Krakatoa: akufa ndi kuukitsa

Krakatau - ndi phiri pakati Java ndi Sumatra, wotchuka kwambiri mu Chimaleya Archipelago (Indonesia). Izi ambiri stratovidnoy, moto amapuma phiri kwambiri chidwi volcanology, ndipo iwo amakhala ndi chikakamizo osati chidwi sayansi, komanso amaopa miyoyo ya anthu ambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti kuphulika ake mu 1883 anali amphamvu kwambiri m'mbiri ya mbiri olembedwa a anthu. Koma tiyeni tiyambe kuyambira pachiyambi. Asayansi apeza kuti kamodzi Java ndi Sumatra anali chilumba, ndi Sunda Khwalala kulibe. Mu 535 AD panali kuphulika yaikulu phiri, zomwe zinachititsa kuti gulu la chilumbachi ndi kusintha kwa nyengo pamlingo m'mapulaneti.

Ngakhale Ronaldo sichinayambe anafotokoza mu mbiri, mphete mtengo, anaphunzira Dendrochronologists kulola woweruza kuti "auknulos" m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi. Krakatau kuphulika ndi sanaganize kupita kukagona, ndipo mtima nthawi akuwonetseredwa mu mabomba amphamvu ndi mpweya phulusa. Zinali ndithu mkulu ndi chilumba chachikulu (9 kuti 5 km), ataliatali pa mamita zikwi pamwamba pa nyanja. Pamodzi ndi zilumba zina zazing'ono zinali zotsalira za mbiri isanayambe kuphulika Chigwa, kutalika, malinga ndi ziwerengero volcanologists, akhoza kukhala zikwi ziwiri metrov.Istoricheskie mbiri osanenapo chaka zoyipa 1680, koma zimene zachitika wakhala kuposa onse chifaniziro yosiyanasiyana ya anthu za yowononga August 1883 mphamvu ya Earth chiphalaphala.

Kuphulika kwa phiri Krakatau inayamba mu May. Poyamba, awa anali mabomba zonse, osati kuvulaza aliyense. Komabe, cottons izi phiri anakudzula mwa misa lalikulu la thanthwe ndi subsoil anapanga voids. M'bandakucha pa August 27 bingu lalikulu Kenako ananena mwamphamvu. Pa 150 kupita ku Batavia (tsopano Jakarta) kuphulika anagwetsa denga ndipo anang'amba chitseko kuchokera kumadalira, ndipo phokoso la anamveka Madagascar (masauzande ambiri 4 Km from malo omwe). A mbali yaikulu ya chilumba anakomoka tsiku lotsatira. Mu nyanja opanda izo anasefukira. Chiphalaphala kuchokera kukhudzana ndi madzi gidromagmatichesky kuphulika kunachitika ndi madzi anakumana ndime litatuluka mu phulusa mpweya, zinachititsa mapangidwe pyroclastic otaya mamita 900. Iye ali pa liwiro la sitima lofotokoza inawombana ndi Sumatra, kubweretsa imfa kwa anthu zikwi ziwiri.

Koma izo sizinali zokhazo. Splinters wa miyala nagwa pansi pa makilomita 500 kuchokera malo omwe ndi chiphala phulusa anakakhala pa kum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean. A wosanjikiza fumbi ananyamuka ngakhale mu zigawo rarefied wa mesosphere pa msinkhu wa 70 Km. Asayansi amati mphamvu ya kuphulika kwa nthawi 10,000 kuposa kamenyedwe atomiki bomba Hiroshima. Yoweyula mantha ponseponse kangapo lonse. Chimphona, 30 m, tsunami yagwa pafupifupi 300 m'matauni ndi m'midzi, kupha anthu 36,000. tsunami, ichi makamaka wofooka mawonekedwe, panali ngakhale Atlantic gombe la France! phiri Krakatoa yokha anakomoka, ndipo anapita pansi pa madzi.

Tinganene kuti izi ziri pa? Mu 1927, kuphulika kunachitika pansi pa madzi ndi pamwamba pa nyanja anasonyeza kutalika pang'ono mamita 9, pamwamba. Mwana dzina lake Krakatoa chiphalaphala Anaki (Mwana Krakatoa). Koma mwana uyu wakula ndi leaps ndi malire. Anawawononga mafunde a m'nyanja Komabe, iye anapambana yekha koposa malo moyo. Mu 1930, panali kale lapadziko zotupa, utuluke chiphalaphala ndipo anatsindika makoma a chilumba latsopano, kuwapanga kugonjetsedwa kukokoloka nyanja. Mu 1933, iye anafika kutalika 67 m, ndipo mu 1950 -. 138 mamita nyanja ndiye nthawi yochepa anatha kupeza akupambana ndipo chikusokosera chilumba.

Koma phiri Krakatau sanafooke: 1960 chilumba latsopano anaimirira pamwamba pa madzi mamita 30 1968. kutalika kwake ndi mamita 160 kale tsopano kukula pa mlingo wa masentimita 13 pasabata ... Malo akadali kutali yapita wina, koma phiri kale pafupi kwa icho - mamita 813 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1994, Anaki Krakatau, lilinso Moody. kuphulika Small zimachitika pafupifupi mlungu uliwonse. The kwambiri awa inayamba mu 2008 ndipo inatha mu 2009. Pachilumba ookedwa volcanologists yekha. Boma la Indonesia laletsa anthu kuthetsa makilomita kwambiri kuposa atatu ku mapiri zoopsa.