinenero malire m'madera akhoza kukumana zizindikiro pamsewu French ndi kutsiriza pansipa dzina la mudzi Dutch. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti midzi yambiri ndi pawiri. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kupita Mons ndi gawo Flemish, ndiye mukupita Bergen, Liege - Luik, Namur - namenya ndi zina zotero. Ndi mosemphanitsa. Mukufuna kukaona Mechelen? Ndiye muyenera kudziwa: dzina French wa mzinda zikumveka ngati Malin, Bern - Furneaux, Ieper - Ypres. Patsalanso bwinobwino chifukwa boma sikungathetse izi zimaseketsa ndi pa yomweyo Zomvetsa chisoni mwa unsembe wa zizindikiro nzeru msewu.

mbali khalidwe

Ponena phonetics, ndi Flemish isiyana Dutch chiwerengero cha mbali mu katchulidwe (mwachitsanzo wathunthu kuukira pakalibe olimba). Galamala khalidwe ndi gulu nthaŵi mitundu itatu mothandizidwa akuti munthu. Ndi chizindikiro cha chinenero Flemish amachita kuchuluka Gallicisms.

zinkalankhulidwa

Pali mitundu anayi Flemish:

• Brabant chilankhulo;

• East-Flemish;

• West-Flemish;

• Limburg.

M'zilembo magulu awiri yamasika panopa kwambiri ntchito kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku pakati pa anthu ndi nambala apamwamba kusiyana kwa muyezo Dutch.

Mu Belgium Limburgish amaona chinenero. Kuyambira mu 1997, ku Netherlands, anali kuboma monga wodziimira ngati Dutch ndi Flemish. Kodi iwo kulankhula m'zilembo Limburg? Izi koposa zonse, kum'mwera kum'mawa m'dera la Netherlands, komanso mbali kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Belgium.

West Flemish ntchito ndi anthu amoyo mu West Flanders. kufalitsa lonse la gulu ili chifukwa kayendedwe ka olemba m'dera la theka lachiwiri la m'zaka za m'ma XIX, amene mwachangu anatsutsa oyamba a chinenero muyezo Dutch.

Phwando la Flemish Community

Khirisimasi imagwera pa July 11. Mu 1302, panali wotchuka Kurtreyskaya nkhondo pakati pa Flemish ndi Ankhondo French. Recent encroached pa dera la Flanders ndi chinenero chake. Flemish anthu molimba mtima atetezera dziko, kukonza asilikali a crossbowmen ndi oponya mivi. Flanders anapambana Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga kupambana nkhondoyi.

Kufikira tsopano, mu tchuthi amakono a Belgium chikondwerero cohesive Flemish ammudzi. Pa tsiku limeneli pali parades zovala ndi zisudzo ed, cholinga kukumbutsa nzika za mtengo wa ufulu ndi makolo awo wolimba amene anamenyera izo.